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Topic: Venad

	Kerala - Gateway To Paradise ( Kerala History, Kerala Society, Kerala Culture,
		The important ones are Venad {Travancore), the Perumpadappu Swarupam (Cochin), The Nediyirippu Swarupam of the Zamorins of Calicut.
		The royal house of Venad, which later came to be called Travancore, claims Rama Varna Kulasekhara as its founder and Quilon as its capital.
		The former annexed several neighboring states to Venad and the latter consolidated the gains by maintaining the independence of the state from the external aggressions of Hyder Ali and Tippu, the Sultans of Mysore.
	www.kerala.cc /keralahistory/index21.htm (704 words)

	officialwebsite of kerala.gov.in
		Geographically and culturally, the kingdom of Venad remained partly in Keraladesa and partly in Pandyadesa.
		The Venad area was definitely at a disadvantage in the absence of the original settlements of Tulu-Kerala Brahmins, whose leadership and dominance had been responsible for the distinctive character of Kerala society and culture.
		Nevertheless, excessive involvement in Tamil politics weakened the impact of Venad on the rest of Kerala.
	www.kerala.gov.in /history&culture/intrusion.htm (2740 words)

	trava2
		in 1125 Sri Vira Kerala Varma I, Raja of Venad.
		in 1145 Sri Kodai Kerala Varma, Raja of Venad.
		1313 - 1333 Sri Vira Udaya Martanda Varma Turuvadiyar [Vira Pandya Deva], Raja of Venad.
	www.4dw.net /royalark/India/trava2.htm (554 words)

	The Venad Kingdom, The Venad Kingdom of Kerala, Kingdom of Venad, Kerala- Venad Kingdom
		The Venad Kingdom, The Venad Kingdom of Kerala, Kingdom of Venad, Kerala- Venad Kingdom
		The kingdom of Venad, also known as ‘Velnad’, ‘Vanavarnadu’ or ‘Vanchidesam’ was one of the thirteen kingdoms of Chera Empire which became independent after the royal power collapsed with the constant conflicts and the demise of Rama Varma Kulasekhara, the last Chera king.
		He was the greatest of all Venads and the period of his reign was called the Golden Age in the medieval history of Kerala.
	www.mapsofindia.com /maps/kerala/geography-and-history/venad-kingdom.html (444 words)

	The Hindu : Making history palpable
		Venad was alluded to only in connection with other dynasties and most of the Venad coins had in fact been classified as Pandya coins.
		Venad, which included Thiruvananthapuram, Ambasamudram, Eraniel, Kalakkad, Tovala, Kottar and Kanyakumari, was the southernmost "nadu" of the Kulasekhara empire during the period between 800 AD and 1102 AD.
		Venad could have been introduced to a coin-based economy through the legacy of the Cholas, the monograph says.
	www.hindu.com /2000/12/21/stories/0421404n.htm (483 words)

	History of Kerala,Origin of Kerala in India,Kerala History,Historical Information on Kerala India
		His death signalled the atomisation of the Chera Empire, from the ruins of which arose the independent kingdom of Venad.
		After the death of Ravi Varma Kulasekhara, the history of the Venad Kingdom is not of special interest.
		Travancore or Venad occupied centre stage in the political arena of Kerala around 18th century, thanks to the deeds of its two illustrious rulers, Marthanda Varma (1729-58) and Rama Varma, popularly known as Dharma Raja (1758-98).
	www.indiasite.com /kerala/history.html (2879 words)

	A comprehensive website on the life and music of Swathi Thirunal
		This refers to the fact that it was the kingdom of the descendants of the ancient Chera Kings whose capital was celebrated ‘Thiruvanchikulam’ known as Kodungalloor.
		The center of Travancore was the petty principality of Venad comprising the territories lying between Thiruvananthapuram and Kollam with its capital at Kollam.
		His argument leads to the conclusion that the Venad ruler used the title of Chiravaya Moopan while the junior prince took the title of Thrippapur Moopan with the specific responsibility to administer Sree Padmanabha Swami temple in particular and other temples in the State in general.
	www.swathithirunal.in /articles/hitryswling.htm (994 words)

