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Topic: Vein of Galen

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	Vein of Galen - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The vein of Galen (VG), also known as the great cerebral vein, is one of the large blood vessels in the skull draining the cerebrum (brain).
		It is prone to congenital defects, such as vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations (VGAM) and vein of Galen aneurysmal dilation (VGAD).
		VEINS: axillary - brachial - radial - ulnar - median cubital - basilic - cephalic
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vein_of_Galen (330 words)

	Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
		Prenatal diagnosis of arteriovenous malformation of the vein of Galen.
		Spontaneous thrombosis of vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation.
		Spontaneous thrombosis of a vein of Galen aneurysm.
	www.bioline.org.br /request?ni04012 (5037 words)

	TheFetus.net - Vein of Galen aneurysm-Vincenzo Suma, MD, Alberto Marini, MD, Onofrio S. Saia, MD, Luca Rigobello, MD
		Synonyms: Ectasia or varix of the vein of Galen.
		MESH Cerebral veins; vein of Galen BDE 0186 ICD9 747.81 CDC 747.810
		Phillips SJ, Dooley JM, Camfield PR: Vein of Galen malformation with cerebral calcification: a reversible cause of neurodegenerative disease.
	www.thefetus.net /page.php?id=139 (2958 words)

	ACR Learning File Web
		Aneurysmal dilation of the vein of Galen secondary to AV fistulae (vein of Galen aneurysm).
		Vein of Galen aneurysm, although a widely used term, is somewhat misleading because this is NOT a real aneurysm; rather, it reflects arteriovenous fistulae draining into the Galenic system.
		On ultrasound study, the dilated vein of Galen appears as a lobulated or spherical cystic mass, posterior to the third ventricle, connecting to the straight sinus.
	www.learningfile.com /learning_file/viewcase.php?section=nu&case_num=316 (719 words)

	Galen and his system
		Galen’s insistence that the vein on the right must be used is an anachronism from the days when there was a special hepatic vein in the right arm; perhaps the divine Hippocrates believed it.
		Galen was well aware that there were interconnections between all the veins, as are there between the furrows in the garden, but prompt results were desired; no gardener, after all, would open the furrow at G when the land at E need draining.
		Galen thinks that the trunks continue through the vena cava and down the arms (modern basilic vein), and at the bend of the elbow they meet, via the median cubital, the cephalic veins, which he says arise from a branch of the subclavian.
	filebox.vt.edu /users/qizhu/galen.htm (6055 words)

	Endovascular Management of Vein of Galen Aneurysmal Malformations Presenting in the Neonatal Period -- Mitchell et al. ...
		the falcine sinus from the median vein of the prosencephalon,
		Vein of Galen malformation: prenatal diagnosis and noninvasive procedure.
		Prenatal Sonographic Diagnosis of a Vein of Galen Aneurysmal Malformation in a Twin
	www.ajnr.org /cgi/content/full/22/7/1403 (3906 words)

	Clinical course and medical management of neonates with severe cardiac failure related to vein of Galen malformation -- ...
		with symptomatic vein of Galen malformations in the neonatal
		Aneurysm of the vein of Galen and cardiac insufficiency.
		Prognosis of antenatally diagnosed vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations.
	fn.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/87/2/F144 (3268 words)

	Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body. Page 653 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The basal vein passes backward around the cerebral peduncle, and ends in the internal cerebral vein (vein of Galen); it receives tributaries from the interpeduncular fossa, the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle, the hippocampal gyrus, and the mid-brain.
		cerebri internæ; veins of Galen; deep cerebral veins) drain the deep parts of the hemisphere and are two in number; each is formed near the interventricular foramen by the union of the terminal and choroid veins.
		565), formed by the union of the two internal cerebral veins, is a short median trunk which curves backward and upward around the splenium of the corpus callosum and ends in the anterior extremity of the straight sinus.
	www.bartleby.com /107/pages/page653.html (360 words)

