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	Vatican Library - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1623, the hereditary Palatine Library of Heidelberg containing about 3500 manuscripts, was given to the Vatican by Maximilian I, Duke of Bavaria in thanks for the adroit political maneuvers of Pope Gregory XV that had sustained him in his contests with Protestant candidates for the electoral seat.
		Christina of Sweden saw to it that her library, which was for all practical purposes the entire royal library of Sweden of the time, became part of the Vatican Library on her death in 1689.
		The Vatican Library is a research library for history, law, philosophy, science and theology, open to anyone who can document their qualifications and their research needs to view the collection.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vatican_Library (677 words)

	The Seattle Times: Nation & World: Vatican upgrades 15th-century library with new technology
		It's the latest advance for the Vatican Library, which was started by Pope Nicholas V in the 1450s with an initial 350 Latin manuscripts.
		Today, the Vatican Library is known for its collection of manuscripts — the one-of-a-kind, often beautifully illustrated handwritten books that predate the era of the printing press.
		One of the library's most important pieces is the "Codex B," the oldest known complete Bible, which dates from about 325 A.D. and is believed to have been one of the 50 bibles Emperor Constantine commissioned.
	seattletimes.nwsource.com /html/nationworld/2001976900_vaticanlibrary11.html (988 words)

	Vatican. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The Vatican City is a roughly triangular tract of land within Rome, on the west bank of the Tiber River and west of the Castel Sant’Angelo.
		The principal chapel in the Vatican is the Sistine Chapel, the ceiling of which was painted (1508–12) by Michelangelo.
		Gregory XIII and Sixtus V spent huge sums on the Vatican and also began the Quirinal, a palace that served as the papal residence from the 17th to the 19th cent., was the Italian royal palace from 1870 to 1946, and is now the home of the president of Italy.
	www.bartleby.com /65/va/Vatican.html (1108 words)

	Global Gallery - Vatican Library Collection
		The Vatican Library, or "BAV" (Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana) has been accessible only to church officials and scholars since its inception in 1451 by Pope Nicholas V for the "convenience of the learned." Located in the Cortile Del Belvedere in Vatican City, it is the oldest library in existence.
		Throughout the Renaissance, the Vatican Library acted as a catalyst for scientific and geographic advancement, and the library's holdings reflect its contributional role.
		Within the library's walls are ancient timepieces, scientific instruments, navigational tools, stellar and terrestrial globes, coveted maps of the old world (illustrated with vicious sea monsters in the ocean's depths) and, of course, intricate maps of the new world (Christopher Columbus was born coincidentally, in 1451 the year of the library's founding).
	www.globalgallery.com /collections/collection.vatican.asp (473 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The Vatican
		The Vatican works of art represent in their entirety an irreplaceable treasure, which is not actively at the disposal of the Curia, but passively in their possession, since the repair and maintenance of these objects make great claims on the resources of the Holy See.
		The Vatican museums are: (1) The Museo Pio-Clementino; (2) the Galleria Chiaramonti; (3) the Braccio Nuovo; (4) the Egyptian Museum; (5) the Etruscan Museum.
		The Vatican dispensary, which was formerly in the Cortile di San Damaso, was recently transferred to the quarters of the Swiss Guards, and lies at the door of the Torrione di Nicolò V which leads to the city.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/15276b.htm (16595 words)

	Vatican Film Library: Vatican Library Manuscripts on Microfilm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Vatican Library manuscript collections as a whole are made up of a core collection, known as the "Vatican" collection (Vaticani latini, Vaticani greci, etc.), and various other collections named for their former owners or their places of origin.
		Subdivided by language, the Vatican collection is an open one that continues to expand as new acquisitions are made, while the other constituent collections are closed and do not grow and preserve, more or less, their original structure.
		In addition to catalogues issued by the Vatican Library itself, there are a number of catalogues issued by other institutions, as well as individual accounts published in numerous monographs and scholarly journals.
	www.slu.edu /libraries/vfl/bavmss.htm (1148 words)

