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Topic: Vector (computing)

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	The Physics Classroom
		These rules for summing vectors were applied to free-body diagrams in order to determine the net force (i.e., the vector sum of all the individual forces).
		The head-to-tail method involves drawing a vector to scale on a sheet of paper beginning at a designated starting position; where the head of this vector ends the tail of the next vector begins (thus, head-to-tail method).
		Once all vectors have been added head-to-tail, the resultant is drawn from the tail of the first vector to the head of the last vector; i.e., from start to finish.
	www.physicsclassroom.com /Class/vectors/u3l1b.html (1696 words)

	Configurable computing machine and related systems and methods - Patent 20060101250
		A computing machine, comprising: programmable integrated circuits; a configuration registry operable to store a file that defines a circuit having portions; and a processor coupled to the registry and, in response to the file, operable to instantiate a first one of the circuit portions on a first one of the programmable integrated circuits.
		The computing machine of claim 1 wherein: the registry is further operable to store a firmware file that corresponds to the first circuit portion; and the processor is operable to instantiate the first circuit portion by providing the firmware file to the first integrated circuit.
		The computing machine of claim 1 wherein: the processor is operable to generate a firmware file that corresponds to the first circuit portion; and the processor is operable to instantiate the first circuit portion by providing the firmware file to the first integrated circuit.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /20060101250.html (17853 words)

	Climate Modeling Report, Dec 2000. Issues of Computational Systems
		When vector computers were the work horse of scientific computing, scientists wrote code for a relatively stable computational environment that had well defined rules to enhance code performance.
		The vast majority of high-end computing systems are installed in government laboratories or academic institutions, with a smaller number being purchased by private industry for their research and development activities.
		At the basis of the strategic decision to go towards massively parallel computing was the assumption that the incremental development of vector computing platforms had reached the end of the line.
	www.usgcrp.gov /usgcrp/Library/models2001/issues.htm (4603 words)

	Upgrading the IDRIS computing resources
		Current scientific computing, and indeed all computing, has been profoundly marked by the arrival in force of microprocessors, which began in the 1980s and was consolidated in the early nineties.
		Vector computing is actually merely a particular example of parallel computing.
		Vector machines draw their performance from two elements: processors that are specialized in vector processing, and exceptional memory-processor data transfer speeds, enabling the processors to be fed as quickly as they produce their results.
	www.cnrs.fr /cw/en/pres/compress/cnrsibm/evolcalcidris.htm (1609 words)

	Wikinfo \| Vector
		Vector (spatial): In physics and engineering, vector most often refers specifically to an object that has a special relationship to the spatial coordinates/directions, i.e.
		Vector (computing) is the method that malicious code (viruses, etc) uses to propogate itself.
		A biological vector is a mechanism that transmits genes or organism.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=vector (281 words)

	High-performance Linux clustering, Part 1: Clustering fundamentals
		Vector processor systems deliver high performance and were the dominant HPC architecture in the 1980s and early 1990s, but clusters have become far more popular in recent years.
		To understand HPC hardware, it is useful to contrast the vector computing paradigm with the cluster paradigm.
		Fundamentally, both vector and scalar processors execute instructions based on a clock; what sets them apart is the ability of vector processors to parallelize computations involving vectors (such as matrix multiplication), which are commonly used in High Performance Computing.
	www-128.ibm.com /developerworks/linux/library/l-cluster1 (2848 words)

	Asynchronous Heterogeneity: The Next Big Thing In HEC
		Vector threads do not start until all their data has been localized (first in the local memory and then in their local store) and, once they have started, they do not stop for anything.
		Cascade's model of parallel computation is that petascale applications contain a (somewhat balanced and possibly hidden) irreducible mixture of portions of the computation suitable for coarse-grained dataflow computing, i.e, high thread-state computing, and other portions suitable for fine-grained dataflow computing, i.e., low thread-state computing.
		If parallel computation is an irreducible mixture of high thread-state and low thread-state computing, a parallel system architecture should be split into separate subsystems that support the global parallel computation precisely by efficiently executing both the high thread-state code and the low thread-state code separately in parallel.
	www.hpcwire.com /hpc/450881.html (4724 words)

	Vector Computing Tutorial -- General Architecture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This includes an introduction to vectors and vector arithmetic, a discussion of performance measurements used to evaluate this type of machine, and a comparison of the characteristics of particular vector computers.
		The vector result of a vector operation is put into a vector register before it is stored back in memory by a store vector operation; this permits it to be used in another computation without needing to be reread, and it allows the store to be overlapped by other operations.
		However as the length of the vectors in a computation increase, this difference in efficiency between the two types of architectures is diminished.
	www-ugrad.cs.colorado.edu /~csci4576/VectorArch/VectorArch.html (3924 words)