	VII. The Veins. 3b. 5. The Sinuses of the Dura Mater. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body.
		The superior sagittal sinus receives the superior cerebral veins, veins from the diploë and dura mater, and, near the posterior extremity of the sagittal suture, veins from the pericranium, which pass through the parietal foramina.
		The principal emissary veins are the following: (1) A mastoid emissary vein, usually present, runs through the mastoid foramen and unites the transverse sinus with the posterior auricular or with the occipital vein.
		(8) An internal carotid plexus of veins traverses the carotid canal and unites the cavernous sinus with the internal jugular vein.
	www.bartleby.com /107/171.html (1806 words)

	VII. The Veins. 3b. 4. The Veins of the Brain. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The veins of the brain possess no valves, and their walls, owing to the absence of muscular tissue, are extremely thin.
		They open into the superior sagittal sinus; the anterior veins runs nearly at right angles to the sinus; the posterior and larger veins are directed obliquely forward and open into the sinus in a direction more or less opposed to the current of the blood contained within it.
		It is connected (a) with the superior sagittal sinus by the great anastomotic vein of Trolard, which opens into one of the superior cerebral veins; (b) with the transverse sinus by the posterior anastomotic vein of Labbé, which courses over the temporal lobe.
	www.bartleby.com /107/170.html (653 words)

	Congenital cardiac anomalies with vein of Galen malformations in infants -- McElhinney et al. 78 (6): 548 -- Archives ...
		Congenital cardiac anomalies with vein of Galen malformations in infants
		Vein of Galen malformations are the most common form of symptomatic cerebrovascular malformation in neonates and infants.
		with vein of Galen malformations and congenital cardiovascular
	adc.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/78/6/548 (2005 words)

	Indian Pediatrics - Editorial
		Malformations involving the vein of Galen are rare congenital connections occurring between intracranial arteries (usually thalamo-perforator, choroidal and anterior cerebral arteries) and the vein of Galen or other primitive midline vein.
		Over 90% of the vein of Galen varices fall into choroidal malformations group which are arteriovenous connections in the anterior wall of the prosencephalic vein supplied by a plethora of vessels.
		On neuroimaging, vein of Galen malforma-tions appear as large masses in the posterior incisural region, sometimes extending rostrally and anteriorly displacing the third ventricle.
	www.indianpediatrics.net /mar2002/mar-307-308.htm (392 words)

	Vascular Malformations of the CNS
		The "crown" of veins that converge onto the connecting trunk are "collecting veins" that drain the capillaries from the affected volume.
		However, unlike the dural sinuses (and unlike systemic veins elsewhere in the body) the vein of Galen is unsupported by surrounding tissue, lacks a fibrous wall, and is instead free within the fluid of the quadrigeminal plate cistern.
		Because the vein of Galen is such a large vascular channel, unsupported by surrounding tissue, any increase in venous pressure results in a dilatation of the vein - often converting its normal cylindrical shape into a sphere - hence the nickname "vein of Galen Aneurysm".
	rad.usuhs.mil /rad/home/vascmalf/malf0.html (1861 words)

	Vein of Galen Aneurysmal Malformation: Antenatal MRI Maheshwari PR, Pungavkar SA, Narkhede P, Patkar DP J Postgrad Med
		Aneurysmal malformation of the vein of Galen was suspected.
		The diagnosis of vein of Galen malformation was confirmed.
		Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations (VGAM) are rare congenital vascular malformations characterised by shunting of the arterial flow into an enlarged cerebral vein dorsal to the tectum.
	www.jpgmonline.com /article.asp?issn=0022-3859;year=2003;volume=49;issue=4;spage=350;epage=351;aulast=Maheshwari (826 words)

