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	PHIL 242: Supplemental Notes on Rawls
		Rawls claims that whatever principles of justice that would be chosen by a group of people under a veil of ignorance, would be the correct principles of justice.
		This is because people under the veil of ignorance could not be influenced by personal bias, since they knew nothing about themselves on which they could base such a bias.
		No one under the veil of ignorance would choose to disadvantage any particular group (such as fls) because they could not be sure that they themselves were not a member of that group.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /courses/ebarnes/242/242-sup-rawls.htm (1474 words)

	John Rawls (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The veil of ignorance is a concept used by Rawls to arrive at the two principles of justice.
		The veil of ignorance requires that when people decide on the principles of justice they are not aware of their specific set of circumstances.
		The aim of invoking the idea of the veil of ignorance is to use it as a test for the fairness of the principles of justice.
	www.1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/j/jo/john_rawls.html (1770 words)

	Yale Law Journal \| A. Vermeule, Veil of Ignorance Rules in Constitutional Law
		John Rawls coined the phrase “veil of ignorance” to describe a hypothetical original position in which principles of justice are chosen under precisely this constraint.
		Veil rules that appear in actual constitutions, then, more often adopt a second method for introducing uncertainty: Although the decisionmaker knows or can guess whether she will occupy A’s or B’s position, the rule introduces uncertainty about whether A or B will reap the greater gains from the decision.
		By speaking of veil rules in constitutions, I mean to pose a very different question than the one pursued in the standard discussions of the veil of ignorance.
	www.yalelawjournal.org /archive_abstract.asp?id=285 (1237 words)

	Original position - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the state of nature, it might be argued that certain persons (the strong and talented) would have an advantage over others (the weak and disabled) by virtue of the fact that the stronger and more talented would fare better in the state of nature.
		In the original position, representatives of citizens are placed behind a veil of ignorance, depriving the representatives of information about the morally irrelevant characteristics of the citizens they represent.
		In addition, it is frequently argued that the veil of ignorance imposes the impossible burden that persons deliberate without the attributes that make them capable of choice.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Veil_of_ignorance (675 words)

	14-17 May: The veil of ignorance argument (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The idea is that the parties behind the veil of ignorance are constrained so that their decisions will be fair ones: everyone's interests are represented and the decision cannot be biased in anyone's favor.
		The claim that the parties behind the veil of ignorance would choose to maximize QALYs depends on the claim that there is only one rational way for the parties to make their decisions: maximize expected utility.
		The external objection maintains that decisions from behind a veil of ignorance are not guaranteed to be fair because the parties might, if they were asked, decide to institute slavery.
	humanities.uchicago.edu /faculty/mgreen/MedEthicsSp99/Notes/rVeil.html (521 words)

	Original Position (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		This restriction on their reasoning is embodied, picturesquely, in Rawls's so-called veil of ignorance, which occludes information, for instance, about principals’ age, sex, religious beliefs, etc. Once this information about principals is unavailable to their agents, the plurality of interested parties disappears, and the problem of choice is rendered determinate.
		Working within the framework defined by the veil of ignorance and derived from this widely shared concept of justice, rational calculators choose principles of justice on the basis of their fiduciary duty to the concrete individuals whom they represent.
		The veil of ignorance is of importance in this context.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/original-position (3633 words)

	Rawls (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The original position and the veil of ignorance, combined with some assumptions about individuals, are Rawls’ tools for getting to these general, universal principles.
		The “veil of ignorance” is useful to Rawls for two reasons.
		Rawls asks, "What principles of justice would rational individuals operating behind a veil of ignorance choose?" He thinks that the principles chosen from behind the veil will reflect as pure or "neutral" a sense of justice as we are likely to find.
	www.ups.edu /faculty/sousa/pg317/Rawls.htm (1309 words)

