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	Vatican Bank Information
		The Vatican Bank was involved in a major political and financial scandal in the 1980s, concerning the 1982 $3.5 billion collapse of Banco Ambrosiano, of which it was its major share-holder.
		The Vatican Bank is a branch of the Roman Curia, the administrative structure of the Roman Catholic Church.
		Paul Marcinkus, head of the Vatican Bank from 1971 to 1989, was indicted in Italy in 1982 as an accessory in the $3.5 billion collapse of Banco Ambrosiano, one of the major post-war financial scandals.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Vatican_Bank (1275 words)

	Vatican Bank - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Vatican Bank was involved in a major political and financial scandal in the 1980s, concerning the 1982 $3.5 billion collapse of Banco Ambrosiano, of which it was a major share-holder.
		The Vatican Bank is a branch of the Roman Curia, the administrative structure of the Roman Catholic Church.
		Vatican Bank was accused of financing the ratlines and ODESSA.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vatican_Bank (1387 words)

	Paul Marcinkus, focus in scandal at Vatican bank - The Boston Globe
		Paul Marcinkus, the papal bodyguard dubbed ''the Gorilla" and a titular archbishop who led the Vatican bank into a scandal of staggering proportions, died yesterday at his home in Sun City, Ariz. Archbishop Marcinkus, who was 84, reportedly had emphysema.
		He was president of the bank, formally known as the Institute for Religious Works, from 1971 to 1989.
		With bank customers ranging from clergy to ambassadors accredited to the Holy See, he was among the most powerful members of the Vatican elite.
	www.boston.com /news/globe/obituaries/articles/2006/02/22/paul_marcinkus_focus_in_scandal_at_vatican_bank (692 words)

	The Konformist - VATICAN ATTACKS CALIFORNIA HOLOCAUST LAW AS UNCONSTITUTIONAL
		The Vatican Bank, which purports to be part of the Vatican and has been caught up in Holocaust era restitution lawsuits in federal courts in California since November 1999, is attempting to have a California law designed to help elderly Holocaust surviviors achieve resolution of Nazi slave labor claims within their lifetimes declared unconstitutional.
		The Vatican Bank is asking the court dismiss all Holocaust slave labor claims in California.
		Vatican Bank, filed in November 1999 by Serb, Jewish, and Ukrainian Holocaust survivors against the Vatican Bank seeks return of Nazi loot stolen from wartime Yugoslavia which included the profits of slave labor.
	www.konformist.com /2001/vatican-bank-holocaust.htm (340 words)

	Vatican Bank Top 10 Money Laundering Destination
		According to one global source, the Vatican is the main destination for over $55 billion in illegal Italian money laundering and the number 8 destination worldwide for laundered money, ranked well ahead of such offshore havens as the Bahamas, Switzerland, and Liechtenstein.
		In a recent report by the London Telegraph and the Inside Fraud Bulletin, the Vatican was named as a top "cut out" country along with the offshore banking centers of Nauru, Macao, and Mauritius.
		The Vatican Bank is desperately resisting a legal action for an accounting of stolen World War II assets in a San Francisco Federal court (Alperin v.
	www.theforbiddenknowledge.com /hardtruth/vatican_money.htm (207 words)

	How the the Papal State collaborated with fascism in the Balkans
		While the Vatican Bank has repeatedly denied their involvement, service of the lawsuit on the Franciscan Order took place in Oakland, California on Tuesday, March 15, 2000, appropriately upon a Croatian Franciscan priest, and on the Vatican Bank in Rome on Friday, March 17.
		The Vatican was further implicated in August 1997 when newly discovered documents in the US national archives show that the Vatican engaged itself in potentially illegal transactions with Nazi Germany and it's axis partners during the war.
		The archives show that the Vatican Bank (known as the Institute for Religious Works) used Swiss banking middlemen on at at least 3 occasions to obtain money from the Reichsbank or to transfer funds to a bank fllisted by the allies for it's dealings with Nazi Germany.
	www.fantompowa.net /Flame/the_vatican.htm (3302 words)