	Vein of Galen Malformations
		The capillaries which normally connect arteries to veins and function to slow blood flow allowing for the drop off of oxygen and nutrients to the brain are missing.
		Since vein of Galen malformations lack capillaries, blood flow can be fast and this in turn increases the work of the heart.
		Blood drainage is towards a single deep draining vein which becomes markedly enlarged (vein of Galen aneurysm).
	brainavm.uhnres.utoronto.ca /malformations/content/Vein_of_Galen_Malformations.html (539 words)

	Radiology, University of Rochester Medical Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Etiology: Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations probably represent an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) in the wall of a persistent embryonic vascular channel called the median prosencephalic vein [3, 4].
		A caudal remnant remains as the vein of Galen [6].
		The falcine sinus is a primitive channel that connects the vein of Galen into the superior sagittal sinus coursing posterior superiorly within the falx cerebri.
	www.urmc.rochester.edu /smd/Rad/neurocases/Neurocase06.htm (1047 words)

	Types of AVM - Institute for Neurology & Neurosurgery
		This abnormality, like Vein of Galen Malformations (VGMs), is caused by abnormal connections between the artery and vein.
		AVMs may be treated by embolization through the artery (not the vein), neurosurgical removal using a microscope, or focused radiation (aka-stereotactic radiosurgery).
		Arteriovenous malformations are short circuits between the arteries and veins with no capillaries in between to slow the blood flow and carry out the normal cellular processes.
	nyneurosurgery.org /adult_avm_type.htm (1276 words)

	The Jakarta Post - The Journal of Indonesia Today
		Ina was later transferred to the Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Central Jakarta, where neurologists confirmed she suffered from vein of galen malformation.
		It means the accumulation of blood in her brain had developed into a mass the size of a tiny ball, further pushing her left eye outward.
		Vein of galen malformation is a very rare condition in Indonesia.
	www.thejakartapost.com /yesterdaydetail.asp?fileid=20021201.D02 (684 words)

	NeoReviews -- Visual Diagnosis Case Experts Analysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		In the neonatal and infantile age groups, the most common type of arteriovenous malformation in the brain is the vein of Galen malformation (VGM).
		The essential feature of the VGM is aneurysmal dilation of the venous structure generally characterized as the vein of Galen (although careful anatomic studies have suggested that the median prosencephalic vein of Markowski, a transitory venous structure that normally disappears by the 11th week of gestation, is the vein involved).
		The aneurysmally dilated vein presents as a large echolucent region in the region of the vein of Galen.
	neoreviews.aappublications.org /case6/experts.htm (1087 words)

	uhrad.com - Neuroradiology Imaging Teaching Files (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The location is extra-axial, with prominent dilatation of the Vein of Galen, the straight sinus, the confluence of sinuses, transverse sinuses, and the sigmoid sinus.
		MRA of the cerebral vessels display a prominent Vein of Galen with multiple arteries leading to the malformation.
		The first type, which this case displays, is due to single or multiple arteries (usually choroidal or quadrigeminal arteries) flowing directly into the vein of Galen, resulting in a shunt that leads to high-flow congestive heart failure.
	www.uhrad.com /mriarc/mri078.htm (188 words)

	VASCULAR SYSTEM - Online Information article about VASCULAR SYSTEM
		These are the vitelline veins, which, as they pass towards the caudal end of the embryo, become the two primitive aortae, and these fuse later on to form the heart.
		He showed that the pores of Galen, in the septum between the ventricles, did not exist, so that there could be no communication between the right and left sides of the heart, except by the pulmonary circulation.
		anastomosis to the venal artery (pulmonary vein), which tends towards the left ventricle of the heart, and air, being in the meantime transmitted through the channels of the aspera arteria (trachea and bronchial tubes), which are extended near the venal artery, yet not communicating with the See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /VAN_VIR/VASCULAR_SYSTEM.html (5164 words)

	Galen on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Galen Holdings PLC Results for the Second Quarter and Half-Year Ended 31 March 2004.
		Galen Jackman, and Queen Sonya of Norway participate in a wreath-laying ceremony at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Arlington National Cemetery, Arl
		Galen Stone Hall, built in 1927, served as the girls' dormitory at Palmer Memorial Institute in Sedalia, North Carolina.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/G/Galen.asp (747 words)