	AllRefer.com - Vatican Library (Libraries, Books, And Printing) - Encyclopedia
		Vatican Library, in Rome, founded in the 4th cent.
		It is constituted primarily as a manuscript library.
		Facilities of the library have been greatly improved in the 20th cent., although the staff and funding remain small.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/V/VaticanL.html (297 words)

	The Vatican Library (Rome Reborn: The Vatican Library & Renaissance Culture)
		The Vatican Library, in fact, became a center of the revival of classical culture known as the Renaissance.
		This index, a very extensive one, was used in the library until 1620--powerful evidence for the continuity of the basic procedures developed in the fifteenth century.
		One of the many remarkable qualities of the Vatican's manuscripts is the richness of the marginal notes in which generations of scholars discussed and evaluated their content.
	www.loc.gov /exhibits/vatican/vatican.html (3630 words)

	Toward on-line, worldwide access to Vatican Library materials
		Through the Vatican Library Project, we are exploring the practicality of providing digital library services that extend access to portions of the Library's collections to scholars worldwide, as an early example of providing digital library services that extend and complement traditional library services.
		Digital libraries use different methods to accomplish the same things as conventional libraries, exploiting digital storage, processing, and communications to enable management of very large numbers of items, searches that would be impractical manually, rapid distribution to or retrieval from afar, and excellent information protection.
		However, while digital library services are fundamentally similar to conventional library services, their quantitative characteristics are so different that they allow qualitatively new services to be provided by a library to give the clients quantitatively new abilities.
	www.research.ibm.com /journal/rd/402/mintzer.html (13327 words)

	Vatican Film Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Destruction of the Vatican library, art collections and museum, the unrivaled depositories of the world's cultural treasures, would constitute a tragic loss to both present and future civilizations.
		The Knights of Columbus Vatican Film Library, as it now is designated, is located on the first floor of the Pius XII Memorial Library at St. Louis University.
		The true importance of this library to the universal scholastic community cannot be adequately described.
	members.aol.com /more11490/vatican.htm (266 words)

	Vatican Library Using RFID To Track Books
		With this new technology, a library worker can pass a wand-like antenna over the shelves and "if a book is missing or in the wrong place, the antenna will sound an alarm to signal there's a problem," he said.
		The library closes for a month every year just to go through inventory the old-fashioned way: visually corresponding what is on the shelf with a list of the library's collection.
		Although some U.S. libraries see RFID technology as a way to make book checkout easier and faster, the application will take on a different dimension at the Vatican since no books can be removed from the Vatican Library -- except by the pope.
	www.rense.com /general50/vaticanlibrary.htm (556 words)

	Business Wire: The Vatican Library Collection Enters Partnersh... @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Located in the Cortile Del Belvedere in Vatican City, it is the oldest library in existence.
		The library is a rich repository for manuscripts, prints, coins and art from around the globe.
		A portion of all proceeds from sales of "The Vatican Library Collection" school uniforms will be used to fund the restoration and preservation of the Vatican Library's collections.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:57587844&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (346 words)

	Safeguarding Digital Library Contents and Users: Digital Images of Treasured Antiquities
		We convey what the Vatican Library project and several other IBM joint studies--studies with el Archivo General de Indias de Sevilla (Spain), the lifetime collection of Andrew Wyeth's paintings, a collection held by the Hebrew Union College, and the Yale Beinecke Library--teach about administering intellectual property rights.
		We proceed from specific aspects of protecting Vatican Library values to compare the concerns of and actions for several other antiquities collections, and convey not only the specifics of watermarks as a technical mitigation of risks but also how this fits into IBM's multifaceted response to a wide range of protection and quality concerns.
		Boyle, then Prefect of the Vatican Library, we developed and refined a visible watermarking technology, whose application is illustrated in Figures 1 and 3.
	www.dlib.org /dlib/july97/vatican/07gladney.html (6061 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Vatican Council
		The opponents of infallibility constantly assert that the pope convoked the council of the Vatican solely to have papal infallibility proclaimed.
		According to the dogmatic decision of the Vatican Council, the papacy founded by Christ is the crown and centre of the entire constitution of the Catholic Church.
		Lastly, as regards the drafts and proposition which were left unsettled by the Vatican Council, a number of these were revived and brought to completion by Pius IX and his two successors.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/15303a.htm (7696 words)