	Vatican Bank Scandal Suspect Archbishop Dead
		Archbishop Paul Marcinkus, the head of the Vatican bank before a massive banking scandal forced him out in 1989, has died of natural causes, a spokeswoman for the Phoenix Catholic Diocese said.
		Formally known as the Institute for Religious Works, Marcinkus headed the Vatican Bank for 20 years, but was removed when he became an intergral figure in the Italian investigation into the massive scandal.
		Sources close to Vatican claim that Marcinkus taken to America to keep quiet since he was actually only an "innocent fall guy" for the real culprits pulling the strings behind the scandal.
	www.rense.com /general69/vatt.htm (541 words)

	vatican and war crimes in Croatia
		To fuel this mass migration of war criminals, the Ustasha loot was banked and laundered by the Vatican bank and cooperative Swiss banks.
		The Franciscans and Vatican Bank attorneys have filed preliminary responses with an all-important court hearing set for later this year on whether the court may assume jurisdiction over these entities.
		We think the Vatican and Franciscans will be surprised at the outcome, an American court may finally sit in judgment over the bloody misdeeds of the Ustashe and the Franciscans.
	www.fantompowa.net /Flame/vatican_and_war_crimes_in_.htm (2068 words)

	Vatican, Calvi
		If the Vatican really owned--and controlled-- these Panamian shell companies, it might appear that it had used them to attain secret control over strategic banking and media corporations in Italy-- and, under the assumption they were untraceable, didn't repay their loans.
		But the Vatican insisted that their ownership was only nominal, and Calvi and others used its name for their own purposes.
		Contrary to myth, the Vatican had insufficient resources to pay for all the needs of modern life--pensions for its nuns, hospital care for its employees, multi-language press and radio operations, re-training its Swiss Guard to cope with world tourists, and international travel for its Nuncios and other ambassadors.
	www.edwardjayepstein.com /archived/vatican.htm (805 words)

	The Vatican Bank (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Recently, Ratzinger has spoken so scathingly of his church's failures since Vatican II that now the world's bishops are wondering how much he is speaking for the pope and how much for himself.
		Ratzinger says that Vatican II quickly passed from healthy "self-criticism to self-destruction." Influenced by dissenting theologians, too many of the faithful lost the old Catholic conviction that in matters of faith "there is one truth and that this truth is definable in a precise way, that is, by Church authorities."
		VATICAN CITY - The Vatican assembled a blue-ribbon panel of scholars Thursday to examine the Inquisition and declared its readiness to submit the chuch's darkest institution to the judgment of history.
	www.angelfire.com /ky/dodone/Inquisition.html (935 words)

	Telegraph \| News \| Archbishop Marcinkus
		This decision was followed by a protracted legal tug-of-war between the Vatican and Italian judicial authorities, which resulted in Marcinkus and two of his aides at the bank spending long periods holed up in the Vatican for fear they might be arrested if they set foot on Italian territory.
		Marcinkus's success in climbing the rungs of the Vatican hierarchy was attributed to his friendship with Pope Paul VI, who appreciated his services as an interpreter fluent in Italian, French, Spanish and Lithuanian, and his skill in organising papal trips abroad.
		He remained head of the Vatican bank despite rumours that John Paul I, in his 33-day pontificate, was trying to get rid of him, continued in the post under John Paul II, and was appointed titular Archbishop of Orta in 1981.
	www.telegraph.co.uk /news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/02/22/db2201.xml (1208 words)

	The Secret of the Vatican-Print Version
		This was completely legal since the Vatican is a sovereign state, unrestricted by the laws of Italy on anyone else.
		Calvi, the son of a bank clerk, undertook to be the intermediary, and organized the clandestine connections-- including those through which the money could be funneled into the Panamian phantom companies.
		Since the Vatican ownership of these the companies was supposed to be an irretrievable secret, written only in one sealed document in Luxumburg, no one would be able to hold it responsible.
	www.edwardjayepstein.com /archived/vatican_print.htm (1486 words)

