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	Mantras - The Power of Sound in Vedic Astrology
		Mantras are considered to be divine rhymes composed by the ancient Indian saints in the divine language of Sanskrit.
		Out of the bija or root language arises the language of the Vedic texts, which is already differentiated, though not fully, into nouns and verbs.
		To introduce the reader to the Vedic mantric approach we will introduce a few important bija mantras and then the main Vedic chant, the Gayatri mantra, of twenty four syllables.
	www.howisyourdaytoday.com /Mantras.htm (553 words)

	Sanskrit - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Sanskrit language (संस्कृतं saṃskṛtam, संस्कृता वाक् saṃskṛtā vāk) is a classical language of India, a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, and one of the 22 official languages of India.
		Its pre-Classical form of Vedic Sanskrit, the liturgical language of the historical Vedic religion, is one of the earliest attested members of the Indo-European language family, with the language of the Rigveda being the oldest and most archaic stage preserved.
		Vedic Sanskrit is the language of the Vedas, a large collection of hymns, incantations, and religio-philosophical discussions which form the earliest religious texts in India and the basis for much of the Hindu religion.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sanskrit (6706 words)

	Vedic Sanskrit - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Vedic Sanskrit is the language of the Vedas, which are the earliest sacred texts of India and the Aryan people.
		Vedic Sanskrit is the oldest attested language of the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European family.
		Vedic had a subjunctive absent in Panini's grammar and generally believed to have disappeared by then at least in common sentence constructions.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vedic_Sanskrit (936 words)

	Sanskrit - LoveToKnow 1911
		None of the cognate languages exhibits in so transparent a manner as the Sanskrit the cardinal principle of Indo-Germanic wordformation by the addition of inflectional endings - either case-endings or personal terminations (themselves probably original roots) - to stems obtained, mainly by means of suffixes, from monosyllabic roots, with or without internal modifications.
		The language of the old hymns shows a considerable variety of case-forms of verbal abstract nouns with the function of infinitives, a certain number of which can still be traced back to the parent language, as, for instance, such dative forms as jiv-dse =viv-ere; sdh-adhyai = g xea0ac; da'- mane = Sopevat; da'-vane = Souvau.
		These periods partly overlap, and some of the later Vedic work are included in that period on account of the subjects with which they deal, and for their archaic style, rather than for any just claim to a higher antiquity than may have to be assigned to the oldest works of the classical Sanskrit.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Sanskrit (15980 words)

	Vedic Aryan language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Vedic is represented by earlier mantras, or verses, which consist of four Vedas, one of the most famous Indo-European epics of ancient times.
		The verb uses the subjunctive and injunctive moods (memorative - the special mood with the meaning of mentioning the action), the pluperfect which are absent in Sanskrit.
		As Vedic is the closest to Iranian languages, and as Vedas are a poetry, the language is quite similar to Avestan, and some parallel forms and combinations are amazing.
	indoeuro.bizland.com /tree/indo/vedic.html (228 words)

	Athenaeum Reading Room Dead Sanskrit was Always Dead The Anti-Sanskrit Scripture by Shyam Rao
		Sanskrit was supposedly the spoken language during the much-hyped `Golden Age of Indian Culture', the Gupta Empire, and was supposedly the vernacular during the Vedic Age.
		Vedic Languages : Rigvedic Samvedic Atharvic and Yajurvedic Brahmanic, the language of the Brahmanas Upanishadic, the language of the Upanishads North Indo-Aryan languages, eg.
		Braj buli (the language of Krishna and Matsyi (the precursor of Sauraseni).
	evans-experientialism.freewebspace.com /sanskrit_exposure.htm (11499 words)

	Vedic Ganita
		Vedic Mathematics, helped to transform the Universal set of knowledge as a speaking language and in the process itself as well stood transformed as such and assimilated its identity into the Vedas.
		The second thing which I would like to suggest is that the continuum be approached the Vedic way as manifested layers of four-folds of four consecutive space-contents and not ‘individual dimensional spacewise’ as is being attempted at present by the modern mathematics.
		Studies of mathematical basis of Vedic literature reveals that 4 and higher dimensional reality was not only known to Vedic Rishis but also put to practical use by them for organisation of pure knowledge on geometric formats, particularly, real 4, 5 and 6 space formats.
	www.vedicganita.org /transcendental.htm (4717 words)

	A Vedic Reader (Excerpts)
		THE Rigveda is undoubtedly the oldest literary monument of the Indo-European languages.
		The development of language and religious thought apparent in the extensive literature of the successive phases of these two Vedic periods renders it necessary to postulate the lapse of seven or eight centuries to account for the gradual changes, linguistic, religious, social, and political, that this literature displays.
		The conclusion from the Vedic evidence that Mitra was a solar deity, is corroborated by the Avesta and by Persian religion in general, where Mithra is undoubtedly a sun-god or a god of light specially connected with the sun.
	www.sacred-texts.com /hin/vedaread.htm (18972 words)