	Veil of ignorance -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The veil of ignorance is a concept introduced by (Click link for more info and facts about John Rawls) John Rawls in (Click link for more info and facts about A Theory of Justice) A Theory of Justice.
		For example, in the imaginary society, you might not be intelligent, nor would you have a good sense of humor.
		The veil of ignorance is part of the long tradition of thinking in terms of a (An implicit agreement among people that results in the organization of society; individual surrenders liberty in return for protection) social contract.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/v/ve/veil_of_ignorance.htm (369 words)

	AcademicDB - The "Veil of Ignorance"
		Thus in an effort to test the reflective equilibrium, or lack thereof, between the general and the specific, he embodied this concept in the "veil of ignorance".
		Thus the idea that the "veil of ignorance" appears to be faulty in that it makes an inaccurate assumption regarding a concept of communal justice.
		The "veil of ignorance" implicitly indicates that people, provided they are rational, are equal.
	www.academicdb.com /veil_ignorance_14839 (318 words)

	ISRC -BOOKS
		That means when the veil of ignorance is torn off, avidya and vidya are both gone.
		Ignorance is in fact the highest pitch of knowledge.
		That comes to mean that we start from the level of ignorance and finally end in a state of higher ignorance (or complete ignorance s I call it).
	www.sriramchandra.org /books/Chapter.asp?book=PG&chap=18 (462 words)

	The Veil Taken Away
		The veil of the tabernacle was then more a curtain, or rather four curtains sewed one over the other, than what we understand by the word veil.
		And thus, by the veil upon the heart, we are to understand a covering, or curtain, so dense, thick, and closely-knit, as to exclude all light from penetrating through it; not merely shutting out the person from seeing, but also shutting out the person from being seen.
		As a man begins to see these things, the veil is in a measure beginning to be removed; he begins to see eternal things in a clearer light, and as the veil thins away, to feel them with a more powerful life.
	www.gracegems.org /Philpot/veil_taken_away.htm (4271 words)

	Richard Epstein on John Rawls on National Review Online
		His major device was the "veil of ignorance," which has a certain kinship to Adam Smith's notion of the "impartial spectator" developed at length in The Theory of Moral Sentiments.
		The veil of ignorance was the rhetorical phrase that he used to capture that sense of remote impartiality.
		Behind the veil, there is a clear difference between ordinary contracts for the sale of goods, and contracts between two or more sellers to restrain the sale of a given commodity; one situation produces higher levels of goods and services than the other.
	www.nationalreview.com /comment/comment-epstein112702.asp (1901 words)

	The Veil of Ignorance
		Behind such a veil of ignorance all individuals are simply specified as rational, free, and morally equal beings.
		Thus, the key is that people make decisions based on what is good for their community as a whole, and without regard to their own self-interest (since they operate behind a veil of ignorance and don't know enough about what would benefit them).
		I think that increasingly the veil of ignorance is being lifted, and special interest groups are able to rapidly assess legislative impact and to detour or shape the legislation for their benefit.
	radio.weblogs.com /0104634/stories/2002/07/18/theVeilOfIgnorance.html (419 words)

	Legal Theory Lexicon: 10/01/2003 - 10/31/2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		For example, you might be thinking that from behind the veil of ignorance, you might reject the rule that makes the defendant pay if the plaintiff wins but does not make the plaintiff pay if the defendant wins.
		That's because when we use the veil to compare legal rules, we almost always employ a much thinner veil of ignorance--taking people more or less as they are, concealing only information about their relative positions with respect to the legal dispute (or general class of legal disputes) at hand.
		Behind the veil of ignorance, you don't know who you are, and therefore, you will take the interests of all persons into account.
	legaltheorylexicon.blogspot.com /2003_10_01_legaltheorylexicon_archive.html (6386 words)

	Your queries... our answers- Queries answered by one who Realized God in 1993 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The concept of Maya (veil of ignorance) as advocated and preached by Adi Shankaracharya is an irrefutable fact.
		It is only the veil of ignorance, the concept of Maya (veil of ignorance) in Hinduism which makes a human being believe in the fact that the world and the cosmos is for real whereas it is just like passing through a dreamy state by God, the Almighty Creator.
		The concept of an Atman (the soul within) every body, the doctrine of Maya (veil of ignorance) as advocated by Adi Shankaracharya and the theory of the cosmos that the whole system of God exists without a boundary are interlinked.
	vijay-kumar.blogspot.com (2858 words)