	Long-time head of Vatican bank dies at 84 - Catholic Online
		The U.S.-born archbishop, who spent 38 years in Vatican service before his retirement in 1990, headed the Vatican bank from 1971 to 1989 and was head of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State from 1981 to 1990.
		In 1987 he was forced to move into the Vatican after a squad of Italian police tried to serve an arrest warrant on him in his Rome residence, on charges of complicity in the $1.2 billion fraudulent bankruptcy in 1982 of the Banco Ambrosiano, Italy's largest independent bank.
		But the Vatican's internal investigation of the matter found that the letters carried no legal weight and that the bank was an innocent victim of Calvi's schemes.
	www.catholic.org /national/national_story.php?id=18796 (1516 words)

	The Memory Hole > 5 States Sue Vatican Over Money-Laundering and Insurance Fraud
		Vatican officials allegedly received pay offs from Frankel and his associates in exchange for use of a Vatican operated charity as money laundering conduit.
		The Vatican Bank, which is controlled by Cardinal Sodano, issued a key letter of credit that Frankel used in his insurance schemes.
		The Vatican’s legal problems in the US first arose in November 1999 when California attorneys Tom Easton and Jonathan Levy filed a class action lawsuit seeking return of gold and funds looted from Yugoslavia during WWII and laundered by the Vatican bank post war.
	thememoryhole.org /states-v-vatican.htm (362 words)

	The Vatican - Vatican Bank Sued For Alleged War Crimes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		“Vatican Bank...has its principal place of business and is incorporated in Vatican City but conducts business and financial transactions worldwide on behalf of the Roman Catholic Church including the United States and California with total assets in excess of 3 billion dollars.
		The Vatican maintained an ‘Apostolic visitor’ in Zegreb, the Croatian capital from 1941 until the end of the War.
		It is perhaps no coincidence that the Vatican Bank suit was brought in San Francisco.
	www.bibliotecapleyades.net /vatican/esp_vatican04.htm (1312 words)

	Vatican FAQs - News
		A: The Vatican is located in Vatican City, an independent state located inside the city of Rome.
		Vatican City, the boundaries of which are marked by a wall, is only.17 square miles.
		Vatican Bank are still seeking restitution of the Nazi Croatian Treasury, which the U.S. State Department says was transferred to the Vatican Bank following the war.
	www.thebostonchannel.com /News/1414444/detail.html (513 words)

	PURITAN NEWS
		Vatican fully cooperated with Reagan, and later, Bush Sr.
		However, it is now twenty years since the Vatican Bank scandal.
		Vatican successfully bartered in 1982 for significant concessions from the
	www.puritans.net /news/vaticanandrussia030703.htm (793 words)

	Paul Marcinkus; ran Vatican bank during '80s scandal \| The San Diego Union-Tribune
		Paul Marcinkus, the papal bodyguard dubbed “The Gorilla” and a titular archbishop who led the Vatican bank into a monetary scandal of staggering proportions, died Monday at his home in Sun City, Ariz. Archbishop Marcinkus, who was 84, reportedly had emphysema.
		He was president of the bank, formally known as the Institute for Religious Works, from 1971 to 1989.
		With bank customers ranging from clergy to ambassadors accredited to the Holy See, he was among the most powerful members of the Vatican elite.
	www.signonsandiego.com /uniontrib/20060226/news_mz1j26marcin.html (612 words)

	TIME.com: The Great Vatican Bank Mystery -- Sep. 13, 1982 -- Page 4
		A onetime Italian financier and Vatican financial adviser, he is currently serving a 25-year prison sentence for fraud in connection with the 1974 collapse of New York's Franklin National Bank (see box).
		Although the Vatican bank denies it had much to do with either Sindona or Calvi, the I.O.R. eventually became Banco Ambrosiano's fourth-largest stockholder, acquiring over the years at least 794,390 shares, or 1.589% of the bank's stock.
		Vatican officials told TIME that the stake in the Bahamian bank eventually rose to 8% and that the church's interest in Banco Ambrosiano Holding in Luxembourg was 4%.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,951806-4,00.html (757 words)

	Murder of God's Banker (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Vatican Bank scandal of the 1980's may open up clues to the death of Pope John Paul I, as well as turning up the 'real culprits' behind the murder of Roberto Calvi, the prominent Italian financier and P2 Masonic Lodge member found hanging from the Blackfriars Bridge in London.
		And it was the ugly matter of cleaning up the Vatican Bank and outing high-level priests affiliated to cult groups and Masonic lodges that most likely led to the death of Pope John Paul I after only 33 days in office, say sources close to the Vatican.
		But it also should be noted the Vatican authorities never fully investigated the death of the Pope as well as never allowing for an autopsy to determine the true cause of death, listed officially as a heart failure with respiratory complications.
	www.exposingsatanism.org /illuminati-vatican-gods-banker.htm (980 words)