	[No title]
		Venad Express was the first train in Kerala that was most convenient for commuters, what with it leaving Thiruvananthapuram at 5.00 a.m and arriving at Ernakulam South at 10.15 am and the return journey likewise in the evening.
		Another first about the Venad Express, which was also a great source of wonder and excitement among the people of Kerala at that time, was the inclusion of a pantry car or a `mobile kitchen' as it was popularly called.
		After a stint of service in the Venad Express till 1984 Narayanan was in charge of the tea and coffee vending stall at Ernakulam Town Railway till 1989.
	www.hinduonnet.com /thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2002101000570200.htm&date=2002/10/10/&prd=mp& (902 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Thus the rulers of Venad or Tiruvitamkur claimed to be descendents of a son of the last Perumal and adopted the hereditary title Kulasekhara which the last Perumal bore, while the rulers of Kochi claimed matrilineal descent from the Perumal and sported another of his titles, Koil Adhikarigal.
		In the case of the chief of Venad or Tiruvitamkur, the Tamprakkal would convert him into ksatriyahood, as it were, through the well-tried ritual of hiranyagarbha; in the case of the less ambitious ones such as the chiefs of Valluvanad or Eranad, just a blessing of the Tamprakkal was sufficient.
		The inscriptions of the Venad rulers of the 14th and 15th centuries mention either directly or in an implicit manner devices for channelising water to the paddy fields of Nancinad.
	www.keralahistory.ac.in /furtherexpansion.htm (14295 words)

	Kerala History - Venad and Kulasekaras (Site not responding. Last check: )
		From the time this ruler (Ramavarma Kulasekara) all kings of Venad maintained the dynastic name of Kulasekara until the last Maharajah gave up his legal claims to power in 1949 when the state was absorbed in to the republic of India.
		By the time Marthanda Varma (a later Venad expansionist) began his rule only a small strip of land between Cape Comorin and Trivandrum remained in the hands of the Kulasekaras.
		When the Europeans started arriving in the Malabar coast besides Venad there were states called Calicut ruled by Zamorins, Perumpadappu swarupam later known as Cochin and the Kolathiris who ruled the region around Cananore.
	ananthapuri.com /kerala-history.asp?page=venad (576 words)

	Ancient History of Kanyakumari district
		When the power of Chola declined due to the rise of Hoysalas and western Chalukyas, the venad (Travancore) Chief tains (the decondants of central Chera's family) took advantage of the situation and gradually established their hold on considerable areas in Nanjilnadu.
		The annexation commenced by Veera Kerala Varma was to a large extent continued by his successors and completed by 1115 A.D. For about four centuries, the Venad was ruled by powerful kings who were consistently making incursions into the pandian territories.
		During the regime of Ravi varma and Marthanda varma, Venad was disturbed due to the internal strife.
	www.nanjilonline.com /cityinfo/history.asp (355 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Venad
		vENad (véNAd),(വേണാട്) was one of the eighteen kingdoms of the ancient Cheran empire periodically though it was under the suzernity of Madurai Pandiyan kingdom before 880 AD when the Pandiyan power declined.
		The term Venad is found earliest in the Tharisapalli plates of 892 AD which gifted lands to the Nestorian Metron Mar Sapir Easo by a Venad king.
		After the fall of Mahodayapuram in 1102, the capital of the emperor was relocated to Kollam to regroup.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Venad (660 words)

	A glimpse into the past of of Kallidaikurichi - Hari's Carnatic
		The period of 450 years of Venad rule in Kallidaikurichi and surrounding areas of Tirunelveli District explain several distinctive features and peculiarities found in the culture and customs of the people and their economic history as indigenous bankers.
		All Venad Kings were devoted Hindus and they took pride in being the inheritors of the crown of Kulasekhara Alwar.
		Kothai Aditya Varma came to the throne of Venad in 1469 and ruled till 1484 A.D. He is also known as Chempaka Aditya Varma.
	www.angelfire.com /musicals/kallidaihari/glimpse_into_ka.htm (3816 words)

