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	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Vatican Observatory
		Vatican Observatory is thus described in the Motu Proprio of 1891 by Leo XIII:
		Gilii was born in Corneto in 1756, and died in Rome, in 1821, a beneficed clergyman of St.
		Vatican Observatory in its third period was occasioned, on the one hand, by the loss to the Church of the Roman
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/15309a.htm (1378 words)

	Vatican Observatory
		At the death of Gilii the Vatican Observatory was discontinued, for the following reason: Pius VII and Leo XII raised the standard of studies in the papal states.
		In 1787 the observatory at the Roman College had been founded, under Calandrelli, and was declared preferable to the Vatican, as more accessible to students in the city, and not obstructed by the great cupola of St. Peter's (Giornale Arcadico, II, p.
		From the observatory of the late Marquis of Montecuccoli in Modena, of which Denza had been director, a four-inch equatorial, a three-inch transit instrument, and four pendulum clocks with two chronometers, were acquired.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/o/observatory,vatican.html (1315 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The Vatican
		Vatican works of art represent in their entirety an irreplaceable treasure, which is not actively at the disposal of the Curia, but passively in their possession, since the repair and maintenance of these objects make great claims on the resources of the Holy See.
		Vatican museums are: (1) The Museo Pio-Clementino; (2) the Galleria Chiaramonti; (3) the Braccio Nuovo; (4) the Egyptian Museum; (5) the Etruscan Museum.
		Vatican dispensary, which was formerly in the Cortile di San Damaso, was recently transferred to the quarters of the Swiss Guards, and lies at the door of the Torrione di Nicolò V which leads to the city.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/15276b.htm (14545 words)

	Vatican City \| Catholic-Pages.com
		Note: The Vatican lira is on a par with the Italian lira and under the terms of the Concordat with Italy, Vatican currency is legal tender throughout Italy, and Italian currency is legal tender within Vatican City.
		VATICAN CITY, JUN 11, 1997 (VIS) - Vatican City State was created with the Lateran Pacts stipulated between the Holy See and the Kingdom of Italy on February 11, 1929, and ratified on June 7 of the same year.
		All the territory of Vatican City State is under the protection of the Hague Convention of May 1954, regarding the care of cultural goods in case of armed conflict.
	www.catholic-pages.com /vatican/vatican_city.asp (515 words)

	AP Wire \| 09/12/2006 \| Vatican Observatory's director steps down (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The observatory has a major presence in Arizona astronomy circles since Coyne played a key role in moving its research operations to the University of Arizona in 1981.
		Among Coyne's major accomplishments was leading the Vatican's participation in the construction of telescopes atop Mount Graham in southeastern Arizona.
		The Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope now is one of three telescopes built on the mountain over objections of Native Americans and environmental interests.
	www.myrtlebeachonline.com /mld/myrtlebeachonline/15499270.htm (200 words)

	The Seattle Times: Nation & World: Vatican telescope observatory bridges religion and science
		Though few Americans know it, the Vatican for more than 100 years has funded and staffed world-class observatories, first in Italy and, since the early 1980s, in Arizona, where the height of Mount Graham and the dark desert nights are ideal for telescope use.
		The Vatican, which still fights its image as the institution that tried Galileo during the Inquisition for endorsing the idea that Earth was not the center of the universe, has said the observatory's mission is to serve as a bridge between religion and science.
		The Vatican's initial observatories were in Rome and then in the Italian countryside, but both were essentially rendered obsolete when the bright lights of Italy's largest city made night observing virtually impossible.
	seattletimes.nwsource.com /html/nationworld/2003209849_observatory19.html?syndication=rss (1266 words)

