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Topic: Vector processor

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	Vector processor capable of performing iterative processing - Patent 4757444
		There is provided a vector processor based on a pipeline control method in which a cyclic operation is divided into a plurality of stages and processed.
		This processor comprises a vector register controller for dividing an operating process into a plurality of fundamental process units and controlling these units, and a phase generator for allowing the vector register controller to time-sharingly make the vector processor operative.
		Recent vector processors adopt the pipeline control method and due to this control, the operation process is divided into conceptual data processing steps referred to as stages and data which should be operated on is inputted to the processor without interruption, thereby realizing a high operating speed.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4757444.html (3449 words)

	Vector processor - Patent 4725973
		A vector processor for executing vector instructions comprises a plurality of vector registers and a plurality of pipeline arithmetic logic units.
		A vector processor according to claim 4, wherein said data transfer means includes a first selector connecting said outputs of said vector registers to inputs of said arithmetic logic units, and a second selector connecting outputs of said arithmetic logic units to inputs of said vector registers.
		One such vector processor has vector registers for improving the operational data transfer performance so that a plurality of pipeline-type arithmetic logic units included in the vector processor are effectively operated concurrently at a high speed.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4725973.html (2871 words)

	Vector Processor
		A vector processor, or array processor, is a CPU design that is able to run mathematical operations on multiple data elements simultaneously.
		This is in contrast to a scalar processor which handles one element at a time.
		Vector processors were common in the scientific computing area, where they formed the basis of most supercomputers through the 1980s and into the 1990s.
	www.javvin.com /hardware/VectorProcessor.html (104 words)

	Vector Processor
		All vector data types are 16 bytes in size, and must be aligned on a 16-byte (quadword) boundary.
		Local variables of vector data type that need to be saved to memory are saved to the same stack frame region used for local variables of other types, but on a 16-byte boundary.
		Any additional vector parameters (13th and beyond) are passed through memory on the program stack, 16-byte aligned, in their appropriate mapped location within the parameter region corresponding to their position in the parameter list.
	publib.boulder.ibm.com /infocenter/pseries/v5r3/topic/com.ibm.aix.aixassem/doc/alangref/appendix_I_vector_ext.htm (1466 words)

	Bitboys Introduces Vector Graphics Processor for Mobile Devices at Game Developers Conference
		The Bitboys G12 is an extremely compact vector graphics processor that supports hardware rendering of both SVG Tiny 1.2 and OpenVG 1.0 graphics.
		Vector graphics allow content to be always rendered to the highest possible detail and quality, while animation is easily executed and takes very little memory.
		Hardware acceleration of vector graphics is also included in the Bitboys G40, a 2D/3D/vector graphics processor introduced in August 2004 and targeted for high-end multimedia mobile phones.
	www.symbian.com /news/cn/2005/cn20051880.html (761 words)

	Vector processor: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com
		Vector processors were common in the scientific computing area, where they...supercomputers through the 1980s and into the 1990s, but general increases in in performance and...
		Vector processors were common in the scientific computing area, where they formed the basis of most supercomputers through the 1980s and into the 1990s, but general increases in in performance and processor design have since made the dedicated vector processor a thing of the past.
		Vector processor elements have since been added to almost all modern CPU designs, although they are typically referred to as SIMD.
	www.encyclopedian.com /ar/Array-processor.html (1355 words)

	Vector processor (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In general, in a vector processor having vector registers, an intermediate result of an operation is temporarily stored in the vector register VR1 and only a final result vector is stored in the main storage so that the number of times of data transfer to and from the main storage is substantially reduced.
		When the vector register to be read but not updated by the instruction in the instruction queuing register q301 is read by the instruction in the DI register r302 in advance, the sequence of reading of the register is reversed but no problem arises.
		The vector elements to be fetched from the main storage, however, are not always written in the vector register successively in each machine cycle because of the possible occurrence of a conflict in the fetching of data from the main storage (for example, when two memory requesters simultaneously request).
	www.emergenthomestore.com /techcat/dry_shavers/vector_processor.html (17881 words)

	Vector processor (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A vector processor has a discriminator for determining in one machine cycle of an operation unit whether a bit pattern of elements of vector data meets a predetermined condition or not.
		A reason therefor is that the vector processor is usually utilized for speed-up of processing of a language for carrying out a numeric operation represented by FORTRAN and it is not utilized for speed-up of PL/I which requires complex logical operations.
		This vector mask register VMR is repeatedly used as a mask through the line l20 in the operation which uses various masks as the condition so that execution of a complex instruction for all vector elements is attained.
	www.stickebana.com /scitech/applicator_tool/vector_processor.html (1917 words)