	Stanford Hospital And Clinics - Stanford University Medical Center - Diseases We Treat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Dural arteriovenous fistulae are blood vessels that represent abnormal connections between arteries veins that are found in the covering of the brain.
		The Vein of Galen malformation is a congenital communication between arteries and veins.
		In general, the treatment of this disease depends upon the size of the Vein of Galen malformation and the symptoms experienced by the patient.
	www.stanfordhospital.com /clinicsmedServices/medicalServices/interventionalNeuroradiology/interventionalNeuroRadDiseases.html (2435 words)

	ACR Learning File Web
		Nonenhanced CT scan (Image 1) demonstrates some effacement of the basal cisterns and abnormally increased density in the vein of Galen, straight sinus and superior sagittal sinus (SSS).
		Contrast-enhanced CT shows filling defects in the vein of Galen, straight sinus and SSS (the SSS filling defect is a classical "empty delta sign"), surrounded by enhancement in the vessel/sinus wall or residual lumen.
		Intracranial hemorrhage, cerebral edema, venous infarction, visualization of medullary veins, and diffuse gyral enhancement are often reported CT signs, in addition to the "empty delta" sign.
	www.learningfile.com /learning_file/viewcase.php?section=nu&case_num=324 (513 words)

	Vein of Galen Technique for Occluding the Aneurysmal Sac of Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations -- Tal et al. 13 ...
		Vein of Galen Technique for Occluding the Aneurysmal Sac of Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations -- Tal et al.
		In the venous phase, accurate measurements of the diameter of the pulmonary vein and aneurysmal sac are calculated.
		100-mm vein of Galen coils and six complex helical coils with maximum diameters of 17 mm have been deployed into the sac.
	www.jvir.org /cgi/content/full/13/12/1261 (1686 words)

	ICP monitors
		The internal cerebral veins are grouped with the ventricular veins and the basal vein of Rosenthal with the cisternal veins because of primary drainage territories.)
		The thalamostriate vein is usually the largest; formed by the union of the terminal vein (beneath stria terminalis between thalamus and body of caudate) and the anterior caudate veins that drain the head of the caudate.
		Microsurgical anatomy of the veins of the posterior fossa.
	www.ucsf.edu /nreview/02.3-Anatomy-Vascular/VenousSystem.html (1696 words)

	Vein of Galen Aneurysms
		Since the size and number of perpendicular crossings of primitive arteries and veins are greatest near the relatively massive embryonic choroid plexuses, niduses of most angiomas are thus deeply situated.
		Usually, the angioma is situated in the medial posterior hemispheres, the superior cerebellum, the brain stem, or the deep ganglionic structures.
		• For primary vein of Galen aneurysms, the fistula must be obliterated; the sac need not be excised unless a mass effect is to be reduced.
	www.ucsf.edu /nreview/05-Vascular/VofGalenAneurysm.html (706 words)

	Pulmonary vein - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The pulmonary veins carry blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.
		They are the only veins in the adult human body that carry oxygenated blood.
		Heart - Aorta - Arteries - Arterioles - Capillaries - Venules - Veins - Venae cavae - Pulmonary arteries - Lungs - Pulmonary veins - Blood
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pulmonary_vein (317 words)

	Neurological Disorders \| Vein of Galen Malformation
		Vein of Galen malformations (VOGMs) belong to a group of disorders known as cerebral vascular malformations, which are conditions affecting the blood vessels in the brain.
		VOGM is a rare type of vascular malformation of the brain that develops before birth and often affects newborns.
		Normally, these arteries and veins are connected by capillaries, which monitor and slow blood flow through the brain, allowing for the exchange of oxygen and nutrients.
	www.ucsfhealth.org /childrens/medical_services/neuro/veinofgalen (286 words)

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