	Astromart News - Holy Smoke -- The Vatican Runs Quite an Impressive Observatory
		The previous Vatican Observatory at the Papal Summer Residence at Castel Gandolfo, near Rome operated from 1935 to 1993.
		In its historical roots and traditions, the Vatican Observatory is one of the oldest astronomical institutions in the world.
		The observatory was moved to escape the increase in artificial sky illumination from Rome's city lights.
	www.astromart.com /news/news.asp?news_id=673 (1234 words)

	washingtonpost.com: Keeping an Eye on the Heavens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Subsequent observatories were built in different locations in Rome, and in 1891, Pope Leo XIII formally founded the Specola Vaticana (Vatican Observatory) on a hill behind St. Peter's Basilica.
		In 1981, the Vatican founded a second research center in Tucson and, in 1993, completed a telescope with an innovative lightweight design on Mount Graham, a two-hour drive northeast of the city and possibly the best astronomical site in the continental United States.
		One of the major discoveries by Vatican and University of Arizona astronomers, who also use the telescope, is that more and more galaxies are found to have "massive fl holes" at their center, said Coyne, who divides his time between the U.S. and Italian observatories.
	www.washingtonpost.com /ac2/wp-dyn/A35959-2002May17?language=printer (1257 words)

	Vatican Science
		The Vatican Observatory is one of the oldest astronomical institutes in the world.
		The Observatory can be traced to the idea of Pope Gregory XIII to study the scientific data involved in the reform of the calendar, which occurred in 1582.
		The Vatican Observatory established a research branch in Arizona in 1981 when the growing population of Rome made the sky too bright for astronomical observations.
	www.acfnewsource.org /science/vatican_science.html (886 words)

	USATODAY.com - Vatican official: 'Intelligent design' isn't science (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		VATICAN CITY (AP) — The Vatican's chief astronomer said Friday that "intelligent design" isn't science and doesn't belong in science classrooms, the latest high-ranking Roman Catholic official to enter the evolution debate in the United States.
		The Rev. George Coyne, the Jesuit director of the Vatican Observatory, said placing intelligent design theory alongside that of evolution in school programs was "wrong" and was akin to mixing apples with oranges.
		The Vatican Observatory, which Coyne heads, is one of the oldest astronomical research institutions in the world.
	www.usatoday.com /news/religion/2005-11-18-vaticanastronomer_x.htm (529 words)

	Vatican sees stars \| www.azstarnet.com ®
		The observatory's director, the Rev. George V. Coyne, says he's confident Pope Benedict XVI will not change the function of the center, which mainly researches star and planet formation and conducts all its research observing at Mount Graham because of light pollution in the greater Rome area.
		The observatory also fits the aim of the late Pope John Paul II to involve the Roman Catholic Church in the world as a whole, not just the world of Catholicism, said the Rev. Richard P. Boyle, who like the other Jesuit astronomers splits his year between Tucson and Castel Gandolfo.
		The observatory's multimillion-dollar budget is funded both by the Vatican and, increasingly, by private donations through the Vatican Observatory Foundation.
	www.azstarnet.com /sn/printDS/71821 (1164 words)

	CNS STORY: Pope appoints Argentine Jesuit to head Vatican Observatory
		VATICAN CITY (CNS) -- Pope Benedict XVI has appointed Argentine Jesuit Father Jose Funes, 43, to be the new director of the Vatican Observatory.
		The observatory staff divides its time between facilities at the papal summer villa in Castel Gandolfo, south of Rome, and the University of Arizona in Tucson.
		The observatory traces its origins back to the observational tower erected at the Vatican by Pope Gregory XIII in 1578 in preparation for reforming the Western calendar.
	www.catholicnews.com /data/stories/cns/0604749.htm (413 words)

	Stargate
		Vatican astronomers working at the observatory, near Tucson, are more than satisfied with the very high resolution images.
		George Coyne, SJ, director of the Vatican Observatory on Mount Graham, is also adjunct professor of astronomy at the University of Arizona.
		The observatory is nestled in a mountaintop forest, an island ecosystem surrounded by the southern Arizona desert.
	www.companysj.com /v151/stargate.html (1394 words)

