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Topic: Venetic alphabet

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	Venetic language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Venetic was rather archaic in phonetics; its vowels could be either long or short, numerous diphthongs existed.
		Four types of conjugation were used in Venetic, obviously all tenses merged into two: the present and the past (with maybe sigmatic aorist forms).
		Venetic is believed to be a single group very close to Italic, Illyrian and Celtic.
	indoeuro.bizland.com /tree/balk/venetic.html (297 words)

	VENETI - Online Information article about VENETI
		The alphabet of Este then, in what the archaeological remains show to have been the 4th and 3rd centuries B.C., was as follows:- 11 a, 1 c, l v, % z, lei h, ® 0,)1-k, 1 t, I rn,:l n, 'r1 p, Ml,ar,2andSs,Xt,Au,orm0,x,0.
		littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e.
		So far as the scanty linguistic evidence at present extends, in the place names and the personal names of the Ligurian and the Venetic districts, it appears to the present writer on the whole to be more in favour of the second' view.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /VAN_VIR/VENETI.html (2507 words)

	Encyclopedia: Venetic language
		Venetic is an extinct Indo-European language that was spoken in ancient times in the central Europe from modern Slovak and Sloven territory, Histria, the southern fringe of the Alps, to the Po River delta.
		At the time of Julius Caesar Venet tribes had spread all over Europe, from the [Baltic] to the Adriatic Sea from the Atlantic Venet (exterminated by Julius Caesar in th 56 BC, as mentioned in De Bello Gallico to the former Troians (in the XII century the venet Antenore rejoint the Adriatic Venet in Padua).
		Venetic: mego donasto Åainatei reitiiai porai egeotora aimoi ke louderobos
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Venetic-language (1576 words)

	Venetic language - Encyclopedia, History and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Venetic is an extinct Indo-European language that was spoken in ancient times in the Veneto region of Italy, between the Po River delta and the southern fringe of the Alps.
		The exact relationship of Venetic to other Indo-European languages is still being investigated, but the majority of scholars agree that Venetic was closest to the Italic languages (a group that includes Latin and Umbrian).
		Venetic: mego donasto sainatei reitiai porai egeotora aimoi ke louderobos
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Venetic (305 words)

	Encyclopedia: Runic alphabet
		The Runic alphabets are a set of related alphabets using letters known as runes, formerly used to write Germanic languages, mainly in Scandinavia and the British Isles.
		The Nabatean alphabet is a consonantal alphabet (abjad) that was used by the Nabateans in the 2nd century BC.
		The letters of the Gothic alphabet, however, as given by the Alcuin manuscript (9th century), are obviously related to the names of the Futhark.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Runic-alphabet (9612 words)

	VENETI - LoveToKnow Article on VENETI
		The alphabet of Este then, in what the archaeological remains show to have been the 4th and 3rd centuries B c, was as follows na,, ~c, lv, % z, ~ ~O,.)1.k, 11,1 rn,.ln,ip, N.i, ar, iand ~ s~ X ~:A u, ~orCI) 4,+x~ ~O c.
		So far as the scanty linguistic evidence at present extends, in the place names and the personal names of the Ligurian and the Venetic districts, it appears to the present writer on the whole to be more in favor of the second view.
		Some were reported by Mommsen, Die Insehriften Norditaliischeu Alphabets (Zurich, 1853); the rest have been recorded in the Notizie deEli Scavs~ as they appeared, by Ghirardini in the volumes for 1880 and 1888, by Prosdocimi in that for 1890.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /V/VE/VENETI.htm (1081 words)

	Old Italic alphabet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The alphabets derive from Euboean Greek Cumaean alphabet, used at Ischia and Cumae in the Bay of Naples in the eighth century BC.
		It is not clear whether the process of adaptation from the Greek alphabet took place in Italy from the first colony of Greeks, the city of Cumae, or in Greece/Asia Minor.
		In the alphabets of the West, X had the sound value [ks], Ψ stood for [kʰ]; in Etruscan: X = [s], Ψ = [kʰ] or [kχ] (Rix 202-209).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Old_Italic_alphabet (375 words)

