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Topic: Vendian faunas

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	Ediacaran - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Ediacaran biotas is occasionally referred to as the Vendian biota but this has been used more rarely in recent times.
		This usage echoes the former name Vendian, by which the Ediacaran period was known in many parts of the world prior to the official naming of the period in 2004.
		A term Vendobionta, which is also used, is not a description of the fauna, but rather the name of a separate Kingdom into which many of the fossils were placed by German palaeontologist Dolf Seilacher.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ediacaran (753 words)

	Vendian faunas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Vendian faunas (Vendazoa) are ancient lifeforms found in rocks a bit older than the Cambrian faunas that represent the oldest fossils of classical paleontology.
		It later turned out that similar faunus had been described previously from Namibia, but their great age had not been appreciated.
		They were originally thought to be simple precursors of more modern forms, and a few elements of the fauna still look like possible precursors of such later forms as arthropods and mollusks.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/vendian_faunas (352 words)

	Vendian faunas: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Vendian faunas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Vendian Faunas -- Vendazoa are ancient lifeforms found in rocks a bit older than the Cambrian faunas that represent the oldest fossils of classical paleontology.
		The original descriptions came from the Ediacaran faunas of South Australia.
		The Vendian 'animals' (assuming that they were animals) are probably too large and complex to be single celled.
	www.encyclopedian.com /ve/Vendian-faunas.html (314 words)

	ediacaran - Article and Reference from OnPedia.com
		Close to the Cambrian boundary, worm tracks, and various hard shelled forms - especially a collection of small forms known as the 'small shelly fauna' also appear to be probable precursors of Cambrian life.
		The Ediacaran faunas are sometimes referred to as Vendian Faunas.
		The term Vendian is then reserved by some for a diverse collection of multilobed, softbodied, sessile forms that appear as fronds, disks, and other shapes.
	www.onpedia.com /encyclopedia/ediacaran (609 words)

	Precambrian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A quite diverse collection of soft-bodied forms is known from a variety of locations worldwide between 600 and 544 million years ago.
		These are referred to as Ediacaran or Vendian faunas.
		A very diverse collection of forms appeared around 544 million years before the present starting in the latest Precambrian with a poorly understood "small shelly fauna" and ending in the very early Cambrian with a very diverse, and quite modern "Burgess fauna".
	www.bidprobe.com /en/wikipedia/p/pr/precambrian.html (804 words)

	Palaeos Ecology : Biota : Marine Evolutionary Biotas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In this diagram, the Cambrian fauna (or Trilobite fauna) is shown in yellow, the Paleozoic fauna (or Brachiopod fauna) in green, and the Modern fauna (or Bivalve-Gastropod fauna), in blue.
		For example at the end of the Cambrian, the Cambrian fauna (yellow) begins to slowly decline, while the Paleozoic fauna (green) undergoes an evolutionary radiation, increasing greatly in abundance and diversity during the early Ordovician.
		The Vendian evolutionary biota includes the enigmatic Ediacaran fauna, which seems to be a combination of organisms (the so-called Vendobiota) unrelated to any living Metazoa, along with possible metazoan ancestors.
	www.palaeos.com /Ecology/Biota/Marine.html (625 words)

	Vendian Period (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Vendian extinction, occurring near the close of the Vendian period, is currently under debate as to whether an extinction event occurred or not.
		Under this latter hypothesis, the Vendian fauna is believed to have an undergone an extinction, after which the Cambrian fauna evolved.
		It is biogeochemistry that lends substance to the hypothesis that Ediacaran and Cambrian faunas are separated by mass extinction" (Knoll and Carroll 1999).
	www.peripatus.gen.nz /Paleontology/Vendian.html (4246 words)

	Plants Vendian Fauna Vendian Fauna Are Found Preserved Worldwide, And Are Dominated By Simple Radially Symmetric ...
		Vendian fauna are found preserved worldwide, and are dominated by simple radially symmetric soft-bodied the Ediacaran Hills, Australia, where the first Vendian fauna were found.
		However, this distinct fauna, resembling modern paleontologists believe that the Vendian fauna were the progenitors of the Cambrian.
		The fauna is referred to as either the Ediacaran or Vendian fauna; the Vendian is a subdivision Some paleontologists believe the Ediacaran fauna is an interesting branch of early.
	plants.ciide.com /plantsTO3435.html (838 words)

	ediacarian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Ediacaran Fauna is a collective term for a variety of early organisms found in rocks older than the Cambrian Period that marked the beginning of life in classical paleontology.
		The name Ediacara comes from the Ediacara (Occasionally 'Ediacarian') Hills of South Australia where peculiar precambrian fossils were found by a geologist named Sprigg in 1946.
		These are termed "Vendazoa" and have been proposed as a separate phylum or kingdom.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Ediacarian.html (462 words)

