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| | Jazz |
 | | White audiences saw them first in vaudeville shows, then performed by exhibition dancers in the clubs. |
 | | Traveling throughout black communities in the Deep South and to northern big cities, these musician-pioneers were the Hand helping to fashion the music's howling, raucous, then free-wheeling, "raggedy," ragtime spirit, quickening it to a more eloquent, sophisticated, swing incarnation. |
 | | The ability of these musically literate, black jazz men to transpose and then read what was in great part an improvisational art form became an invaluable element in the preservation and dissemination of musical innovation and increasingly important in the approaching big-band era. |
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