	Runic alphabet - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Although the Etruscan alphabet is usually a good candidate for runes' origin, that's it, South- or Central European derivation, there have been considerations whether the glyphs' geometrical shape originate from tree branches and notches, or whether they were created for practical purpose when carving in wood.
		The alphabets may be derived from the Latin alphabet but with Nabataean glyphs and phonemes, a variant of the Semitian alphabet.
		The letters of the Gothic alphabet, however, as given by the Alcuin manuscript (9th century), are clearly related to the names of the runes.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Runic (2227 words)

	RAIXE VENETE
		Venetic was rather archaic in phonetics; its vowels could be either long or short, numerous diphthongs existed.
		Four types of conjugation were used in Venetic, obviously all tenses merged into two: the present and the past (with maybe sigmatic aorist forms).
		Venetic speakers are sometimes identified as Italics or Illyrians, but evidently they were none of them, though closely related to these two groups.
	www.raixevenete.net /documenti/doc49.asp (550 words)

	Venetic language -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Venetic should not be confused with (A resident of Venice) Venetian, a Romance language presently spoken in that region.
		Venetic is a (Click link for more info and facts about centum) centum language.
		Venetic may also have been close to the (Click link for more info and facts about Illyrian languages) Illyrian languages.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/V/Ve/Venetic_language.htm (285 words)

	Ancient Scripts: Venetic
		The Venetics were a people that inhabited the northern coast of the Adriatic Sea during the Iron Age, roughly from 1000 BCE until domination by the Roman Empire.
		Venetic was usually written from right to left, but it could also be written from left to right.
		The Venetics were absorbed by the Roman Empire, and the Venetic script ceased to be used by the 1st century BCE.
	www.ancientscripts.com /venetic.html (359 words)

	SABELLIC - LoveToKnow Article on SABELLIC
		Not even the transcription of their alphabet has reached the stage of certainty, for even in this small number of inscriptions the alphabet seems to vary.
		The chief doubt is about the value of V and V (or A and A) which appear beside the symbol A on the same inscriptions; and of the dots in the middle of the line which are certainly not interpuncts.
		It is a very interesting monument both for its own sake, since it is sculptured as well as inscribed (there is oneor morehunting or pastoral scene on the back), and because the archaeological stratum (late Bronze period) of the cemetery from which it is believed to have come is clearly marked.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /S/SA/SABELLIC.htm (575 words)

	Italic Alphabets
		The original Etruscan alphabet consisted of 26 letters and was written from the right (which is important, because most Indo-Europeans write from the left).
		Oscan, Umbrian, Volscian, Venetic and other alphabets of Indo-European tribes accepted the Etruscan writing, but it appeared not quite convenient for Indo-European languages: for example, in Etruscan there was no sound [o], which coincided with [u], so Italic nations had to follow this rule and to write [u] instead of [o].
		Written in an alphabet close to Etruscan, it was made in the unknown language, also related somehow to Etruscan and Rhaetic.
	indoeuro.bizland.com /project/script/itali.html (515 words)

	OLD ITALIC ALPHABET FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The alphabets derive from Euboean_Greek Cumaean_alphabet, used at Ischia and Cumae in the Bay_of_Naples in the eighth_century_BC.
		It is not clear whether the process of adaptation from the Greek_alphabet took place in Italy from the first colony of Greeks, the city of Cumae, or in Greece/Asia_Minor.
		In the alphabets of the West, X had the sound value, Ψ stood for ; in Etruscan: X =, Ψ = or (Rix 202-209).
	velocipay.com /Old_Italic_alphabet (313 words)

