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Topic: Venera 14

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	Venera 4V-1
		Venera 12 was part of a two-spacecraft mission to study Venus and the interplanetary medium.
		Venera 11 was part of a two-spacecraft mission to study Venus and the interplanetary medium.
		Venera 14 landed about 950 km southwest of Venera 13 near the eastern flank of Phoebe Regio at 13 deg 15 min S by 310 E on a basaltic plain.
	www.astronautix.com /craft/venra4v1.htm (2218 words)

	Venera
		The Venera spacecraft, unlike the Soviet Mars probes, were tremendously successful, and made the first soft landings on and sent back the first pictures from the surface of Venus.
		Venera 8 slowed from 41,696 km/hr to about 900 km/hr by aerobraking, then opened its 2.5-m-diameter parachute at an altitude of 60 km, and transmitted data during its descent.
		Venera 14's attempt at surface analysis was foiled when its drilling arm landed on one of the ejected camera covers.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/V/Venera.html (0 words)

	Venera 13 and 14 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Venera 13 and Venera 14 (Russian: Венера-13, Венера-14) were a pair of identical probes in the Soviet Venera program for the exploration of Venus.
		Venera 13 and 14 were identical spacecraft built to take advantage of the 1981 Venus launch opportunity and launched 5 days apart, Venera 13 on 1981-10-30 at 06:04:00 UTC and Venera 14 on 1981-11-04 at 05:31:00 UTC, both with an on-orbit dry mass of 760 kg.
		Venera 14, however, ended up measuring the compressibility of the lens cap, which landed right where the probe was to measure the soil.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Venera_13 (601 words)

	Venera 15 and 16 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Venera 15 was launched on June 2 1983 at 02:38:39 UTC, and Venera 16 on June 7 1983 at 02:32:00 UTC.
		Venera 15 and Venera 16 both reached Venus' orbit (on October 10 1983 and October 14 1983 respectively).
		The Venera 15 and 16 spacecraft were identical and were based on modifications to the orbiter portions of the Venera 9 and Venera 14 probes.
	www.hackettstown.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Venera_16 (527 words)

	Soviet Craft - Venera
		Venera 1 was the first probe from Earth to pass by Venus; Venera 3 was the first probe to land on Venus.
		Venera 15 was part of a two spacecraft mission (along with Venera 16) designed to use 8 cm band side-looking radar mappers to study the surface properties of Venus.
		The Venera 15 and 16 spacecraft were identical and were based on modifications to the the orbiter portions of the Venera 9 and 14 probes.
	filer.case.edu /~sjr16/advanced/20th_soviet_venera.html (3714 words)

	Surface of Venus
		Venera 7 (1970) and Venera 8 (1972) detected the occurrence of certain long-lived radioactive isotopes (chiefly uranium and thorium) on Venus' surface.
		Venera 9 and 10 (1975) sent back the first closeup photographs of the planet's surface; these images showed that certain parts of Venus were covered with sizable sharp-edged rocks and others with fine-grain dust.
		The Venera 14 descent craft/lander was a hermetically sealed pressure vessel, which contained most of the instrumentation and electronics, mounted on a ring-shaped landing platform and topped by an antenna.
	zebu.uoregon.edu /~js/ast121/lectures/surface_venus.html (0 words)

	Venera
		Venera 5 was launched from a Tyazheliy Sputnik (69-001C) towards Venus to obtain atmospheric data.
		Venera 14 landed about 950 km southwest of Venera 13 near the eastern flank of Phoebe Regio at 13 deg 15 min S by 310 E on a basaltic plain.
		Venera 15 was part of a two spacecraft mission (along with Venera 16) designed to use side-looking radar mappers to study the surface properties of Venus.
	www.friends-partners.org /partners/mwade/project/venera.htm (0 words)

