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| | Dharmakiirti's Refutation of Theism |
 | | Indian civilization, no less than that of the West, is haunted by the concept of God, and Indian philosophical writing, no less than the works of Aquinas, Descartes, Kant, or Hume, has as one of its important concerns the existence or nonexistence of an omniscient, eternal, independent, benevolent being who creates and/or designs the cosmos. |
 | | It undoubtedly is due to the overwhelming preference for Vedaanta among modern exponents of Indian philosophy that Indian tradition so often is presented through theistically-shaded lenses, and it is not incorrect to assert that, in general, Indian civilization has become more theistic during the same period in which the West has become less so. |
 | | Lying midway conceptually between the immanent brahman of Vedaanta and the detached, inactive supreme puru.sa of Yoga is the ii svara of Nyaaya, who is neither the material cause of the cosmos (like brahman), nor utterly non-causal (like the supreme puru.sa), but, rather, the world's shaper and arranger its efficient cause, as it were. |
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