	cooltech.iafrica.com \| tech news Vatican goes hi-tech
		With about 65 000 manuscripts, the Vatican collection is one of the best in the world, said John Lowden, director of the Research Centre for Illuminated Manuscripts at the University of London's Courtauld Institute.
		One of the library's most important pieces is the "Codex B" — the oldest known complete Bible, which dates from about 325 AD and is believed to have been one of the 50 bibles Emperor Constantine commissioned.
		The library also is home to 300 000 medals and Roman-era coins, although many of the most valuable pieces were lost when Napoleon took them to France.
	cooltech.iafrica.com /technews/328864.htm (1030 words)

	BYU News Release
		Working alongside their Vatican colleagues in the Vatican Library for three years, BYU scholars imaged more than 14,000 pages of text to produce a digital library of 33 important Syriac Christian manuscripts.
		Working alongside their Vatican colleagues for three years, BYU scholars imaged more than 14,000 pages of text to produce a digital library of 33 important Syriac Christian manuscripts, which will be available on DVD.
		The Vatican Library project is part of a larger effort by the BYU Institute for the Study and Preservation of Ancient Religious Texts to digitize and make accessible important and endangered manuscripts from libraries and monasteries around the world.
	byunews.byu.edu /release.aspx?story=archive04/Mar/manuscripts (1071 words)

	Vatican Library adopts RFID
		The Vatican Library in Rome, home of nearly two million books, manuscripts and other items, has adopted radio frequency identification (RFID) tags to identify and manage a big chunk of its large collection.
		Previously, administrators closed the library for an entire month each year to verify its contents, manually cross-referencing what was found on each shelf against the library's collection database.
		The library plans to extend the system to include access control, loan management and parking management by issuing RFID-tagged badges to staff, students and researchers.
	www.prisonplanet.com /articles/july2004/090704vaticanrfid.htm (243 words)

	Medicine (Rome Reborn: The Vatican Library & Renaissance Culture)
		In these areas too the Vatican Library developed rich holdings, which extend from the classic general works of Plato and the challenging poem of Lucretius to standard medieval textbooks.
		Nicholas, whose signature appears on the manuscript, was the librarian of Queen Christina of Sweden, whose collection came to the Vatican Library after her death.
		It is one of many books that came to the papal library from the libraries of the cardinals.
	www.lcweb.loc.gov /exhibits/vatican/medicine.html (1392 words)

	Sixtus IV appoints Bartolomeo Platina Prefect of the Vatican Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Sixtus IV appoints Bartolomeo Platina Prefect of the Vatican Library
		Sixtus IV appoints Bartolomeo Platina Prefect of the Vatican Library, circa 1477
		The fresco comes from one of the rooms of the old Vatican Library, founded in 1475 by Sixtus IV della Rovere (pontiff from 1471 to 1484).
	mv.vatican.va /3_EN/pages/x-Schede/PINs/PINs_Sala04_01_020.html (216 words)