	Vatican Observatory Summer School (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		His answer was a departure for the Vatican Observatory.
		With these thoughts, with the subsequent approval of George Coyne, S.J., the Observatory's Director, and with the cooperation of all the staff, the Vatican Observatory Summer School (VOSS) was born.
		I was particularly glad to see how the alumni, once they had got up to date with their own "class", then made contacts with those from other years who came from the same geographical region or who had similar research interests.
	www.jesuitsinscience.org /Newsletter98/vatican.htm (465 words)

	Zenit News Agency - The World Seen From Rome
		VATICAN CITY, JUNE 8, 2004 (Zenit.org).- Astronomers from around the world met in the Vatican Observatory to view Venus' transit across the face of the sun, an event that last occurred in the 19th century.
		The observatory at the papal palace at Castel Gandolfo is host this week to 90 professional and advanced amateur astronomers, half of whom observed today's transit of Venus between 7:20 a.m.
		The Vatican Observatory's origins date back to Pope Gregory XIII, who established a scientific commission to study the elements necessary to reform the liturgical calendar, which took place in 1582.
	www.zenit.org /english/visualizza.phtml?sid=54970 (334 words)

	Global Catholic News - Vatican Observatory Plans Symposium on Evolution
		VATICAN CITY, JUNE 20, 2004 (Zenit.org).- The Vatican Observatory has convoked a range of experts to reflect on a question that at times seems to be forgotten in scientific research: Is there purpose in evolution?
		Hence, the Vatican Observatory from June 24-26 will be host for a symposium organized by the John Templeton Foundation.
		The symposium at the Vatican Observatory will gather 13 participants, researchers in the areas of biology, biochemistry, ecology, geology, neurosciences, paleontology, philosophy of science and theology.
	www.catholic.net /global_catholic_news/template_news.phtml?news_id=55602&channel_id=2 (462 words)

	Jesuit director of Vatican Observatory to speak at W&J (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Vatican sponsorship of astronomy dates to 1582, when Pope Gregory XIII decided to reform the calendar, which was so far out of sync with the seasons that Easter was in danger of becoming a winter holiday.
		The original 1891 observatory was established in the Vatican gardens.
		But by 1980, that popular tourist region also was too well lit, and the observatory moved to a stargazers' desert paradise at the University of Arizona.
	www.post-gazette.com /pg/04102/298773.stm (729 words)

	Controversial telescope is justified if just a single alien is converted - Vatican Observatory at Mount Graham, Arizona ...
		Vatican Observatory officials have been reaching for the stars, even invoking the possible evangelization of extraterrestrial life, as they scramble to justify what some claim is the desecration of an ecologically unique mountain.
		Jesuit Father George Coyne, Vatican Observatory director, recently told London's conservative Daily Telegraph that the Vatican had joined forces with NASA to search with the new telescope for extraterrestrial life.
		The environmental coalition opposing the observatory, which includes mainstream organizations such as the Sierra Club and the Audubon Society, along with activist grass-roots groups, vows it will take UA back to court to block the move, in the hope that, without the UA telescope, the flagship in the project, the others will not financially succeed.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1141/is_n12_v29/ai_13417541 (482 words)

	The J-Walk Blog: Vatican Astronomer Canned (Comments)
		Pope Benedict XVI has appointed a new director of the Vatican Observatory, replacing the Rev. George Coyne, a long-serving Jesuit astronomer and a vocal opponent of "intelligent design" theory.
		It was unclear if the replacement of Coyne, the observatory's director since 1978, reflected a sense of disapproval within the Vatican over his opposition to intelligent design -- the idea that the world is too complex to have been created by natural events alone.
		There was no mention of Coyne in a brief statement released by the Vatican on Saturday (Aug. 19) announcing the appointment of the new director, the Rev. Jose Gabriel Funes, who is also a Jesuit.
	j-walkblog.com /index.php?/weblog/comments/vatican_astronomer_canned (352 words)