	Cardinal Collective (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		So the veil of ignorance is useful for illustrating what is special about those few things we all agree on, but it isn't very helpful for serious analysis, or for reaching new conclusions (or, for that matter, for the task Rawls turned it toward).
		But the more important thing he highlights is that the veil of ignorance is precisely structured (in Rawls and often elsewhere) to get rid of those moral arguments that one doesn't like.
		The benefit of the veil is that, since no one has any different attributes behind the veil, they should all be able to come to an agreement about the just society.
	cardinalcollective.blogspot.com /2003_10_26_cardinalcollective_archive.html (5545 words)

	Crescat Sententia: October 19, 2003 Archives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The basic idea of the veil of ignorance (as you will have read by now) is that you should set up the rules of a society with an ignorance of which role in that society you will occupy.
		The veil of ignorance implicitly assumes (I think) that we all share some basic understanding of justice, and some basic attitude toward risk and toward one another.
		In other words, the veil of ignorance largely only lets us get back from it what we have already taken behind it, whether that is a fundamental agreement or a fundamental disagreement.
	www.crescatsententia.org /archives/2003_10_19.html (4085 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Rawls encounters the unencumbered self in proposing both the veil of ignorance and the difference principle; both separate the subject from the attributes and ends of the subject.
		Rawls returns to the veil of ignorance to distinguish who we truly are, the entity behind the veil, distinct from our attributes and desires in front of the veil.
		The veil of ignorance is a fantastic way of determining which political philosophies to employ as a nation-state, but Rawls has not adequately proven that prosperity is only a function of one’s fortune.
	www.duke.edu /~skm9/socpol_unencumeredself.doc (2061 words)

	Will Wilkinson / The Fly Bottle: Behind the Veils
		Glen Whitman asks whether Buchanan and Tullock "scooped" Rawls and his device of a "veil of ignorance" by introducing the device of a "veil of uncertainty" into their contractarian choice procedure in the Calculus of Consent.
		They are not cited when the veil of ignorance is introduced, however.
		But then again, the kernal of the veil of ignorance is there in impartial spectator theories, and in the categorical imperative.
	www.willwilkinson.net /flybottle/archives/2005/10/behind_the_veil.html (761 words)

	www.sitdiary.net/stasis Immovable (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Rawls had been the first to introduce the idea of the ‘veil of ignorance’ so he was careful to also cover arguments against complete ignorance; he presupposes that each person at this deliberation would have some knowledge of the circumstances of justice and some knowledge of psychology and economics (van Roojen 2004).
		It is not beneficial for those behind the veil to expect dissatisfaction because that would be counterproductive to their goal of justice.
		Therefore, not only would those behind the ‘veil’ not care about objections of hypothetical envy, but they would agree that they furthered their cause of justice by developing and accepting principles of justice through unequivocally just means such as equal representation and deliberation.
	sitdiary.net /stasis?cmd=view_entry&eid=381 (1458 words)

	[No title]
		While women's human rights activists in the Muslim world are, in the words of Madhavi Sunder, "piercing the veil" of religion and culture as justifications to deny these women their rights, this Article suggests that American women lift the veil which cloaks cultural assumptions underlying U.S. resistance to ratify CEDAW.
		At the same time, the veil signifies a need for criticism and revision of the international human rights framework to realize process—oriented principles concerning transparency and women’s participation in the making, implementation and interpretation of human rights law.
		At the same time, however, the veil of ignorance is a hypothetical construct, and we have no actual veil of ignorance in the real world.
	www.law.georgetown.edu /LegalTheory/documents/PowellPaper.doc (9882 words)

	stratprof: Beyond the veil of ignorance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Video Enabled Invisible Light (VEIL) is the technology that the current generation of toymakers are using to develop the next generation of toys.
		Just hide the VEIL enabled snake under the settee and when Jon Snow reads the Channel 4 news it slithers in a horribly realistic wayand those scenes in horror movies will unexpectedly turn all the lights out and cause the windows to open and the stereo to emit a ghostly wailing sound.
		Combine VEIL with RFID and the possibility of something jumping off the shelf at you becomes irresistible — and with personalisation the possibilities become surreally awesome.
	www.20six.co.uk /weblogEntry/1kqx1616ih5x6 (382 words)