	TIME.com - 5/25/99: The Cox Report
		Vector machines are useful for cryptography, modeling fluids, and in the design of weapons.
		Another disadvantage is that each one of the computers that is part of the system has to be instructed what to do individually.20 This phenomenon requires specialized, extremely proficient programmers to create efficient communications between the individual computers.
		Unlike vector processors, which consist of complex collections of chips and are only fabricated by the hundreds each year, commercial off-the-shelf microprocessors are designed for mass production based on two decades of experience making integrated circuits.
	www.time.com /time/daily/special/newschina/cox/hpc/pg9.html (3739 words)

	COMP3061: Unit Database Entry
		The following topics are addressed: general high performance computing requirements, concepts and architectural principles, scalar and vector architectures and their memory structure, performance issues including the vectorizability and parallelizability of algorithms, program analysis techniques for high performance computing, parallel computing paradigms and issues.
		Modern high performance computing, largely made up of science and engineering applications, involves non-trivial computer science issues to be addressed.
		These include the representation and distribution of data on high speed computers, the tradeoff between programmability and performance in programming paradigms, practicalities in the estimation and measurement of algorithm performance, and the interaction between the algorithm, data and architecture.
	cs.anu.edu.au /teaching/undergrad/UNITS/COMP3061.html (600 words)

	The Term Count Model
		The assumption here is that documents whose vectors are close to the query vector are more relevant to the query than documents whose vectors are away from the query vector.
		The computed number is the Frobenius Norm of the matrix.
		Since rows and columns of a matrix are one-row matrices and one-column matrices and these represent vectors, their own Frobenius Norms equal the length of their vectors.
	www.miislita.com /term-vector/term-vector-2.html (1629 words)

	Scaling Personalized Web Search
		Partial vectors are cheaper to compute and store than full hub vectors, assuming they are represented as a list of their nonzero entries.
		The hub vector is constructed by logically assembling the partial vectors using the corresponding weights in the hubs skeleton, as shown at the bottom.
		Figure 2 plots the average size of (full) hub vectors and partial vectors (recall that size is the number of nonzero entries), as computed after 6 iterations of the selective expansion algorithm, which for computing full hub vectors is equivalent to the basic dynamic programming algorithm.
	www2003.org /cdrom/papers/refereed/p185/html/p185-jeh.html (5813 words)

	Jeh, Glen; Widom, Jennifer: Scaling Personalized Web Search (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Computing and storing all possible personalized views in advance is impractical, as is computing personalized views at query time, since the computation of each view requires an iterative computation over the web graph.
		Partial vectors are shared across multiple personalized views, and their computation and storage costs scale well with the number of views.
		Our approach enables incremental computation, so that the construction of personalized views from partial vectors is practical at query time.
	dbpubs.stanford.edu:8090 /pub/2002-12 (388 words)

	Wired News: Supercomputer Seeks Comeback
		Vector supercomputers -- the original mega-machines built for crunching massive quantities of data -- are once again widely available in the United States.
		The concept of the cluster supercomputer emerged in the mid-1990s when Cray, the company often credited with the development of the first supercomputer, was bought by SGI.
		The market for vector supercomputers has shrunk to a narrow niche, served by NEC and Cray, which was purchased in 2000 by a Seattle company, Tera Computing, now known as Cray.
	www.wired.com /news/technology/0,1282,64701,00.html?tw=rss.TOP (677 words)

	NMath Core User's Guide - 4.6 Functions of Vectors
		CumulativeSum() returns a vector containing the cumulative sum of the elements in a given vector, such that u[i] = v[0] + v[1] +...
		OneNorm() return the L1-Norm of the vector, equivalent to the absolute sum of the elements in the vector.
		Any NaN values in the vector are placed at the end of the ordered vector.
	www.centerspace.net /doc/NMath/Core/user/vector7.html (1041 words)

	What is vector graphics? - A Word Definition From the Webopedia Computer Dictionary
		Another advantage of vector graphics is that representations of images often require less memory than bit-mapped images do.
		The difference between vector graphics and raster graphics, therefore, is that vector graphics are not translated into bit maps until the last possible moment, after all sizes and resolutions have been specified.
		In their vector form, therefore, graphics representations can potentially be output on any device, with any resolution, and at any size.
	www.webopedia.com /TERM/V/vector_graphics.html (374 words)

	OpenGL @ Lighthouse 3D - Terrain Tutorial
		With the two vectors, v1 and v2, it is now possible to compute the cross product between them to find a perpendicular vector to the face.
		The length of a vector is computed as:
		The normal at a vertex should be computed as the normalised sum of all the unit length normals for each face the vertex shares.
	www.lighthouse3d.com /opengl/terrain/index.php?normals (596 words)

	Computing Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Computing Center was founded in 1984 to improve the quality of the Academy's research environment and raise research productivity.
		The Computing Center has adopted the strategy of "Integrated Planning and Distributed Cooperation" to establish a network-centric information technology (IT) environment in the Academy.
		The Computing Center has connected our Fiber High Performance Academy Network to the Taiwan Academy Network (TANet) and the Bay Area Regional Research Network (BARRNet), thereby forming a complete networking layout, through which information sharing and communication inside and outside the Academy can be efficiently achieved.
	www.sinica.edu.tw /as/intro/ascc.html (729 words)