	RealMagick Article: The Basics of Vedic Mythology by Madhusudan Mishra (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		The Vedic language forms a chain with the isolating, agglutinative and inflexional stages of the Indus language, as proved by the march of the clause ta na Sa of the isolating Indus to the vedic root tarS (to be thirsty).
		Many Vedic words being the names of deities or other beings,however, may be traced to the clause stage, as we have seen in case of ta'nas (child) from ta na Sa (from the womb gems come out).
		As the language passed from the isolating to the inflexional stage, clauses became lexemes, and the whole culture changed from urban to pastoral, thanks to some natural cause, the prehistoric human officials of the society became superhuman beings and deities when the memory of their physical forms and qualities faded or were forgotten.
	realmagick.com /articles/59/1859.html (1371 words)

	Introduction : The Indus Language
		The grown up and later the fossilised form of this sprout is the Vedic language at the zenith of its glory, shortly after which the hymns had begun to be composed.
		A number of rare vocables of the Vedic language have been found in the form of clauses in the indus texts of the isolating stage.
		As we go deep into the Vedic language, taking its old elements to be the fossils of the earlier stage, we appear to reach Indus, almost on the point of reading and interpreting the texts of the Indus inscriptions.
	www.indusscript.com /introduction.html (1605 words)

	6.1. SOME FALSE PROBLEMS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		One of the methods used in estimating the age of the fragmentation of PIE into the IE language groups is, or rather was, glottochronology, an extrapolation of the observed rate of change in languages onto the preliterate past.
		Languages develop slower or faster depending on the cultural changes in the speech community, on the rate of contact with other languages, and on purely random factors.
		This would mean that Vedic culture had spread as much to the west as we know it has spread to the east and south, and that a part of western Iran (well before its iranianization) was as much part of Greater India as Kerala or Bali became in later centuries.
	www.bharatvani.org /books/ait/ch61.htm (2453 words)

	Languages Books - Discover Languages Books At Vedic Books - Books From India Direct!
		Languages such as Hindi and so forth are used by much of India's population and most of the languages in modern India are derived from Sanskrit.
		It is this discovery that contributed to the study of the comparative philology of the Indo-European languages and eventually the whole science of...
		The present Dictionary is a pratical exercise in word-compilation to facilitate the study of the Sanskrit language.
	www.vedicbooks.net /languages-c-78.html (1639 words)

	EJVS 7-3.htm
		The older languages of an area, even when they are no longer spoken, continue to influence the younger languages as substrates, not in the least in their sound system; new, dominant classes influence the language of the conquered as superstrates in many ways.
		Autochthonists further neglect that language replacement, such as visible during the Vedic period, depends on a range of various socio-linguistic factors and not simply on the presence of nomads, increasing population density, etc. Rather, the situation differs from case to case, and the important factors for any particular replacement must be demonstrated.
		For example, the famous Satem innovations all are limited to the IE languages in the east of the IE settlement area, with the exception of the (western-type) Centum language Tocharian, which actually is the easternmost IE language, in China (Xinjiang; to which add the Bangani substrate).
	www.people.fas.harvard.edu /~witzel/EJVS-7-3.htm (17476 words)

	The Myth of Aryan Invasion of India
		However in Vedic literature Aryan is not the name of the Vedic people and their descendants.
		Such a monolithic group is incompatible with the image of the Aryans as nomads, who as a scattered and disorganized group could not have had such a uniform idea of their own identity and been able to impose it upon a larger population of more civilized peoples.
		We should note that Vedic literature, with its many Gods and Goddesses who can be identified freely with one another (what Max Muller called henotheism), is clearly the product of a pluralistic culture and world view, not that of a monolithic culture (which Hinduism has never produced in the historical period either).
	www.geocities.com /eternalveda/page6.html (767 words)

	Books By David Frawley - The River Of Heaven - Sanskrit - Vedic And Classical Sanskrit
		The classical language is often highly intellectual and though much more profound than other languages seldom has the richness and creativity of the Vedic.
		Hence for really learning Sanskrit or the language of mantra it is important to study the Vedic language.
		In it is perhaps the key to all language and to the thought process of the Divine Mind.
	www.hindubooks.org /david_frawley/riverheaven/sanskrit/vedic_and_classic.htm (275 words)

	BPrasad's Blog : The Vedic Age, BPrasad blogs on sulekha, Indology blogs, BPrasad blog from india
		The Vedic language is substantially different from the Sanskrit described by Panini in the Ashtadhyayi, which itself differs from later Sanskrit.
		Sanskrit is clearly an Indo-European language, but it exhibits several characteristics not found in the other languages of this group; the obvious examples are the retroflex n and l, and the circumflex a even in its most ancient form, the Vedic.
		Both in Vedic and later times, and certainly during the time of the Mahabharata, it was the most important and holiest of all Indian rivers, and the Brahmavarta was clearly the most densely settled region of India.
	www.sulekha.com /expressions/column.asp?cid=305894 (2472 words)

