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Topic: Velaric ingressive

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Airstream mechanism

	Initiation (phonetics) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Velaric ingressives are found in very few languages, notably the Khoisan languages of Africa and some nearby languages.
		Velaric pressure initiation is performed by reversing the sequence of action used to produce velaric suction initiation: the base of the tongue closes low in the throat and moves up to build up pressure.
		Since the airspace for velaric consonants is so small, the potential pressure difference is very limited, so it is not considered generally possible to produce velaric fricatives, approximants, or vocoids—velaric laterals are actually stops with a lateral release.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Initiation_(phonetics) (797 words)

	Pulmonic egressive - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Glottalic consonants may be either ingressive (implosive consonants) or egressive (ejective consonants).
		There are also velaric ingressive consonants, commonly known as clicks.
		The two other theoretically possible combinations, pulmonic ingressive and velaric egressive, however, are only known from the apparently constructed ritual language Damin.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pulmonic_Sounds (143 words)

	ipswebhome
		For instance, the first consonant in the English word keen is an advanced velar and is produced with a closure towards the front of the velum.
		Velaric: The name of an airstream mechanism in which the airflow is intitiated by a closure of the back of the tongue on the velum.
		Velarisation: A secondary articulation in which the back of the tongue is raised towards the velum.
	www.phon.ucl.ac.uk /home/johnm/ips/ipsweb_glossary.htm (5447 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Click consonant
		This so-called velaric airstream mechanism is always ingressive (the air is sucked in) and can only be used for stops and affricates.
		Clicks are inherently stop-like or affricate-like depending on their place of articulation: clicks involving an alveolar or palatal closure are acoustically like plain stops, while bilabial, dental and lateral ones sound more like affricates.
		These include a velar stop for basic clicks, a voiced velar stop, an aspirated one, a nasal one, a velar and glottal stop, a velar affricate, an ejective velar affricate, and others, as well.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Velaric_egressive (772 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The velaric ingressive airstream produces speech sounds known as "clicks" which occur in double articulations in some African languages, for example, Xhosa.
		Velaric sounds are produced on an airstream initiated by the tongue.
		The velaric egressive airstream is initiated by pushing the tip of the tongue rapidly to the front of the oral cavity.
	web.udl.es /usuaris/m0163949/airflow.htm (2012 words)

	1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Pulmonic ingressive – the diaphragm raises up and muscles between the ribs relax, expanding the chest cavity, causing the air within the lungs to become lower in pressure than the air outside of the body.
		Velaric ingressive ‘clicks’ – a blockage is created in the vocal tract by raising the back of the tongue until it forms a closure with the soft palate (velum).
		A blockage is thereafter made at the front of the vocal tract using the lips, or the tongue and the front teeth/ alveolar ridge/ hard palate.
	users.ox.ac.uk /~phon0013/Airstream%20mechanisms%20web%20page.htm (906 words)

	PALATAL CLICK FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The forward place_of_articulation is palato-alveolar, which means it is postalveolar and laminal: that is, it is articulated with the blade of the tongue against the roof of the mouth behind the alveolar_ridge.
		The rear place of articulation may be either velar or uvular.
		Palato-alveolar clicks may be either oral or nasal, which means air is allowed to escape either through the mouth or the nose.
	www.mrspell.com /palatal_click (238 words)

	A n u k r i t i . N e t - Post Graduate Diploma in Translation Studies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		A second closure or articulatory stricture as it is called is made somewhere in front of it, either by bringing the lips together, or by raising the tip of the tongue to touch some articulator on the upper jaw.
		Subsequently, the anterior closure is released, resulting in an egressive or ingressive velaric airstream (depending on whether the body of air trapped in the oral cavity was compressed or rarefied).
		The sound of a kiss is produced by ingressive velaric airstream mechanism.
	www.anukriti.net /pgdts/course412/ch3h.html (486 words)

	Plosive Consonant [Definition] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Liquid Liquid consonants, or liquids, are speech sounds; more specifically, they are approximant consonants that are not classified as semivowels (glides) because they do not correspond phonetically to specific vowels (in the way that, for example, the initial [j] in English yes corresponds to [i]).
		Implosive Implosive consonants are glottalic ingressive consonants, meaning that air is sucked into the mouth while pronouncing them rather than expelled out of the mouth via the lungs as in pulmonic consonants.
		Some languages have stops made with other mechanisms as well: ejective stops (glottalic egressive), implosive stops (glottalic ingressiveA glottalic consonant is a consonant produced with some important contribution (a movement, a closure) of the glottis (the opening that leads from the nose and mouth cavities into the larynx and the lungs).
	www.wikimirror.com /Plosive_consonant (3347 words)