	Alphabet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Anyhow, the research on the Etruscan alphabet was concluded in 1833 only, when Lepsius recognized the symbol for z, with a last supplement in 1936, when E. Fiesel discovered the sibilant value of the symbol X used in the VI century inscriptions of the area going from Cere to Veio.
		According to Tacitus, the alphabet was brought onto the Etruscans by the father of Tarquinius Priscus, the name of whom was Demaratos from Corinthus.
		The Etruscan alphabet was rapidly adopted in all the areas that underwent Etruscan influence.
	users.tpg.com.au /etr/etrusk/po/alphabet.html (400 words)

	Runic alphabet
		The earliest runic inscriptions date from circa 200, and runic alphabets were used continuously for the next 1700 years, last being attested as used in 19th century rural Sweden.
		The most likely candidate for the origins of runic scripts are 5th to 1st century BC Lepontic, Rhaetic and Venetic alphabets from northern Italy, all closely related to each other and descended from Etruscan.
		Althought the Etruscan alphabet is usually a good candidate for runes' origin, that's it, South- or Central European derivation, there have been considerations whether the glyphs' geometrical shape orginate from tree branches and notches, or whether they were created for practical purpose when carving in wood.
	www.askfactmaster.com /Runic (1396 words)

	Runic alphabet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The Northern Italic alphabet is usually quoted as a candidate for the origin of the runes.
		Hälsinge runes are found in the Hälsingland region of Sweden, used between the 10th and 12th centuries.
		Unfortunately, it is sometimes difficult to draw a precise boundary line between these and Nazi mysticism, but the mere use of runes should not be construed as sufficient proof of any connection to fascist ideas.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Rune (3056 words)

	Ancient Scripts: Alphabet
		This alphabet, though, eventually disappeared from the mainstream, and survived as the Samaritan script.
		In Israel, it became the "Jewish" alphabet, the direct descendant of which is the modern Hebrew alphabet.
		Traditionally the Greeks held that their alphabet was derived from the Phoenician alphabet, and many scholars agree with this as well.
	www.ancientscripts.com /alphabet.html (1403 words)

	RUNIC ALPHABET FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		150, and the alphabet was generally replaced by the Latin_alphabet with Christianisation, by ca.
		The most likely candidates for the origins of runic scripts are the 5th to 1st_century_BC Northern_Italic_alphabets, Lepontic, Rhaetic and Venetic, all closely related to each other and themselves descended from the Old_Italic_alphabet.
		The Icelandic sources do not relate how the runes were transmitted to mortal men, but in 1555, the exiled Swedish archbishop Olaus_Magnus recorded a tradition that a man named Kettil_Runske had stolen three rune staffs from Odin and learnt the runes and their magic.
	www.justspringbreak.com /Runic_alphabet (3060 words)

	Uniqueness in the heart of Europe - Venetic script 1.
		A number of archaeological discoveries give strong evidence that Este was an important centre of Venetic culture in 7th to 4th century BC, with a great shrine to the god (or goddess) Reitia and more importantly, a school for scribes.
		Matej Bor, Slovenian poet and linguist had studied the problem of the Venetic script over a number of years. In contrast to the prevailing opinion, he believed in the Slavic origin of the Venetic language (rather than Italic), He found enough indicators to warrant an investigation based on this premise.
		The Slovenian linguist concluded that they were fragments or chapters on Venetic phonology and morphology — the remnants of a fairly sophisticated teaching tool, demonstrating an unexpected level of understanding of language structures.
	www.thezaurus.com /sloveniana/venetic_script1.htm (572 words)

	THE “TAVOLA DA ESTE” INSCRIPTION by Anthony Ambrozic,
		The original Venetic alphabet reflected this exchange by having the same symbol for both B and V. In respect to BARO [VARO(U) in dial.
		RES is the Venetic counterpart of today’s dial.
		VAN is the Venetic counterpart for the contemporary dial.
	www.maknews.com /html/articles/ambrozic/ambrozic.html (3186 words)