	Ediacaran -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Additional fossils have been found in dozens of outcrops on all continents, and collectively these have come to be known as the (Click link for more info and facts about Ediacaran fauna) Ediacaran fauna.
		The Ediacaran faunas are sometimes referred to as (Click link for more info and facts about Vendian Faunas) Vendian Faunas.
		The term (Click link for more info and facts about Vendian) Vendian is then reserved by some for a diverse collection of multilobed, softbodied, sessile forms that appear as fronds, disks, and other shapes.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/e/ed/ediacaran.htm (657 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Tempo and Mode in Evolution: Genetics and Paleontology 50 Years After Simpson (1995) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Chinese Atdabanian fauna is also exceptionally preserved and contains numbers of taxa in common with the Burgess Shale, suggesting that many of the Burgess Shale forms, or at least the higher taxa to which they belong, would be found to have originated in the Early Cambrian if that fauna were better known.
		Late Vendian and Manykaian bilaterian body plans are thus visualized as consisting of an array of vermiform types, including flatworms and "round flatworms" with blood-vascular systems, many with hemocoels or "pseudocoels," and some with seriation of one organ system or another (Valentine, 1989, 1990; Bergström, 1989).
		A continuous expansion of an already moderately complex fauna as various lineages acquired evolutionary access to broadening arrays of marine habitats, with the resulting enhancement of ecological interactions within that fauna, may be all that was required to produce the record we have, insofar as the origin of phyla is concerned.
	www.nap.edu /books/0309051916/html/87.html (7563 words)

	The Ediacaran Assemblage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Their approach – by far the most convincing to date – combines the conservative reference of taxa to modern phyla, where such assignments are not obviously forced, with a pragmatic recognition of the large number of undeniably enigmatic forms.
		It is biogeochemistry that lends substance to the hypothesis that Ediacaran and Cambrian faunas are separated by mass extinction" (Knoll and Carroll 1999, p.
		Dzik, J.; Ivantsov, A.Y. An Asymmetric Segmented Organism from the Vendian of Russia and the Status of the Dipleurozoa.
	www.peripatus.gen.nz /paleontology/Ediacara.html (7498 words)

	Ediacara (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Additional fossils have beenfound in dozens of outcrops on all continents, and collectively these have come to be known as the Ediacaran fauna.Especially important deposits have been found in the White Sea area of Russia, in southwestern Africa, in northwestern Canada, and in Newfoundland.
		The Ediacaran faunas are sometimes referred to as " Vendian Faunas ".Modern usage tends toward using "Ediacaran" to describe the full faunal range including algae, sponges, and all other life formsof the late preCambrian.
		The term " Vendian " is then reserved by somefor a diverse collection of multilobed, softbodied, sessile forms that appear as fronds, disks, and other shapes.
	www.therfcc.org /ediacara-375869.html (495 words)

	Ediacarian - Wikipedia
		Ediacarian Fauna is a collective term for a variety of early organisms found in rocks older than the Cambrian Period that marked the beginning of life in classical paleontology.
		On the other hand, many of the best known Ediacarian creatures appear to be immobile blobs, disks, fronds, and air matress like shapes that have no obvious relationship to later forms.
		The Ediacarian faunas are sometimes referred to as "Vendian Faunas".
	nostalgia.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ediacarian (547 words)

	Ausia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The surface is covered with circular rows of depressions("windows") that taper into ovals toward the conical point.
		Ausia Fenestrata, named for the town of Aus in Namibia, is the only known Vendian animal with pores.
		Still, there is some question as to whether these pores completely penetrate the animal's wall.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ausia (96 words)

	Paleobiology: Patterns of distribution in the Ediacaran biotas: facies versus biogeography and evolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Vendian faunas and the early evolution of Metazoa.
		A new representative of the Pctalonamae from the upper Vendian of the Arkhangelsk region.
		Conulariid-like fossil from the Vendian of Russia: a metazoan clade across the Proterozoic/Palaeozoic boundary.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa4067/is_200404/ai_n9400860/pg_6 (893 words)

	Introduction to the Vendian Period
		However, in the latest Proterozoic — a time period now called the Vendian, or the Ediacaran, and lasting from about 650 to 540 million years ago — macroscopic fossils of soft-bodied organisms can be found in a few localities around the world, confirming Darwin's expectations.
		Ben Waggoner has worked extensively with the troublesome creatures of the Vendian.
		Much of the Vendian work done by UCMP was supported by NSF EAR grants numbers 9317247 and 9814845 to J.W. Valentine and J.H. Lipps.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /vendian/vendian.html (263 words)