	Venera 8 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Venera 8 spacecraft, launched by Russia on March 27, 1972, landed on Venus on July 22.
		Venera 8 found that the Venusian surface resembles the earth's granitic rocks, and that some sunlight penetrates the dense cloud cover to reach the planet's surface.
		Venera 8 recorded a surface temperature of 880 degrees Fahrenheit (470 degrees Celsius) and atmospheric pressure 90 times greater than on earth.
	www.worldbook.com /features/venus/html/venera8.html (209 words)

	Venera 13 and 14 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Venera 13 and Venera 14 were launched by the Soviet Union in 1981.
		Two Russian Venera spacecraft landed on Venus during the first week of March 1982 and returned to Earth remarkable color photographs and detailed chemical analyses of the surface of our "sister planet." Soviet geophysicists reported on the results of the mission at the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference in Houston on March 18.
		Venera 13 transmitted data for more than two hours, and Venera 14 functioned for about one hour, before being overcome by the high temperatures on the planet's surface.
	www.worldbook.com /features/venus/html/venera13_14.html (234 words)

	The Venera 13 & 14 probes to Venus
		Venera 13 was launched on 30 October 1981 and Venera 14 was launched on 4 November 1981.
		Venera 13 and 14 contained the "Konus" experiments to observe cosmic gamma-ray bursts.
		Venera 14 took spectra in 30 energy channels with the same 0.5 and 4 s integration options.
	heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov /docs/heasarc/missions/venera1314.html (418 words)

	Soviet Craft - Venera
		Venera 13 and 14 were twins, designed to take advantage of the 1981 launch opportunity, and Venera 15 and 16 were twins, designed to take advantage of the 1983 launch opportunity.
		Venera 15 was part of a two spacecraft mission (along with Venera 16) designed to use 8 cm band side-looking radar mappers to study the surface properties of Venus.
		The Venera 15 and 16 spacecraft were identical and were based on modifications to the the orbiter portions of the Venera 9 and 14 probes.
	burro.astr.cwru.edu /stu/advanced/20th_soviet_venera.html (0 words)

	Articles - Venera (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Venera (Russian: Ð’ÐµÐ½ÐµÑÐ°; formerly, sometimes referred to as Venusik in the West) series of probes was developed by the USSR for the gathering of data from Venus.
		Venera 4 - Atmospheric Probe - launched June 12, 1967 : Arrived October 18, 1967 and was the first probe to enter another planet's atmosphere and return data.
		Venera 14 - Flyby and Lander - launched November 14, 1981 : Arrived March 5, 1982, a soil sample revealed tholeiitic basalt (similar to that found on Earth's mid-ocean ridges).
	www.lastring.com /articles/Venera_program?mySession=5f5173f280de09d8fadb60e68832a7db (1303 words)

	Our Solar System - Venera (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Venera 12 lasted 110 minutes on the surface, recording electrical discharges that indicated lightning was present on Venus.
		Venera 13's sample was determined to be leucite basalt, a rare rock type on the Earth.
		Venera 14's sample was determined to be tholeiitic basalt, similar to that found at mid-ocean ridges on the Earth.
	www.dunnbypaul.net /solarsystem/classic/venera.html (1233 words)

	Ask an Astronomer for KIDS! - Has a spacecraft ever landed on Venus? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		On Oct. 22, 1975, Venera 9 landed on the surface of Venus.
		Venera 10 took photographs of its surface and studied its rocks.
		Venera 12 sent back data for 110 minutes (the longest of any Venera lander) before the effects of heat and pressure ended its mission.
	coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu /cosmic_kids/AskKids/venera.shtml (0 words)

	Venera (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Venera 7[?] - Lander - launched August 17, 1970 : Arrived December 15, 1970, was the first successful landing of a spacecraft on another planet and survived for 23 minutes before succumbing to the heat and pressure
		Venera 10[?] - Orbiter and Lander - launched June 14, 1975 : Arrived October 25, 1975, the lander surviving 65 minutes bfore succumbing to the heat and pressure
		Venera 14[?] - Flyby and Lander - launched November 14, 1981 : Arrived March 5, 1982, a soil sample revealed tholeiitic basalt (similar to that found on Earth's mid-ocean ridges)
	www.termsdefined.net /ve/venera.html (786 words)