	99:2 Newsletter on Teaching Philosophy - Article - Heikes
		My solution to the problem of explaining the veil of ignorance has been to develop an exercise that attempts to mimic the conditions of the veil.
		To the extent that it is possible to create a hypothetical state of affairs, I try to recreate the veil of ignorance within the classroom and then ask the students what fundamental principles they want their society to follow.
		Since Rawls believes that any person behind the veil of ignorance will arrive at the same conception of justice as every other person, this willingness to wager everything eliminates the possibility of achieving Rawls’s unanimous agreement.
	www.apa.udel.edu /apa/publications/newsletters/v99n2/teaching/article-heikes.asp (1769 words)

	advaita vedanta - Maya veil of ignorance Vedant Philosophy
		The concept of Maya Veil of Ignorance as advocated and preached by Adi Shankaracharya is an irrefutable fact.
		It is only the veil of ignorance, the concept of Maya (Veil of Ignorance in Hinduism) that makes a human being believe that the World and the cosmos is for real whereas it is just like passing through a dreamy state by God Almighty.
		The concept of an atman the soul within every body, the doctrine of Maya Veil of Ignorance as advocated by Adi Shankaracharya and the theory of the cosmos that the whole system of God exists without a boundary are interlinked.
	www.vijaykumar.org /advaita_vedanta.html (2764 words)

	Veil of Illusion
		Veil of Illusion is nothing else but the Veil of ignorance, ignorance of SELF.
		Removing the veil of ignorance means realizing that we are a part of God.
		The life of a person, who has succeeded in removing the veil of ignorance, changes.
	www.sikhreview.org /july2002/youth.htm (1267 words)

	Rawls' "Veil of Ignorance" :: Free Essays and Term Papers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Rawls' "Veil of Ignorance" Rawls theory of justice revolves around the adaptation of two fundamental principles of justice which would, in turn, guarantee a just and morally acceptable society.
		He introduces a theoretical "veil of ignorance" in which all the "players" in the social game would be placed in a situation which is called the "original position".
		What the "veil of ignorance" brings out is that we can accept utilitarianism as a public conception of justice only if we are prepared to let someone be subject to conditions we would not be prepared to subject ourselves.
	www.ez-essays.com /free/2288.html (956 words)

	LRB \| Jeremy Waldron : The Plight of the Poor in the Midst of Plenty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Very crudely, Rawls's veil of ignorance idea is that one should choose principles for this kind of circumstance as though one did not know how they would impact on one's particular situation.
		Once that shift in presentation had taken place, then the veil of ignorance could be introduced (by 1967, at the latest) simply as a way of modelling explicitly the requirement of general acceptability.
		I suspect that in fact the veil of ignorance is dispensable, provided that the contract idea remains firm.
	www.lrb.co.uk /v21/n14/wald01_.html (3125 words)

	Removing voters' 'veil of ignorance' - The Daily Texan - Opinion
		According to Rawls, the appropriate position to take when judging a distribution of goods is that of a selfish person who has had any specific knowledge of her actual situation (attributes, skills, education, etc.) wiped from her brain.
		Behind this "veil of ignorance," the individual would recognize that, no matter who she turned out to be, she was likely to get more of what she wanted if the entire supply of goods was to expand.
		Since the veil of ignorance would preclude her ability to construct social arrangements tailored to benefit her specifically, she would have little choice but to require that, in Rawls's most famous formulation, "social and economic inequalities be arranged to the...
	www.dailytexanonline.com /news/2004/09/14/Opinion/Removing.Voters.veil.Of.Ignorance-718027.shtml (667 words)

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