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Topic: Vendian Biota

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	Learn more about Vendian Biota in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		They are probably entirely late precambrian although some possible Vendian forms have been identified in the Cambrian.
		Many believe that some or all of the Vendians are precursors to one or more modern phyla that arose in the Cambrian.
		The Vendian biota are also collectively known as Ediacarian fauna.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /v/ve/vendian_biota.html (198 words)

	The Succession of Life in the Sea
		The Vendian evolutionary biota includes the enigmatic Ediacaran fauna, which seems to be a combination of organisms (the so-called Vendobiota) unrelated to any living Metazoa, along with possible metazoan ancestors.
		The Tommotian evolutionary biota is made up of "coat of mail" animals that left behind small shelly fossils, as well as archaeocyathids and other early groups.
		Finally, The Modern evolutionary biota emerged in the wake of the end-Permian mass extinction, and is still rapidly diversifying.
	academic.udayton.edu /michaelsandy/succession_of_life_in_the_sea.htm (547 words)

	[No title]
		Dzik J. An asymmetric segmented Organism from the Vendian of Russia and the status of the Dipleurozoa// Historical Biology.
		New Data on Kimberella, the Vendian Mollusk-like Organism (White Sea Region, Russia): Paleoecological and Evolutionary Implicaton// The Rise and Fall of the Vendian Biota.
		Vendian Animals in the Phillum Proarticulata// The Rise and Fall of the Vendian Biota.
	vend.paleo.ru /pub_eng.php (650 words)

	Vendian Period
		The Vendian System and Period were first proposed by Sokolov 1952, from drill core sequences on the Siberian Platform (sokolov and Fedonkin 1984).
		Although the Vendian was not embraced quickly, and was not adopted by the Subcommission on Precambrian Stratigraphy, it came into almost universal de facto usage.
		The Vendian extinction, occurring near the close of the Vendian period, is currently under debate as to whether an extinction event occurred or not.
	www.peripatus.gen.nz /paleontology/Vendian.html (4428 words)

	Palaeos Ecology : Biota : The Ediacaran evolutionary biota (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Palaeos Ecology : Biota : The Ediacaran evolutionary biota
		Vendian Biota: general remarks, the "Garden of Ediacara" hypothesis
		There is little doubt that the Ediacara biotas dominated the latest Precambrian marine ecosystem, occupying a range of ecological niches and pursuing varied life strategies probably within the photic zone.
	www.palaeos.com /Ecology/Biota/Vendian.html (406 words)

	Glossary V @ Planet Dinosaur
		The Vendian or Ediacaran period was a geologic time period that lasted from 650 to 544 million years ago.
		The Vendian is when the earliest-known animals evolved.
		Vendian biota (Ediacara fauna), included soft-bodied multi-cellular animals, like sponges and worms.
	planetdinosaur.com /glossary/v.htm (836 words)

	Origin and Early Evolution of Metazoa
		Phosphorous is a limiting element in the environment and is ubiquitous in all living organisms--increasing its concentration could have been a factor that precipitated the development of hard skeletons.
		This sudden abundance of phosphorous and the fact that organisms took advantage of it is evident within early metazoa--there are more phosphatic organisms in the late Vendian and early Cambrian than at any other time in geologic history.
		Whether or not Vendian fauna were a failed 'experiment' or ancestors of Cambrian fauna, the fact remains that the Vendian-Cambrian transition was a unique event in the history of life on earth.
	www.earth.rochester.edu /ees207/Zahradnick/zahradnik6.html (1084 words)

	Glossary E @ Planet Dinosaur
		Ediacaran fauna is the animal life that lived during the Vendian or Ediacaran period (roughly 650 to 544 million years ago).
		Vendian biota (Ediacaran fauna), included soft-bodied multi-cellular animals, like sponges, cnidarians, worms, and soft-bodied relatives of the arthropods.
		The Ediacara was named for the Ediacara Hills in Australia, north of Adelaide, where these early animal fossils were first found (in 1946, by the Australian mining geologist Reginald C. Sprigg).
	planetdinosaur.com /glossary/e.htm (4974 words)

	Vendian biota - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Vendian biota (also known as Vendian forms, Vendian fauna(s), Vendobionta or Vendazoa) are a group of ancient lifeforms that are found in rocks a bit older than the Cambrian faunas that represent the oldest fossils of classical paleontology.
		The Vendian "animals" (assuming that they were animals) are probably too large and complex to be single-celled.
		Other than a few dubious fossils from the Upper Cambrian in Ireland, there is no known overlap between the Vendazoa and modern lifeforms.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Vendian_biota (474 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Ediacaran biota
		The Ediacaran biota (also known as Ediacaran fauna(s), Vendian biota, Vendian forms, Vendian fauna(s), Vendobionta or Vendozoa) are a group of ancient lifeforms that are found in rocks of the Ediacaran Period, a bit older than the Cambrian faunas that represent the oldest (shelled) fossils of classical paleontology.
		The original descriptions came from the Ediacara biota of South Australia.
		The Ediacara biota is occasionally referred to as the Vendian biota but this has been used more rarely in recent times.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Ediacaran_biota (1191 words)