	Venera 13 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Venera 13 landed on Venus in 1982, returning the first color images from the Venusian surface.
		The Venera 13 mission consisted of a bus (81-106A) and an attached descent craft (81-106D).
		Venera 14 at 7 deg 30 min S, 303 E, just east of the eastern extension of an elevated region known as Phoebe Regio.
	pages.preferred.com /~tedstryk/venerab.html (600 words)

	Venera Spacecraft
		Venera 7 was launched from a Tyazheliy Sputnik towards Venus to study the Venusian atmosphere and other phenomena of the planet.
		The Venera 11 descent craft carried instruments designed to study the detailed chemical composition of the atmosphere, the nature of the clouds, and the thermal balance of the atmosphere.
		Venera 13 carried instruments to take chemical and isotopic measurements, monitor the spectrum of scattered sunlight, and record electric discharges during its descent phase through the Venusian atmosphere.
	members.tripod.com /~abramovo/venera.htm (0 words)

	Prehod Venere 2004 - Kratki povzetki - D. Venera - Planet
		Venera je približno tako velika kot Zemlja, njena masa je 82% Zemljine.
		Ker sta Zemlja in Venera približno enake velikosti, domnevamo, da je Venerina notranjost zgrajena iz kovinskega (železnega) jedra polmera okoli 3000 km in da plašč staljenih kamnin prekriva večino planeta.
		Venera je bila neposredno tudi vzrok za trojansko vojno.
	www.fiz.uni-lj.si /venera2004/kratki_povzetki/D.html (0 words)

	Missions to Venus - Explore the Cosmos \| The Planetary Society
		Venera 2 flew within 24,000 kilometers (15,000 miles) of Venus on February 27, 1966, but communications with the spacecraft was lost just before its close approach with the planet.
		Details about Venera 11 are sketchy; however, the spacecraft did make a soft landing on the surface, and sent back evidence of thunder and lightning as well as the presence of carbon monoxide in the lower altitudes.
		Venera 13 returned the first color images from the surface of Venus, landing at 7.5° S, 303° E. A drilling arm collected a sample that was examined by an onboard x-ray fluorescence spectrometer to determine its composition.
	www.planetary.org /explore/topics/our_solar_system/venus/missions.html (0 words)

	Venera 15 and 16 -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The spacecraft were identical and based on modifications to the earlier (Click link for more info and facts about Venera) Venera space probes.
		Venera 15 was launched on June 2 1983 at 02:38:39 (Greenwich Mean Time updated with leap seconds) UTC, and Venera 16 on June 7 1983 at 02:32:00 UTC.
		The Venera 15 and 16 spacecraft were identical and were based on modifications to the orbiter portions of the (Click link for more info and facts about Venera 9) Venera 9 and (Click link for more info and facts about Venera 14) Venera 14 probes.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/V/Ve/Venera_15_and_16.htm (493 words)

	Solar System Exploration: Missions: By Letter: V: Venera 14
		Venera 14 was identical to its twin, Venera 13.
		The spacecraft carried out three midcourse corrections on the way to Venus: on 14 November 1981, 23 November 1981, and 25 February 1982.
		The parachute was released at an altitude of 47 kilometers, and the 760-kilogram lander fell to the surface using only the atmosphere as a retarding medium.
	solarsystem.nasa.gov /missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Alpha&Letter=V&MCode=Venera_14 (133 words)

	Venus Image Archive
		The lander portions of Venera 9 and 10 parachuted to the surface of Venus and took the first fl and white photos of the surface of Venus.
		Venera 13 was the first spacecraft to take a color photo of the surface of Venus.
		Venera 14 sampled the soil where it landed, and found a type of basalt also common on Earth.
	www.windows.ucar.edu /tour/link=/venus/venus_il.html (0 words)