	Vector processor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A vector processor, or array processor, is a CPU design that is able to run mathematical operations on multiple data elements simultaneously.
		Vector processor elements have since been added to almost all modern CPU designs, although they are typically referred to as SIMD.
		But more than that, the vector processor typically has some form of superscalar implementation, meaning there is not one part of the CPU adding up those 10 numbers, but perhaps two or four of them.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vector_processor (1592 words)

	Vector Processor Method for Computing Multiple Multivariate Gaussian Probabilities
		A vector processor algorithm is described for computing multiple multivariate Gaussians that provides substantial performance improvements over scalar computation even when the dimensionality of the observation vector is small.
		Background Many speech recognition algorithms [1,2,3] model an input parameter vector y as having an underlying Gaussian distribution of the form where N is the dimension of y, m is the mean vector, and is a (positive definite) covariance matrix.
		Although a modern vector processor, such as an IBM 3090, is very efficient at matrix and vector operations, there is little or no improvement in performance when the dimension of the matrices and the vectors are on the order of 20.
	www.priorartdatabase.com /IPCOM/000034039 (626 words)

	Vector Processing Futures
		A vector is a mathematical construct which is central to linear algebra, which is the foundation of much of classical engineering and scientific mathematics.
		The simplest physical interpretation of a vector in 3 dimensional space is that it is an entity which is described by a magnitude and a direction, which in a 3 dimensional space can be described by 3 numbers, one for x, one for y and one for z.
		This is the central idea behind vector processors and why they can achieve significantly better performance than their general purpose cousins - by collapsing large numbers of basic operations into single vector operations which involve repeated bursts of identical primitive operations.
	www.ausairpower.net /OSR-0600.html (3217 words)

	3.5.1 Vector Processors (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In the register to register machines the vectors have a relatively short length, 64 in the case of the Cray family, but the startup time is far less than on the memory to memory machines.
		Clock cycles on modern vector processors range from 2.5ns (NEC SX-3) to 4.2ns (Cray C90), and single processor performance on LINPACK benchmarks is in the range of 1000 to 2000 MFLOPS (1 to 2 GFLOPS).
		In principle vector chaining could be implemented in a memory-to-memory vector processor, but it would require much higher memory bandwidth to do so.
	www.ipp.mpg.de /de/for/bereiche/stellarator/Comp_sci/CompScience/csep/csep1.phy.ornl.gov/ca/node24.html (1284 words)

	Electrosonic VECTOR large screen image processor
		VECTOR is a large screen display image processor that is in use with many of the world's leading staging companies, driving LED walls, soft-edged large projectors and DLP and LCD rear projection videowalls.
		This makes VECTOR particularly suitable for presentation or simulation oriented displays, that contain high levels of motion in the sources.
		Unlike network processors, a VECTOR video display is not vulnerable to PC processing bottlenecks or operating system crashes.
	www.electrosonic.com /vector.shtm (221 words)

	SVU: A Beginner's Guide to Vector Processing
		Vector processing allows a vector of values to be fed continuously to the vector processor.
		The chaining feature available in the vector processor enables the results generated by the multiplier to be fed continuously to the adder, and allows the multiplier and adder to operate concurrently.
		Vectorisation directive can also be used to prevent vectorisation of certain DO loops when the overhead exceeds the benefits of speed-up.
	twister.ou.edu /CFD2001/VectorProcessing.html (1429 words)

	External Vector Coprocessing
		Before that, add-on vector units offered for the System/360 and the original System/370, such as the IBM 2938 Array Processor and the IBM 3838 Array Processor, had their own internal memories, to which data would be transferred before the start of a computation involving vectors.
		This, of course, would mean that vectors not fully aligned, in terms of the width of the entire assembly of external coprocessor chips, would involve a significant performance penalty, although even that penalty would not outweigh the benefit of avoiding the limited-width data path to the CPU itself.
		Since the external vector coprocessor only works with memory in its native width, the only variation of the Common floating-point format that would be used would be the one where an excess-128 binary exponent occupied the last eight bits of a 32, 64, or 128 bit long floating-point number with a sign-magnitude mantissa.
	www.quadibloc.com /arch/ar0802.htm (2950 words)

	EETimes.com - Press Release - NEC Launches World's Fastest Vector Supercomputer
		Further-enhanced single-chip, vector processor The vector processor (vector and scalar units) is integrated into a single chip by applying leading-edge CMOS technology with 90-nanometer (nanometer: 10-9 meter) copper interconnects and the most advanced LSI design technology.
		Pipelines of the vector unit, the central part of a vector processor, operate at a 2GHz clock frequency, which is double the speed of the SX-6, and realize a peak vector performance of 16GFLOPS per CPU.
		Vector supercomputers deliver high performance in complex, large-scale computation, such as fluid dynamics, through the processing of array-handling with a single vector instruction.
	www.eetimes.com /showPressRelease.jhtml;jsessionid=VXH2TAFLP54FQQSNDBGCKH0CJUMEKJVN?articleID=X249290 (1048 words)