	Vendian Animals
		But besides the fossils of soft bodies, Vendian rocks contain trace fossils, probably made by wormlike animals slithering over mud.
		The Vendian rocks thus give us, and YOU through our virtual museum, a good look at the first animals to live on Earth.
		To learn more, visit our exhibit on the Vendian or our pages on the Winter Coast of Russia and the Ediacara Hills of Australia, where these fossils were found and collected.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /vendian/critters.html (170 words)

	Vendian Biota: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com
		The U.S. army packs Tabasco pepper sauce in every ration kit that they give to soldiers.
		...Vendian Biota Vendian Biota Vendian Biota or fauna are a group of what may be...some possible Vendian forms have been identified in the Cambrian.
		Post a link to definition / meaning of " Vendian Biota " on your site.
	www.encyclopedian.com /ve/Vendozoa.html (154 words)

	Towards a Cosmogenic Evolutionary Paradigm
		The Tommotian biota includes enigmatic "chain mail" animals that seem to have been the ancestors of modern phyla.
		Paleozoic biota significantly don't include many of the earlier Cambrian experiments (even though the Cambrian is a part of the Paleozoic era), but rather the diverse Ordovician to Permian forms, including many types of brachiopods, trilobites, crinoids, nautiloids, and more.
		And now, with the man-made destruction of nature, we are witnessing a new mass-extinction, and the establishment of a new biota.
	www.kheper.net /ecognosis/evolution/Cosmogenic_evolution.html (4150 words)

	Ediacaran - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Historically this name has been variously used by researchers, but its status as an official geological period was ratified in March 2004 by the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) and announced on May 13, 2004, the first new such period declared in 120 years.
		It was also called the Vendian period; this name arose in Russia.
		The animal fossil record from this era is sparse, possibly because animals had yet to evolve hard shells, which make for easier fossilization.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vendian (297 words)

	Life of the Vendian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Bacteria and green algae were common in the seas, as were the enigmatic acritarchs, planktonic single-celled algae of uncertain affinity.
		But the Vendian also marks the first appearance of a group of large fossils collectively known as the "Vendian biota" or "Ediacara fauna."
		The question of what these fossils are is still not settled to everyone's satisfaction; at various times they have been considered algae, lichens, giant protozoans, or even a separate kingdom of life unrelated to anything living today.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /vendian/vendianlife.html (226 words)

	The Cambrian Explosion
		The Ediacara Biota from Vendian period (650 to 545 million years ago) in the latest Proterozoic of the Precambrian contains the first multicellular animal-like fossils.
		The fossils of this fauna are dated between 600 and 545 M yr ago and thus predate the Cambrian Explosion that was known to Darwin and that perplexed him by seeming to provide evidence for sudden creation.
		Worms (the basal group for the rest of the invertebrates and vertebrates) possibly appear as trace fossils in the Ediacaran fauna of the Vendian.
	www.geo.brown.edu /geocourses/QE/fr/classtopics/EvoIntro/Cambrian.htm (1259 words)

	Age of Animals
		First, there was the rise and fall of mysterious creatures of the "Vendian biota" or "Ediacara fauna" (see Figure 01a), named for the fossil site in Australia where they were first discovered.
		Whatever the interpretation, it seems that the appearance of the Ediacaran fauna and the Cambrian biota are two separate events, and both flourished suddenly in a "complete state".
		A possible fault with this kind of argument is the strong DNA linkage between the unicellular and mulitcellular organisms.
	universe-review.ca /R10-19-animals.htm (7464 words)

	Vendian World
		Although much has been written regarding the explosive evolutionary radiation of animals in the Cambrian, the initial rise of multi-celled animals at the end of the Precambrian (called the Vendian Period) is even more of a mystery.
		With only three notable exceptions, nearly all of the Vendian creatures are absent in Cambrian deposits only a few million years younger and this leaves a couple possibilites.
		Seilacher suggests most of the Vendian creatures are unique evolutionary "experiments" in body plan and are totally unrelated to any later creatures.
	members.aol.com /ncanvas2/NCWeb/Articles/Venworld.html (600 words)

	Siberia bibliography
		Analol'yeva, A. I., Kharkov, M. A., and Sovetov, Y. K., 1966, About correlation of the redcolored layers of the Vendian and the lowest part of the lower Cambrian of the Southwestern part of the Siberian Paltform: Academy of Sciences of the USSR Reports, v.
		Fedonkin, M. A., 1981, The Byelmorian Vendian Biota (Precambrian Soft-Bodied Fauna of the Northern Russian Platform) [in Russian]: Vyp, Akad.
		Makhnach, A. S., Veretennikov, N. V., and Shkurikhin, V. I., 1986, Vendian rocks of the western part of the East European Platform: stratotypic range boundaries and principles of their establishment: Geological Magazine, v.
	www.talkorigins.org /origins/biblio/siberia.html (3291 words)