	Search the lexicon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Stops made with an ingressive (inward) glottalic airstream mechanism are called implosives.
		Clicks are stops made with an ingressive velaric airstream mechanism.
		For a dental click, there are both dental and velar closures, resulting in a trapping of air in between the two closures.
	www2.let.uu.nl /UiL-OTS/Lexicon/zoek.pl?lemma=Airstream+mechanisms (217 words)

	ipsweb7_intro
		In this chapter we look at the generation of the air pressures and airflows needed for the production of speech sounds, and then at those sound-types made with an airstream which is not supplied by the lungs.
		Implosives are made with an ingressive flow generated by lowering the larynx.
		The third type, clicks, use the velaric ingressive airstream mechanism, produced by rarefying a small volume of air enclosed in the mouth.
	www.phon.ucl.ac.uk /home/johnm/ips/chapter7/ipsweb7_intro.htm (151 words)

	Initiation (phonetics) Details, Meaning Initiation (phonetics) Article and Explanation Guide
		The IPA does not provide separate symbols for egressive and ingressive clicks, as no known languages differentiate between them phonemically.
		They are more often found in extra-linguistic contexts: for example, the "tsk tsk" sound used by many Westerners to express regret is a palatal click, and the clucking noise used by many equestrianss to urge their horses on is an alveolar lateral click.
		Velaric egressives are only found in Damil, an "alternative code" (or language game) used by speakers of Lardil in Australia.
	www.e-paranoids.com /i/in/initiation__phonetics_.html (773 words)

	GLOTTALIC CONSONANT FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Glottalic sounds may involve motion of the larynx upward or downward, producing an egressive or ingressive glottalic airstream_mechanism respectively.
		An egressive glottalic airstream produces ejective_consonants, while an ingressive glottalic airstream produces implosive_consonants.
		They, like clicks (velaric ingressive consonants), are mostly confined to African languages.
	www.mrspell.com /Glottalic_consonant (432 words)

	CA162 Principles of Linguistics ACL1 Phonetics Notes 2 - Processes of Speech Production (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The VELARIC airstream is produced by a closure between the VELUM and the BACK of the TONGUE.
		VELARIC NASALS are possible, but involve two simultaneous airstreams: a VELARIC one which produces an ORAL sound, and another airstream (glottalic or pulmonic) which produces a NASAL sound at the same time.
		However, since we are assuming that sounds are pulmonic egressive (unless specified otherwise), and that sounds are oral (unless...), for most sounds we are left with a 3-part label specifying voicing, place and manner in that order, e.g.
	www.compapp.dcu.ie /~alex/CA162/PHONETICS/processes.html (1131 words)

	B07 Sound patterns in Human Language: Airstream mechanisms
		This is not used regularly in languages, but you can do a pulmonic ingressive uvular trill if you try (that's a snore).
		The glottis and velar port are closed, so that no air flows into or out of the lungs or nasal cavity.
		Pressure behind the stop closure is raised by raising the glottis, so that when the stop is released, there is a little plosive burst.
	cspeech.ucd.ie /~fred/teaching/oldcourses/phonetics/airstream1.html (742 words)

	BertinEnglish
		Some say that the coarticulated stops change most commonly to labialised velars, velars, or labials and often to more than one of these in the same language depending on adjacent, usually following vowels.
		The oral stops, he says, like the nasal stops, are usually symbolised by the bilabial and velar symbols joined together by the tie bar, to indicate that the articulations are simultaneous and not sequential.
		They have also argued that the presence of labialised velar stops /k/ and /g/ in addition to plain velar stops is common enough in the languages of the world to be of uncertain value in helping decide the categorisation of languages which happen in addition to have /kp/ and /gb/.
	www.lpl.univ-aix.fr /lpl/personnel/yeouhenoue/bertinenglish.htm (2575 words)

	Postalveolar click - All About All
		The forward place of articulation is alveolar or postalveolar, depending on the language, and apical, which means it is articulated with the tip of the tongue against the alveolar ridge or the roof of the mouth behind the alveolar ridge.
		They are central consonants, which means they are produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the middle of the tongue, rather than the sides.
		The airstream mechanism is velaric ingressive, which means it is produced by movement of air into the mouth by action of the tongue, rather than by the glottis or the lungs.
	www.allaboutall.info /article/Postalveolar_click (551 words)