	Michael Witzel and his ignorance of Sayana and Panini
		Michael Witzel, Harvard University, has stated, “That Vedic language, like all others, did change from the Rigveda to the Upanishads” …… He further continues, “The Rigveda has many grammatical forms that had simply disappeared by the time of Panini.
		Witzel tells his readers, in unambiguous language, that Panini and Sayana are ignorant of several Vedic grammatical forms of which the Rigvedic passage – bracketed in the above citation – illustrates one.
		Instances of Panini noticing the peculiarities of the Vedic language are too numerous.
	www.bharatvani.org /indology/philology.html (2137 words)

	Spirituality, Hinduism, Vedic Linguistics or The Vedic Science of Language
		Vedic, Hindu or yogic linguistics or science of language is quite
		The Vedic language itself was called meter or Chandas.
		For a study of Indian civilization, it is important to examine such Indic studies of language and not simply look at language in terms of western linguistics.
	1stholistic.com /prayer/Hindu/hol_Hindu-vedic-linguistics.htm (408 words)

	Looking for its roots: Punjabi language
		The followers of the second theory also consider modern languages of the subcontinent as the Indo-Aryan languages with one difference that these languages directly emerged from the Vedic language.
		Since Rig Veda came into being in Punjab, this group maintains, that the Vedic language gave birth to Punjabi, and not Sanskrit, whose origin is shrouded in uncertainty.
		That is why the conquerors and the conquered lived side by side using their respective languages and freely borrowing words from each other as they needed to fit their needs of coexistence.
	www.apnaorg.com /articles/shahid (1234 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		In short, we get an imagined proto-language of Harappan times that looks vaguely like Vedic Sanskrit as far as its roots (dhAtu) are concerned, but that does not yet have its affixes (prefixes, suffixes, infixes).
		Of course, Mishra's Harappan is quite different from Rajaram's and Jha's "late Vedic" Indus language (Delhi 2000, see Frontline, Oct. 13, 2000), that they based on their own particular "reading" of the same Indus seals.
		Mishra's view, in fact, is based on the typical late 19th/early 20th century Darwinistic vision and strict division of the world's languages into isolating, agglutinative and flexional, with an assumed development from 'primitive' isolating (e.g., Chinese) towards 'fully developed' flexional languages (such as Indo-European, Semitic).
	nautilus.shore.net /~india/ejvs/ejvs0701/ejvs0701.txt (1630 words)

	Vedic Books: Amazing books from India direct! -
		It might be snowing in Johannesburg, South Africa this month (a very rare occurance indeed!), but if you had a good library of Sanskrit books to study this magical and marvelous language, you would probably not even notice as Sanskrit is a deeply absorbing and transforming subject to study.
		We decided at Vedic Books this would be a good time to plant trees in India and we initiated a beautiful project to plant 1 tree for each order placed from Vedic Books.
		This is in honour of trees who give their lives somewhere to become the books we offer to you and the world.
	www.vedicbooks.net (1017 words)

	Realization.org: Sanskrit language texts
		A Concise Elementary Grammar of the Sanskrit Language.
		This 152-page primer is an extremely basic outline of the language designed for those who prefer succinct treatment of grammar without cultural material.
		The best place to begin a study of Vedic language; may be used in conjunction with Macdonell's Vedic reference grammar (see reference grammar section).
	www.realization.org /page/doc0/doc0078.htm (1721 words)

	Page 2
		Sanskrit is for all intents and purposes, a dead language.
		Vedic and Puranic theories of Indian history and civilization.
		languages as spoken by the common man in India.
	www.proudblackbuddhist.org /Sanskrit_Artif/Page_2x.html (2365 words)

	SANSKRIT
		Further study of classical grammar; introduction to classical literature and Vedic language and texts.
		Introduction to the study of inscriptions and other original documents in Sanskrit and Prakrit languages and in Kharosthi, Brahmi, and derived scripts.
		Prerequisite: ability to study sources in the original languages, an introduction to Buddhist thought, and permission of instructor.
	www.washington.edu /students/crscat/sanskrit.html (472 words)

	VEDA - Vedas and Vedic Knowledge Online - Vedic Encyclopedia, Bhakti-yoga in vedas, Library
		Vedic culture, based on Vedic scriptures (sastras) called Vedas, flourished all over the ancient world with center in India, formerly known as Bharata-varsa.
		Although there are many different encyclopedias, until now there has been no encyclopedia focused on Vedic culture and available to wide public (if we don't take into account several dictionaries and encyclopedias published in India and used mainly by scholars).
		Because Vedas are vast and variegated, VEDA specifically focuses on Gaudiya Vaishnava Vedanta, the cream of Vedic philosophy, expounded by Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, avatar of this Kali age, and brought to the West by its foremost recent exponent Sri Srimad A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada.
	veda.harekrsna.cz (577 words)

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		, from whom I had the immense good fortune of directly imbibing the remarkable Systems Approach to Vedic astrology in all its entirety & down to its subtle intricacies.
		as well as to many other Vedic astrologers ancient & contemporary - as it was their works which had initially kindled these research studies in Vedic Astrology.
	www.hinduworldastrology.net (209 words)

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