	Column: Vendian-Cambrian
		International Subcommission on Cambrian Stratigraphy; ages of the fossil beds mostly follow Martin et al.
		The period from around the Vendian age Varanger-Marinoan Glaciation and the, now famous, Cambrian age ‘Burgess Shale-type’ lagerstätten is pivotal to understanding the fossil record, and to the broader interpretation of metazoan evolution.
		In the space of 100 million years – probably less – metazoan fossils make their first unqualified appearance and diversify to occupy a morphospace equalling if not exceeding that of today.
	www.peripatus.gen.nz /Paleontology/columnVC.html (323 words)

	Plant Glossary: E - EnchantedLearning.com
		Ediacara fauna is the animal life that lived during the Vendian or Ediacaran period (roughly 650 to 544 million years ago).
		Vendian biota (Ediacara fauna), included soft-bodied multi-cellular animals, like sponges, cnidarians, worms, and soft-bodied relatives of the arthropods.
		An embryo is a developing plant still inside the seed.
	www.zoomschool.com /subjects/plants/glossary/indexe.shtml (1179 words)

	Prehistoric North Carolina (GeoWorld)
		They call these creatures “Vendian animals,” “Vendian biota” or Ediacaran fauna.” The last name comes from the Ediacara Hills in South Australia, where the first major discovery of these fossils was made.
		Thus, they claim that it’s merely the links between Vendian creatures and modern life that are missing.
		At any rate, the strange world of the Vendian creatures became a memory about half a million years ago during the Cambrian Period.
	www.geoworld.org /North_Carolina/Prehistory (1655 words)

	Vendian Cnidaria Fossils Medusoid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		This death assemblage of Vendian cnidarians (medusoids) predate the Cambrian Explosion by tens of millions of years.
		Many of the early attempts at diversity occurred during this late Proterozoic timeframe, and are represented in the fossil record, for example, in the Ediacara Biota of the Flinders Ranges of Australia.
		Many strange forms were present, some of that seem to not have any synonyms in extant animals.
	www.fossilmuseum.net /fossils/Cnidaria/Nemaia-simplex/Nemaia.htm (156 words)

	IGCP Spanish National Committee report for 2005
		This project aims to locate additional material from areas with a sparse Vendian biotic record (South America in particular), but with marked palaeobiogeographic interest, to closely compare their settings (sedimentology, carbon and oxygen isotope signatures, palaeogeographic positions) with those of the best known Vendian biotas.
		Parallel to our investigations concerning the megascopic multicellular biota, the work of several associates of this proposal will be investigating the geochemistry of the sediments for clues to changing climate and ocean chemistry and the involvement of microfauna in the deposition of major ore bodies of mid to late Proterozoic age.
		Four proposals were provisionaly approuved: project no. 471 "Evolution of Western Gondwana during the Late Palaeozoic", project no. 493 "The Rise and Fall of the Vendian Biota", project no. 513 "Karst Aquifers and Water Resources", and project no. 522 "Dawn of the Danian".
	www.ugr.es /~mlamolda/PICG/05report.html (3781 words)

	biota - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "biota" is defined.
		biota : US Envirionmental Protection Agency Terminology Reference System [home, info]
		Phrases that include biota: chengjiang biota, vendian biota
	www.onelook.com /?w=biota&ls=a (205 words)

	DLESE description of Learning About the Vendian Animals
		The Vendian age marks the first appearance of a group of large fossils collectively known as the Vendian biota or Ediacara fauna.
		This site contains ten photographs of Vendian fossils with an active link to a blow-up photograph and a more detailed description of that fossil.
		No part of the referring document residing on the server may be reproduced or stored in a retrieval system without prior written permission of the publisher, except for educational purposes, and in no case for profit.
	www.dlese.org /library/view_resource.do?description=DLESE-000-000-005-067 (168 words)

	Precambrian - Paleontology and Geology Glossary
		The first billion years of life on Earth saw only these simple forms.
		Vendian biota (Ediacara fauna), multi-celled, animals appear, including sponges.
		The continents had merged into a single supercontinent called Rodinia.
	www.zoomdinosaurs.com /subjects/dinosaurs/glossary/Precambrian.shtml (338 words)

	Index_Intro
		Problematic and controversial frond-like taxa that resemble pennatulid sea pens are described from the Vendian Period of the late Precambrian.
		Many of the Vendian frond-like taxa have been aligned with the Pennatulacea by various authors, but these interpretations remain highly disputatious.
		Because of the importance of recent fossil discoveries, which have helped to bridge the gap between fossil biotas of the Precambrian and the Cambrian, many of the references on these Vendian pennatulacean-like organisms are included here, but the coverage should in no way be considered comprehensive.
	www.calacademy.org /research/izg/index_intro.htm (3745 words)

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