	Untitled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Uvular made by a narrowing or closure between the back of the tongue and the uvula (the small appendage hanging down at the back of the soft palate-see diagram of the organs of speech), e.g.
		Velar made by a narrowing or closure between the back of the tongue and the soft palate (see diagram of the organs of speech), e.g.
		Velaric ingressive airstream most speech sounds are made by interfering in some way with air which is being pushed out of the lungs (i.e.
	ling.man.ac.uk /Info/staff/AC/LanguageinInfancyHTML/Glossary.html (3849 words)

	[No title]
		velar glottalic egressive sound with simultaneous nasal hum d.
		bilabial velaric ingressive stop with simultaneous creaky-voice nasal hum 4.
		Describe briefly why each of the following airstream mechanism will or will not be affected in a patient whose larynx was surgically removed (assumed that the lungs can still flow through the trachea).
	www.clas.ufl.edu /users/ratree/lin3201/hw1.doc (234 words)

	Citations: The Sounds of the World's Languages - Ladefoged, Maddieson (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Thus from the point of view of the release of the closure at the lips, there is an ingressive velaric airstream.
		By the term click we mean a stop whose production involves a velaric ingressive airstream together with an accompanying velar or uvular consonant.
		It should be noted that the dental and palatal click bursts are similar in being sloppier and more separated from the onset of the vowel than those of the alveolar and lateral clicks.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /context/553156/0 (1519 words)

	[No title]
		Be able to produce fricatives at any named place of articulation.
		Be able to produce dental, palato-alveolar, and lateral clicks with velar dorsal closure.
		Be able to produce ejective stops and fricatives, implosive stops.
	www.cs.indiana.edu /%7Eadamlear/l306/midterm_review.html (462 words)

	Ljoerr-teg
		A down-right diagonal attached to a velar element represents the hooktop heng symbol (
		Velar sounds are represented with a down-left diagonal attached to a velar element (
		Clicks, with an ingressive velaric airstream, are represented with a superscript that resembles a velar element (
	www.io.com /~hmiller/lang/Jarda/Ljoerr.html (1522 words)

	[No title]
		Labial, Apical (includes dental, alveolar and retroflex in chart), Palatal, Velar, Glottal
		Bilabial, labiodental, dental, alveolar, palato-alveolar, palatal, velar, uvular, pharyngeal, labiovelar, glottal (cf.
		Empty cells in chart, e.g., lateral velars - Place and Manner dimensions are not independent
	www.cs.indiana.edu /~adamlear/l306/final_review.html (515 words)

	wiki/Glottalic consonant Definition / wiki/Glottalic consonant Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The larynx houses the vocal cords, and is situated at the point where the upper tract splits into the trachea and the esophagus....
		[click for more] upward or downward, making them egressive or ingressive, repectively.
		Where possible, virtually all students in higher education worldwide are required to learn some English, and knowledge of English is virtually...
	www.elresearch.com /wiki/Glottalic_consonant (589 words)

	LINGUIST List 14.2567: Re: Genetic Clicks?
		Clicks are produced using the velaric ingressive airstream mechanism, which does not use the lungs.
		The Pacific language to which Roger refers is perhaps Damin, a ceremonial language of the Lardil tribe of Mornington Island in Australia.
		Here the clicks are egressive, not ingressive (Laver 1994, Principles of Phonetics, Cambridge University Press, and others).
	www.sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de /linguist/issues/14/14-2567.html (892 words)

	Networking and Network Security (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The only non-African language known to employ clicks as regular speech sounds is Damin, an "alternative code" used by speakers of Lardil (Australia) -- actually an elaborate kind of
		As noted above, clicks necessarily involve two closures: an anterior one which is regarded as primary and determines the click's place of articulation, and a posterior one which is typically
		This posterior "accompaniment" can be transcribed as a velar or uvular oral or
	www.subnetworking.com /wiki/Velaric_egressive (572 words)

	HTHS - Articulatory Phonetics and Speech Production
		The three ways of generating airstream are pulmonic, glottalic and velaric.
		For a nice description of the realisation of glottalic and velaric airstream, see Crystal (1987).
		In a narrow sense, phonation describes whether a sound is voiced or not, i.e.
	coral.lili.uni-bielefeld.de /Courses/Summer04/HTHS/Salffner/artphon.html (1179 words)

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