	OpenVMS System Manager's Manual
		All processors in a multiprocessing environment must be at the same hardware and firmware level to guarantee that a given processor is capable of resuming the execution thread of a process that had been executing previously on another processor in the system.
		Vector processors gain a further speed advantage over scalar processors by their use of special hardware techniques designed for the fast processing of streams of data.
		The VAX Vector Instruction Emulation Facility (VVIEF) is a standard feature of the OpenVMS operating system that allows vectorized applications to be written and debugged in a VAX system in which vector processors are not available.
	www.cuis.edu /doc_vms_html/000000/731final/6017/6017pro_108.html (2704 words)

	Vector Computing Tutorial -- General Architecture
		The vector result of a vector operation is put into a vector register before it is stored back in memory by a store vector operation; this permits it to be used in another computation without needing to be reread, and it allows the store to be overlapped by other operations.
		Another type of vector processor allows the vector operands to be fetched directly from memory to the different vector pipelines and the results to be written directly to memory; these are called memory-memory vector processors.
		For vector processors that employ chaining techniques, not only is the startup time for each operation smaller than that of a comparable memory-memory machine, but also two floating-point operations may be performed at the same time, thereby doubling the number of Mflops.
	www-ugrad.cs.colorado.edu /~csci4576/VectorArch/VectorArch.html (3924 words)

	Howstuffworks "Is it true that the Mac G4 processor is twice as fast as a Pentium III?"
		Applications must be specially coded to take advantage of the vector processor, which allows them to perform certain mathematical operations very quickly.
		A vector processor executes the same operation on multiple pieces of data at the same time.
		The Pentium III features a vector processing capability as well, but it is not as powerful.
	www.howstuffworks.com /question299.htm (543 words)

	NEC to Launch New SX Series Model, SX-8R, World's Fastest Vector Supercomputer \| NEC
		The new supercomputer contains twice as many pipelines for addition and multiplication as the SX-8 in its vector unit, the central function of a vector processor.
		NEC has already begun development of its next vector supercomputer, focusing on that of a single-chip vector processor whose performance per CPU exceeds 100GFLOPS.
		NEC has advanced its development of a next generation vector supercomputer based on a single-chip vector processor, whose peak vector performance exceeds 100GFLOPS per CPU (single core).
	www.nec.co.jp /press/en/0610/1701.html (571 words)

	CommsDesign - Finding the Right Processing Architecture for AES Encryption (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Vector Processor—Vector processors are based on a single-instruction, multple data architecture that is distinctly different than SIMD extension to scalar/superscalar processors.
		Single chip vector processors can still be low power and easy to program even with eight parallel vector units.
		From the results it was shown that running the AES encryption routine on a vector processor, such as the ChipWrights CW4011, require 530 instructions to perform the Rijndael algorithm on 128-bit blocks of data.
	www.commsdesign.com /design_corner/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=16501296 (2117 words)

	Bitboys Introduces Vector Graphics Processor for Mobile Devices at GDC - GameDev.Net Discussion Forums
		Vector graphics technology offers numerous benefits for mobile devices, including small file sizes for high-quality graphics; scalability to any display size; and lossless compression without JPEG artifacts.
		Vector graphics allow content to be always rendered to the highest possible detail and quality, while animation is easily executed and takes very little memory.
		Hardware acceleration of vector graphics is also included in the Bitboys G40, a 2D/3D/vector graphics processor introduced in August 2004 and targeted for high-end multimedia mobile phones.
	www.gamedev.net /community/forums/topic.asp?topic_id=305335 (823 words)

	Porting BDT BenchmarkTM to VIRAM
		BDT specifies that the vector length is 40 and since the maximum vector length for 16-bit operation on VIRAM is 256, the kernel is handled in one iteration through the strip-mining loop.
		When the number of remaining elements in the vector is less than the number of elements can be parallel processed (number of lanes times number of elements per lane), it may not be wise to use the vector processor since some hardware resource is wasted.
		The normalization is done by dividing each processor's cycle count on a given benchmark by the average over all processors on that benchmark.
	bwrc.eecs.berkeley.edu /people/Grad_Students/ningzh/252/report.html (2352 words)

	NE Asia Online 2006 Aug : Vector Processor Chip Adopted for Medical Imaging (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Processor technology with high parallel-processing performance, usually found only in supercomputers, has been adopted for use in the XTrillion 3.0 image processing integrated circuit (IC) for medical and industrial image processing, by TeraRecon Inc of the US (see Fig).
		Vector processor technology running multiple arithmetic logic units (ALU) in parallel is not new, but the newly-development chip operates with general-purpose dynamic random access memory (DRAM) instead of custom memory.
		Effective operation of a vector processor requires the elimination of exception processing (interrupts, branches, etc), concentrating power on data crunching.
	neasia.nikkeibp.com /neasia/004758 (609 words)

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