	News \| TimesDaily.com \| TimesDaily \| Florence, AL (Site not responding. Last check: )
		vENad (vÃ©NAd),(à´µàµà´£à´¾à´àµ) was one of the eighteen kingdoms of the ancient Cheran empire periodically though it was under the suzernity of Madurai Pandiyan kingdom before 880 AD when the Pandiyan power declined.
		The term Venad is found earliest in the Tharisapalli plates of 892 AD which gifted lands to the Nestorian Metron Mar Sapir Easo by a Venad king.
		After the fall of Mahodayapuram in 1102, the capital of the emperor was relocated to Kollam to regroup.
	www.timesdaily.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Venad (624 words)

	Venad - Revorix Wiki
		Die Grösse eines Venads kann über das Gebäude Venadvolumen erweitert werden.
		Der Haken an der Sache ist jedoch, dass diese Luft gefiltert und aufbereitet werden muss, sonst kann ein Venad sehr schnell unbewohnbar werden.
		Ein Venad bietet einen vollkommenen Schutz vor Angreifern, da das Eindringen physikalisch und technisch ohne die Venad-Frequenz unmöglich ist.
	www.revorix.de /wiki/index.php?title=Venad (407 words)

	Vijayanagar-Venad Conflict and the Myth of Francis Xavier's Miracle
		It was in fact the support and patronage the Venad rulers extended to the Christian missionaries who exploited their generosity to convert and Christianize the people of Kerala's coastal areas that raised the shackles of Vijayanagar rulers and forced them to take up arms against Venad.
		No wonder, Venad's policy of entertaining the missionaries beyond the limit and Francis Xavier's audacious mass conversion programme invited the wrath of Vijayanagar and forced her to invade the former (1544 AD).
		While the shameless rulers of Venad showed an attitude of salutary neglect to the anti-Hindu campaigns of Xavier and his men the Rulers of Vijayanagar could not remain mute spectators to it.
	www.hvk.org /hvk/articles/1006/194.html (2152 words)

	:: Welcome to Venad Solutions ::
		Venad solutions is a state-of-the-art e-Services company, providing high quality solutions, services to leading companies in multi-verticals across the globe.
		Venad Corporate training division has the competence to train personnel across platforms.
		Venad is about to extend its operations to Bangalore
	www.venadsolutions.com (183 words)

	WELCOME TO OUR KERALA
		By the beginning of the 14th century, Ravi Varma Kulasekhara of Venad established a short-lived supremacy over southern India.
		After his death, Kerala became a conglomeration of warring chieftaincies, among which the most important were Calicut in the north and Venad in the south.
		Mar¡handa Varma ascended the Venad throne in 1729 and crushed Dutch expansionist designs at the Battle of Kolachel 12 years later.
	www.keralatourismguide.com /history.htm (1299 words)

	The Kulashekhara Age of the Cheras: a historical perspective by Dr. Zacharias Thundy surveys Kerala's anthropological, ...
		The Cholas destroyed Kollam, the captial of Venad, and burned down Mahodayapuram, the capital of the Cheras.
		Rama Varma then shifted his capital to Kollam (Quilon), the capital of Venad, which later came to be called Ten Vanchi (the Vanchi of the South); from this time on Venad would become the most important Chera kingdom.
		With the withdrawal of the Chola forces from Kerala, the Cheras ceased to look at the east as their home; after all, they were rejected by their own kinsmen, the Pandyas and the Cholas.
	www.shelterbelt.com /KJ/khkulashekharas.html (857 words)

	trava3
		After the death of her sons she adopted an entire family from the Kolathunad Royal House, the Koil Tampurans of Kilimanur.
		Reigned under the regency of his mother until he came of age and was invested with full ruling powers, 1684.
		1721 - 1729 H.H. Maharaj Raja Ramaraja Rama Varma, Raja of Venad, third son of of Ittammar Raja of Beypore Thattarikovilakam, of the Kolathundu Royal House, by his wife, a princess of from the Kolathunad Royal House, educ.
	4dw.net /royalark/India/trava3.htm (661 words)