	Linear Least-Squares System
		When A is sparse, this algorithm can substantially reduce computer time and storage requirements, compared with using a routine for solving a general system.
		Instead of directly computing this matrix, the same effect is achieved in the user's interface code by the steps:
		For systems with large condition numbers, the use of a preconditioner may be essential for computing a solution.
	www.vni.com /corner/garage/hanson/lsf.html (872 words)

	Math/CS 4777 - Introduction to Parallel and Vector Scientific Computing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Textbook for this course is An Introduction to Parallel and Vector Scientific Computation
		Their directory on parallel computing and their directory on distributed computing are a good source of links.
		I mentioned a webpage which details some disasters attributable to bad numerical computing which is worth looking at, whenever you get the feeling that all these error estimates and convergence results aren't worth the trouble.
	www.math.gatech.edu /~llefton/4777 (887 words)

	Vector supercomputers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The VPX Vector Supercomputing service at Manchester provides on-line access to, and support for, researchers who need to...
		Expose students to a modern computing environment consisting of a powerful local compute/file server with fast access to remote vector and...
		The Fujitsu VPX240/10 located at HPCC is a vector supercomputer with a peak performance of 2.5 Gigaflops (Gflops).
	archimedes.y-net.gr /hpcn/english/vecsupco.htm (237 words)

	Lecturer Ernst L. Leiss (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Ernst L. Leiss received degrees in computer science and in mathematics from the University of Waterloo and the Technical University of Vienna.
		He joined the Department of Computer Science at the University of Houston in 1979; in 1985 he became the director of the Research Computation Laboratory which he headed until 1994.
		In particular, it highlights the development of software for vector and parallel systems and concludes that parallel computing, despite the availability of parallel hardware, is still significantly handicapped by the lack of tools to which users have become accustomed in vector computing.
	www.acm.org /top/people/leiss.html (499 words)

	vector - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Vector, Vector, Vector : Game Dictionary [home, info]
		Phrases that include vector: vector graphics, vector space, vector sum, expression vector, intermediate vector boson, more...
		Words similar to vector: vectored, vectorial, vectorially, vectoring, more...
	www.onelook.com /?w=vector (494 words)

	National Partnership for Advanced Computational Infrastructure: Archives
		In 1999, NPACI will offer vector and parallel computing classes for current NPACI users as well as for any users interested in becoming informed about vector and parallel computing.
		The parallel classes provide an overview of parallel computing, architecture, and user interface of NPACI parallel machines, MPI function calls and development of parallel application codes using MPI, single PE optimization techniques on RISC machines, parallel mathematical libraries such as ScaLAPACK and PETSc, parallel debugging and performance monitoring tools, and parallel application optimization.
		The vector computing classes will teach topics on SDSC's CRAY T90 and the UT J90s.
	www.npaci.edu /Resources/Online/workshops_01_06_99.html (510 words)

	Dauger Research, Inc., Altivec Fractal Carbon Demo Page
		The comparison operations must be performed in vector form as well, here using vec_cmpgt, vec_and, and vec_any_ne.
		The remaining differences involve preparing the vector variables with the appropriate data prior to the iteration loop and saving the final data out into a regular array of floating-point numbers for later conversion to pixel data.
		For a slightly more complex example of vectorized code, compare sections of the DoSqueezeToLetterboxEffect() routine in the source code of the iMovie Squeeze to Letterbox plug-in on the Other Software page.
	www.daugerresearch.com /fractaldemos/altivecfractalcarbon.html (483 words)

	PC Pro: Analysis: Real World Computing: The Vector dimension
		Back in issue 113, I examined the importance of 3D graphics for realistic illustration, and how the major 2D drawing applications have begun to embrace this fact.
		In many ways, SketchUp operates like a traditional 2D vector application with a Drawing toolbar providing the basic rectangles, ellipses, curves, polygons and lines.
		As you draw, coloured dots and lines appear that help align your work to the existing geometry by snapping to edges, midpoints, tangents and so on.
	www.pcpro.co.uk /realworld/55799/the-vector-dimension.html (687 words)

	Duc Thai Nguyen, CEE, ODU (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Qin, J. and Nguyen, D.T., "A Tridiagonal Solver for Massively Parallel Computers", Proceedings of the 4th NASA National Symposium on Large-Scale Applications on High- Performance Computers and Workstations, Williamsburg, VA (October 15-17, 1997).
		Qin, J. and Nguyen, D.T., "A Parallel-Vector Simplex Algorithm on Distributed Memory Computers," Proceedings of the ICES '95 (International Conference on Computational Engineering Science), the Ritz-Carlton Hotel, Mauna Lani, Big Island of Hawaii (July 30- August 3, 1995).
		Nguyen, D.T. and Niu, K.T., "Structural Sensitivity Analysis on a Parallel Computer," Proceeding of 6th ASCE Structures Congress, Orlando, FL, August 17-20, 1987, pp.
	www.cee.odu.edu /~dnguyen (5197 words)

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