	Encyclopedia: Ediacaran
		Kimberella quadrata is a fossil animal from the Ediacaran or Vendian fauna.
		A term Vendobionta, which is also used, is not a description of the fauna, but rather the name of a seperate Kingdom into which many of the fossils were placed by German palaeontologist Dolf Seilacher.
		Well dated fossils of bacteria are found in cherts as old as 3460 million years and probable bacterial mats known back to 3600 million years.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Ediacaran (1378 words)

	Vendian Animals
		But besides the fossils of soft bodies, Vendian rocks contain trace fossils, probably made by wormlike animals slithering over mud.
		The Vendian rocks thus give us, and YOU through our virtual museum, a good look at the first animals to live on Earth.
		To learn more, visit our exhibit on the Vendian or our pages on the Winter Coast of Russia and the Ediacara Hills of Australia, where these fossils were found and collected.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /vendian/critters.html (170 words)

	Search Tuna Report for Ediacaran time (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Vendian marks the first appearance of a group of large fossils collectively known as the Vendian biota or Ediacara fauna....
		An exception was the mysterious small shelly fauna minute shelled animals that are hard to categorize that left abundant fossils in the early Cambrian....
		Throughout the extent of both periods, dominant Precambrian and Vendian organisms were simple, entirely marine, and for the most part soft-bodied: hard-bodied organisms did not occur until nearly the beginning of the Cambrian Period when the so-called small shelly faunas appeared....
	searchtuna.com /ftlive2/3599.html (2566 words)

	Bibliography of Vendian localities
		This list is not a complete bibliography of all that has been published on the late Precambrian or the "Ediacara biota." Rather, it is a bibliography of sources that I used in compiling my data set for biogeographic analysis, and should serve as a useful introduction to the primary taxonomic literature.
		A second page lists reports of Vendian taxa and localities that were not included in the analysis, with reasons given for excluding them.
		Fedonkin, M. Vendian faunas and the early evolution of Metazoa.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /vendian/biogeo/vendbiblio.html (1652 words)

	Untitled
		There are a variety of shapes present in the Vendian/Ediacaran Faunas, but all are extremely flat, such as the oval, flatworm-like Dickinsonia and the "three-armed disk" Tribrachidium.
		Note 1: A fauna is an assemblage of living or fossil animals (the term is not used in association bacterial, algal, or plant fossils).
		Soon after the Ediacaran/Vendian Faunas (before the Precambrian/Cambrian boundary), distinctive faunas of tiny phosphatic shelled animals appear (most abundantly in modern Russia).
	ijolite.geology.uiuc.edu /01FallClass/geo143/lectures/lect06.html (1053 words)

	The Evolution of Life
		The Ediacarian/Vendian faunas have puzzled many palaeontologists, because although some of these animals may have belonged to groups that survive today, others don't seem at all related to animals we know.
		The dinosaur fauna, of New Zealand was discovered through the efforts of Joan and Pont Wiffen, of Hawkes Bay.
		It is named after the Greek words "palaois" (old) and "ceno" (new), indicating the presence of new fauna and flora associated with the old ones from the Cretaceous.
	sci.waikato.ac.nz /evolution/EvolutionOfLife.shtml (11654 words)

	pteridinium
		It is a member of the Ediacaran fauna/vendian fauna.
		The animal (if it is an animal) is common in late precambrian deposits in South Australia, Namibia, and the White Sea Region of Russia.
		There are no identified related forms although there is some vague resemblance to other vendian forms such as Dickinsonia that share some of its enigmatic characteristics.
	www.fact-library.com /pteridinium.html (317 words)

	Untitled
		Called the Vendian (in Russia) or Ediacaran (in Australia) Faunas, these sites feature soft-bodied animals of uncertain phylogenetic affinities, which are extremely flat, such as the oval, flatworm-like Dickinsonia and the "three-armed disk" Tribrachidium.
		Note: the characteristic flatness might have been necessitated by a lack of complex organs, so that ratios of surface area (through which oxygen and nutrients pass) to volume (the bodily mass in need of food and oxygen) remain large with organism growth.
		Soon after the Ediacaran/Vendian faunas (before the Precambrian/Cambrian boundary), faunas of tiny phosphatic shells appear (most abundantly in modern Russia).
	ijolite.geology.uiuc.edu /00FallClass/geo143/lect/lect08.html (812 words)

	SimEarth - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In addition to the familiar types, the long-extinct "trichordates" are included, because "we felt sorry for them, and are giving them a chance for survival in SimEarth".
		(A small number of mysterious fossils seem to exhibit trilateral symmetry, but this is controversial; see Vendian faunas, in particular Tribrachidium.)
		As an "Easter egg", machine life can appear in the game if a city of the highest technology level is destroyed by a nuclear explosion.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Simearth (429 words)

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