	Medieval Chola Empire and it's relations with Kerala
		The Venad dynasty were ruling a region beyond Anjuthengu covering a region upto Kottayam, known formally as Venadu and also as Kollam Desam with their capital at Kollam (proper), also a seaport city on the west Kerala.
		Unlike the Aye and the Venad dynasty, the vast territory ruled by Kulasekara dynasty covered many small regions called “Nadus” under different names, which were ruled by the local Chieftans who accepted the authority of the Kulasekara dynasty, and ruled their respective regions as subordinates to them.
		The Chola forces moved further into the Venad territory (Kolladesam) and captured the the region along with its seaport capital the Kollam(proper), which were at this time ruled by the chieftain Govardhana Marttanda appointed by king Baskara Ravi Varman — 1 of the Mahodayapuram in Kudamalainadu.
	forumhub.mayyam.com /hub/viewlite.php?t=1799 (4097 words)

	History of Thrikodithanam
		The period 951 - 1109 AD is referred to as the period of the kings of Thrikodithanam.
		During the reign of the Chera King Rama Varma Kulashekara (1090-1102 AD), Kerala was overrun by the mighty Cholas led by KOLUTHUNGA-I. The Cholas burnt down Mahodayapuram (1012 AD), the capital of the Cheras and destroyed Kollam (Quilon), the capital of Venad.
		Nanrulainattu, Odanaadu and Thekkumkur united and organised in to the Venad state, which later merged with the kingdom of Travancore.
	www.thrikodithanam.org /history.htm (1713 words)

	Madurai Travels - Kanyakumari
		Later Kanyakumari becamew part of the Venad kingdom with its capital at Padmanabhapuram.
		The king of Venad, Anizham Thirunal Marthanda Varma established Travancore by extending his domain further north up to Aluva, during his reign from 1729 to 1758.
		By this, the present Kanyakumari District came to be known as Southern Travancore.
	www.madurai.com /suryatours/kanyakumari.htm (547 words)

	Royal Family Of Pandalam - Website Of Lord Ayyappa And Royal Family Of Pandalam
		The family kept on the move for over a century, finally reaching Pandalam in 79 ME. This was chosen to be the permanent home for the royal family.
		The then ruler of Venad (later Travancore) helped to establish the kingdom at Pandalam.
		When Marthanda Varma, the ruler of Venad established the kingdom of Travancore in 925ME(1749AD), Pandalam was not annexed but allowed to continue independent.
	www.ayyappa.com /RoyalFamilyOfPandalam.htm (471 words)

	Kerala India History, Kerala History Guide, Kerala History Information: India Line Travel
		The most prominent of the Venad rulers were Udaya Marthanda Varma and Ravi Varma Kulasekhara.
		But then, the rise of Travancore (Venad) ultimately saw the end of the Dutch power in India.
		The kingdoms under Tipu began to bow to the pressures of the British power and he was forced to sign the treaty of Malabar.
	www.indialine.com /travel/kerala/history.html (1092 words)

	Kerala,Kerala Tourism,Kerala India Tours
		The word ' Thiru ananthapuram' means the city of Anantha or the abode of the sacred thousand-headed serpent Anantha, who forms the couch on which reclines Lord Vishnu, the preserver in the Hindu trinity.
		Built on seven hills, it was the capital of the Venad chieftains.
		The city has grown as a tourist and commercial centre, with the International airport becoming the main gateway into Kerala.
	kerala.indiantravelportal.com (670 words)

	Venad - Revorix Wiki
		Die Grösse eines Venads kann über das Gebäude Venadvolumen erweitert werden.
		Der Haken an der Sache ist jedoch, dass diese Luft gefiltert und aufbereitet werden muss, sonst kann ein Venad sehr schnell unbewohnbar werden.
		Ein Venad bietet einen vollkommenen Schutz vor Angreifern, da das Eindringen physikalisch und technisch ohne die Venad-Frequenz unmöglich ist.
	revorix.de /wiki/index.php?title=Venad (407 words)

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