	Controversial telescope is justified if just a single alien is converted - Vatican Observatory at Mount Graham, Arizona ...
		Vatican Observatory officials have been reaching for the stars, even invoking the possible evangelization of extraterrestrial life, as they scramble to justify what some claim is the desecration of an ecologically unique mountain.
		Jesuit Father George Coyne, Vatican Observatory director, recently told London's conservative Daily Telegraph that the Vatican had joined forces with NASA to search with the new telescope for extraterrestrial life.
		The environmental coalition opposing the observatory, which includes mainstream organizations such as the Sierra Club and the Audubon Society, along with activist grass-roots groups, vows it will take UA back to court to block the move, in the hope that, without the UA telescope, the flagship in the project, the others will not financially succeed.
	findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1141/is_n12_v29/ai_13417541 (482 words)

	The Celestial Monochord: The Vatican Observatory
		One of his first actions after becoming Pope in 1978 was to appoint a commission to study the matter of Galileo, with an eye toward formally setting the record straight regarding the Church's attitude toward his condemnation 350 years before.
		In Vatican jargon, John Paul wanted to move toward Galileo's "rehabillitation." In 1984, the commission presented its findings and acknowledged that the Church had been in error when it put Galileo under house arrest for the rest of his life.
		A Vatican observatory was built in the 1500s to help with calendar reform, and was formally established as The Vatican Observatory in 1891.
	www.celestialmonochord.org /2005/04/the_vatican_obs.html (243 words)

	Astronomer opts to leave Vatican post
		Among his major accomplishments was leading the Vatican's participation in the construction of telescopes atop Mount Graham in southeastern Arizona.
		Coyne was well-known as observatory director, primarily because the Vatican Observatory is one of the oldest in existence, said the Rev. Chris Corbally, assistant director.
		The Vatican Observatory was established in 1891 to advance astronomical knowledge and to demonstrate church support for the physical sciences.
	www.azcentral.com /arizonarepublic/local/articles/0912astronomy0912.html (530 words)

	Interview with Brother Guy Consolmagno :: Astrobiology Magazine - beginning study of life - Origin - evolution - life ...
		From 1978-80 he was a postdoctoral fellow and lecturer at the Harvard College Observatory, and from 1980-1983 continued as postdoc and lecturer at MIT.
		Just by walking around with this badge that says "Vatican Observatory," I'm reminding people that, yes, there is indeed a religious aspect, and indeed, an ethical aspect to science.
		The budget of the Vatican is smaller than the budget of most archdioceses in the U.S., because they don't have all the schools and the hospitals and things.
	www.astrobio.net /news/article966.html (3526 words)

	BBC - Radio 4 - The Vatican Scientists
		Geoff Watts meets the scientists who work for the Vatican and those who are members of the Pontifical Academy, and explores how their work and advice translates into the policies of the Catholic Church.
		At the Pope's disposal is a large body of scientists, primarily Jesuit priests, who not only conduct their own front line research, but also scour the scientific literature for moral and philosophical problems, either caused by science or which can be helped by science.
		Vatican Scientists profiles the work of these priest/scientists to find out how they can work as inquisitive scientists whilst still adhering to the teachings of the Church.
	www.bbc.co.uk /radio4/science/vaticanscientists.shtml (623 words)

	Spero News: Vatican observatory hosts Venus transit
		VATICAN CITY (VIS) - The Vatican Observatory at the papal palace at Castelgandolfo is host this week to 90 professional and advanced amateur astronomers, half of whom observed today's transit of Venus between 7:20 a.m.
		Another part of the group viewed the transit from a site nearby and will visit the observatory on June 10, according to a communique from the Vatican Specola, or observatory.
		An astronomical "transit" is the passage of one object in the sky in front of another: in this case, Venus passed between Earth and the Sun.
	www.speroforum.com /site/print.asp?idarticle=632 (263 words)

	CTNS-Vatican Observatory New Series
		The Vatican Observatory and the Center for Theology and the Natural Sciences (CTNS) have concluded a decade-long series of research conferences in theology and science.
		In light of these results, the Vatican Observatory and CTNS have embarked on a new series of research conferences.
		The Vatican Observatory and CTNS intend to publish the results of these conferences in a new series of volumes beginning with this first conference.
	www.ctns.org /news_081805.html (666 words)

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