	HP Press Release: HP Technology to Power Virtual Access to Vatican Library
		The Apostolic Vatican Library, founded by Pope Nicholas V (1447-1455), specializes in humanistic disciplines (paleography, history, art history, classical literature, philology) and contains 1.6 million printed volumes (antique and modern editions), 8,300 incunabula (of which 65 are printed on vellum), 150,000 manuscript and records volumes, 300,000 coins and medals, and more than 100,000 prints.
		The Vatican Library dates back to Pope Nicholas V (1447-1455), whose notable private collection came to form the first nucleus of the present library.
		The humanistic character of the library was enriched over the centuries by many important acquisitions of prestigious libraries and manuscripts that have amplified this immense cultural patrimony.
	www.hp.com /hpinfo/newsroom/press/2002/021029c.html (574 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Vatican Observatory
		Gregory XIII ordered a tower to be erected in a convenient part of the Vatican buildings, and to be fitted out with the greatest and best instruments of the time.
		At the death of Gilii the Vatican Observatory was discontinued, for the following reason: Pius VII and Leo XII raised the standard of studies in the papal states.
		After the material restoration of the observatory, the main problems were a library and the measuring of the astrographic plates.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/15309a.htm (1335 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| Special reports \| Microchips keep Vatican library tidy
		Vatican to toughen rules on homosexuals with ban on gay men joining priesthood
		Custodians of the Vatican library, fed up with having to spend a month a year putting wayward items from their collection of 1.6m volumes and manuscripts back where they belong, are tagging them with microchips.
		The library includes the oldest known complete Bible, Petrarch's notes for his two greatest works and a copy of the first book to be printed: a Gutenberg Bible.
	www.guardian.co.uk /pope/story/0,12272,1239122,00.html (402 words)

	Zenit News Agency - The World Seen From Rome
		But buried deep in the frescoed rooms of the Vatican Library, employees are working to install the first electronic cataloguing system of the West's most precious books and documents.
		The Vatican Library is the first in the world to attempt this system, every aspect of which had to be carefully considered, including the type of glue to be used to adhere the chip to the books.
		The Vatican Library is not a lending library.
	www.zenit.org /english/visualizza.phtml?sid=51642 (1303 words)

	Syriac Manuscripts from the Vatican Library: Volume 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The scope of the first phase of the project was formulated by the parties and a contract between BYU and the Vatican Library was signed in early 2000.
		Preceding the manuscript photographs are not only images of the original Vatican Library catalogue entries, in many cases taken from the great eighteenth century descriptions of Assemanus, but also a new summary description of the manuscript listing all significant items and indicating whether, and if so where, the text has been edited.
		This is a wonderful example of the combination of traditional scholarship with modern technology to meet the needs of academics and students of Syriac literature at the beginning of the twenty-first century, and I suspect and hope that it is a model that will be followed by those responsible for many further manuscript collections.
	cpart.byu.edu /Vatican (902 words)

	CNN.com - High-tech security for ancient books - Oct 18, 2004
		Now, librarians at the Vatican Library are using cutting-edge technology to keep track of the priceless ancient collection.
		Two million of the 40-million piece collection will be tagged in the near future, allowing staff to complete the library's annual inventory in less than a day, something that previously forced it to close for a whole month.
		Di Bernardo says RFID is perfect for the Vatican Library's needs and her company has since installed the technology in other Italian libraries.
	www.cnn.com /2004/TECH/10/14/spark.rfid.vatican (499 words)

	CNS STORY: VATICAN-LIBRARY (UPDATED) Mar-29-2004 (560 words) xxxi
		The CNS news report may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or otherwise distributed, including but not limited to such means as framing or any other digital copying or distribution method, in whole or in part without the prior written authority of Catholic News Service.
		VATICAN CITY (CNS) -- Home to almost 2 million books and manuscripts, the Vatican Library has begun a different way of tracking and identifying its massive and precious collections.
		The CNS news report may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or otherwise distributed, including but not limited to such means as framing or any other digital copying or distribution method, in whole or in part without the prior written authority of
	www.catholicnews.com /data/stories/cns/20040329.htm (700 words)

	Leopoldo Cicognara Collection in the Vatican Library
		To this day its possession establishes the Vatican Library as a generously equipped center for studies in the literature and the history of art and classical archaeology as well as of art criticism, taste, and aesthetics.
		The Cicognara Library, as no other library can, allows us to enter into the discussion, from book to book, on the purposes and the dignity of art that animated the language of the love and the theory as well as the practice of art from antiquity to Cicognara's own time.
		Leonard Boyle, Prefect of the Vatican Library in 1988 when Philipp Fehl came to him with the idea, was Director of the Project until 1997.
	www.cicognara.com (554 words)

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