	Venera Mission Summaries
		Venera 4 was launched from a Tyazheliy Sputnik (67-058B) towards the planet Venus with the announced mission of direct atmospheric studies.
		Venera 6 was launched from a Tyazheliy Sputnik (69-002C) towards Venus to obtain atmospheric data.
		Venera 7 was launched from a Tyazheliy Sputnik towards Venus to study the Venusian atmosphere and other phenomena of the planet.
	www.if.ufrgs.br /ast/solar/venerall.htm (1059 words)

	ipedia.com: Venera Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Veneras 13 and 14 were the only landers on which all cameras worked properly.
		Venera 10 - Orbiter and Lander - launched June 14, 1975 : Arrived October 25, 1975, the lander surviving 65 minutes before succumbing to the heat and pressure
		Venera 12 - Flyby and Lander - launched September 14, 1978 : Arrived December 21, 1978, the lander surviving for 110 minutes and recorded what is thought to be lightning
	www.ipedia.com /venera.html (955 words)

	VENERA
		Venera - druga po redu velika planeta (recnik) Suncevog sistema polazeci od Sunca.To je terestricka (recnik) i najsvetlija planeta (posle Sunca i Meseca najsvetliji objekat na nebu).
		Venera je jedan od rado posmatranih objekata jer se lako pronalazi na nebu, a i malim teleskopom mogu se uociti njene faze.
		Slicno kao i Venera 5 (300 km dalje).
	www.astronomija.co.yu /suncsist/planete/Venera/venera.htm (0 words)

	Lava Compositions on Venus
		Analyses obtained by the Venera 13 and 14 craft on the plains east of Phoebe Regio showed smooth surfaces and curved edged surface features, which resembled pahoehoe lava similar to that of the basalts of the Hawaiian Shields or the slab pahoehoe surfaces seen in the Snake River Plains.
		The main aims of the Venera 13 and 14 missions were to study the composition, structure and properties of Venusian rocks, and their layering on the surface.
		Venera 8 analyses, with a high potassium content (4%) and ten times the U and Th content of other sites, indicated an evolved, subalkaline lava equivalent to a trachyte or syenite, or a type of alkaline mafic rock such as a lamprophyre.
	www.es.ucl.ac.uk /research/planetary/undergraduate/mcmillan/venus/venus.htm (0 words)

	spaceship - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		The Venera programme included orbiters, landers, and fly-by spacecraft.
		Venera 1 was a drum-shaped, 460-kg (1,020-lb) spacecraft.
		The Vega spacecraft used the same basic design as the earlier Venus-bound spacecraft Venera 9 to Venera 14 (Venera), with adjustments for the...
	uk.encarta.msn.com /spaceship.html (0 words)

	Inner Planets
		Flew by Venus on 14 July 1964 at a distance of 100,000 km.
		Venera 3 was the first spacecraft to impact another planet.
		With Venera 16, it mapped Venus from the North pole to about 30° N latitude over an 8 month period.
	www.worldspaceflight.com /probes/inner.htm (909 words)

	Bungle Page
		Venera 13 and Venera 14 have determined for the first time ever the elemental composition of the Venusian rocks at the probes' landing sites.
		Venera 13 landed on the rolling upland, while Venera 14 landed in the region with lower topography.
		The chemical composition of the rock at the Venera 13 landing site proved to be similar to the composition of potassium alkaline basalts of the earth's crust, rocks which can be found on oceanic islands and in rift zones.
	www.wickliffe-city.k12.oh.us /bungle/bungle.html (0 words)

	Re-processed images of Venus - Forums powered by UBBThreads™ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Venera 13 landed about 950 km northeast of Venera 14 at 7 deg 30 min South, 303 deg East, just east of the eastern extension of an elevated region known as Phoebe Regio.
		Venera 14 landed about 950 km southwest of Venera 13 near the eastern flank of Phoebe Regio at 13 deg 15 min South by 310 deg East on a basaltic plain.
		Venera 14 landed at: 13 degrees and 15 minutes South, 310 degrees East (50 degrees West).
	uplink.space.com /showflat.php?Cat=&Board=sciastro&Number=575111&page=9&view=collapsed&sb=9&o=0&fpart= (0 words)

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