	New Lead In Vatican Bank Scandal Surfaces
		In the early 1980's, the Vatican Bank scandal erupted in Italy, bringing to light corruption of unprecedented proportions within the Catholic Church's hierarchy.
		Researchers who cover the Vatican closely surmise the reason why is that the Vatican, through the many Zionist media owners it uses as a cover, is bought and paid off to keep the Vatican and their Jesuit Order henchmen quietly in the background, out of sight and out of mind.
		However, with bribery being an important part of the Vatican arsenal, Marcinkus' case was never brought to trial, as he Vatican paid more than $250,000 to the Italian government to have the case dropped.
	www.rense.com /general74/scande.htm (2465 words)

	The Vatican, the dark side - - - voxnyc
		Nogara accepts the job, but only with the proviso that the Vatican Bank be permitted to begin loaning money at competitive rates of interests (something which most “Catholic banks” did not do because of a supposed biblical injunction against usury), and that he have autonomy in deciding when and where investments would be made.
		Gelli’s door to the Vatican, and a possible member of P-2, was Cardinal Paolo Bertoli, a member of the church’s diplomatic corps, who introduces Gelli to Archbishop Paul Marcinkus of the Vatican bank.
		The Vatican and Calvi had made fortunes from Sindona and there mutual associations; for instance in one transaction, in 1971, the Vatican sold to Roberto Calvi’s group 37.4% of the stock, and received the equivalent in today’s dollars of $1.15 billion.
	www.voxfux.com /features/vaticanmurder.html (8759 words)

	Sherman Skolnick's Report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Vatican Bank et al., No. 99 C 4941, U.S. District Court, Northern District of California, filed 11/15/99.
		Among the fourteen pages of details in the Court pleadings, "Vatican Bank...has its principal place of business and is incorporated in Vatican City but conducts business and financial transactions worldwide on behalf of the Roman Catholic Church including the United States and California with total assets in excess of 3 billion dollars.
		Headquartered there is the Bank of America, owned jointly by the Vatican, the Jesuits, and the Rothschilds.
	skolnicksreport.com /vaticanbank.html (1339 words)

	The Vatican Bank
		Most decrees of Vatican II are opposed by the Traditionalists.
		On the opening day of Vatican II, John XXIII said, "The greatest concern of the Ecumenical Council is this: that the sacred deposit of Christian doctrine should be more effectively guarded and taught" (AD LIMINA TALKS, p.
		For them, the `process' has to continue until still other changes thought to be in `the spirit of Vatican II' have also been realized.
	www.angelfire.com /ky/dodone/VatII.html (361 words)

	Catholic World News : Archbishop Marcinkus, Vatican banker caught in scandal, dead at 84
		Feb. 21, 2006 (CWNews.com) - Archbishop Paul Marcinkus, the American-born prelate whose leadership of the Vatican bank was marred by international scandal, died during the night of February 20.
		The American archbishop was persuaded to invest Vatican funds in the Banco Ambrosiano, and to led the support of the Vatican to financial schemes which were eventually exposed as fraudulent.
		The Ambrosiano scandal led to a thorough reorganization of the Vatican bank, which is now led by a lay professional rather than a cleric.
	www.cwnews.com /news/viewstory.cfm?recnum=42551 (556 words)

	Vatican Bank: Dismiss Holocaust Survivors' Reparations Suit
		The Vatican Bank says a California federal court must dismiss an action by Holocaust survivors who claim the bank converted their assets after World War II in cooperation with a fascist regime.
		In defense of their suit the plaintiffs argue that the Vatican Bank has not met its burden of proving that it is an agency or instrumentality of a foreign sovereign.
		The bank does not have to prove its sovereignty by a preponderance of the evidence and therefore the declaration is sufficient, they say.
	news.findlaw.com /andrews/bf/bll/20061115/20061115_vatican.html (809 words)

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