	Feltrin - The Venetians
		This was called the Brahmanic Alphabet, while the Sanskrit Alphabet was used religiously and where precision was needed, the Brahmanic Alphabet was used dialy by the Aryans to write things here and there, to trade, and to speak in their roughly quotidian-non-ceremonial life.
		As the languages changed, so the alphabet, the greater are the disparities between two versions, the greater is the lenght of time in which the alphabet has changed (or the people splitted from the Aryan Craddle).
		The consequences of these successive wars (cruzades, cambrai, and moors), were that we lost those that knew our ancient language (Venetic), we lost many goods gained during centuries of trade, and we turned vulnerable to the neighbours.
	snow.prohosting.com /fltrn/the_venetians.html (3376 words)

	Case-Study 1: Northeast Italy
		Of the five groups Venetic is the most widespread, being found throughout the southern part of the region, and as far north as Lagole, the site of a major palaeovenetic sanctuary.
		Inscriptions written in Venetic language and alphabet are also found as far afield as the central Appenines.
		The first occurrence of alphabetic inscriptions dates to the late 6th century BC, and Venetic is not superceded as a written language by Latin until well into the 1st century BC, although many of the later inscriptions use the Roman alphabet.
	www.ucl.ac.uk /ancient-literacy/project-case1.htm (860 words)

	Venetic
		Venetic is the language of the Iron Age Este culture.
		There is no consensus on where Venetic is exactly situated on the family tree of the Indoeuropean languages.
		Venetic is a christallized relict of a set of linguistic elements of Indo-European ] (Buti-Devoto: Preistoria e storia delle regioni d'Italia.
	users.tpg.com.au /etr/etrusk/po/venetic.html (207 words)

	Historical Alphabets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The Runic alphabet is also known as Futhark, a name composed from the first six letters of the alphabet, namely f, u, th, a, r, and k.
		As many old letters were removed from the alphabet, several of the remaining letters were overloaded to represent multiple sounds: th was used for /þ/ and /ð/; u for /u/ and /o/; k for /k/, /g/, and /ng/; i for /i/ and /e/; t for /t/ and /d/; and b for /b/ and /p/.
		Some claim that it stems from a cryptic way of writing runes, some others say that it is inspired from the Roman alphabet, and yet others hold that it is independently invented.
	www.paintgod.com /pages/h_alphabets.htm (2019 words)

	Ancient Scripts: Types of Writing Systems
		Consonantal alphabets are also known as abjads, and are all descendents of the Proto-Sinaitic script.
		In a "pure" consonantal alphabet, vowels are not written.
		Nearly all the sounds in a language can be represented by an appropriate consonant and vowel alphabet.
	www.ancientscripts.com /ws_types.html (343 words)

	Talk:Venetic language - Enpsychlopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		I also read that Venetic was closely related to the Italic languages, which was stated as a matter of fact.
		I read some text written by Venetic theory supporters which was meant to show that Venetic was close to Slovene and I have to say that it was a pure and arbitrary game of associations which had nothing to do with a linguistic analysis.
		The alphabet used was a variant of the Old Italic alphabet.
	www.grohol.com /psypsych/Talk:Venetic_language (955 words)

	General ratio malaguti.org
		Venetic language /vi'netik/, an ancient language of NE Italy, usually regarded as belonging ti the Italic branch of the Indo-European family.
		The chief Venetic settlement was Este (later the Roman colony of Ateste), which was also the cult centre of their important divinity Reitia, possibly a goddess of childbirth.
		The horses bred in Venetia were famous in the Greek world, and there was other commerce both with Greek lands and with the Alps and northern Europe, including some control of the amber route from the Baltic.
	www.malaguti.org /en/en008.html (246 words)

	Venetic Language Encyclopedia Article, History, Biography at Karr.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Looking For venetic language - Find venetic language and more at Lycos Search.
		Venetic should not be confused with VenetianVeneto, a Romance language presently spoken in the former Venet Republic and in other part of the world where the Venet had emigrated to during the 20th century, such as Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil, Maremma etc.
		A sample inscription in Venetic, found on a bronze nail at Este (Es 45):
	www.karr.net /search/encyclopedia/Venetic_language (749 words)

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