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	Venetian Ghetto - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Venetian Ghetto was the area of Venice in which Jewish people were compelled to live under the Venetian Republic.
		The Ghetto is an area of the Cannaregio sestiere of Venice.
		For the rest of the 19th century, the population of the Ghetto declined steeply and many of the buildings fell into disrepair.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Venetian_Ghetto (462 words)

	Ghetto - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A ghetto is an area where people from a specific racial or ethnic background or united in a given culture or religion live as a group, voluntarily or involuntarily, in milder or stricter seclusion.
		This was the last of the original ghettos to be abolished in Western Europe; not until 1870, when the kingdom of Italy conquered Rome from the Pope, was the Ghetto finally opened, with the walls themselves being torn down in 1888.
		The first large ghetto at Tuliszkow was established in December 1939 or January 1940, followed by the Łódź Ghetto in April 1940 and the Warsaw Ghetto in October 1940, with many other ghettos established throughout 1940 and 1941.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ghetto (3151 words)

	The Virtual Jewish History Tour - Venice
		The commercial activity of the ghetto was halted during the plague that spread throughout Europe in 1630-31 and hit the Jewish community of Venice in the summer of 1630.
		Venice became part of the Hapsburg empire in 1798 and some of the restrictions were reintroduced, however, the ghetto was not officially reestablished.
		According to legend, the stone was brought to Venice from the Temple in Jerusalem.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/vjw/Venice.html (2507 words)

	Venice Ghetto
		The Ghetto was instituted by the Venetian Republic in 1516 as a compulsory place of residence for Jews.
		The word itself, ghetto, seems to have originated in Venice: the term derives from the contortion of the work geto (‘to throw’ as a synonym for ‘to cast’), referring to the foundries that were located here in early times.
		Within the Ghetto stand the Synagogues, also called Scole - distinguished by their cupolas - and the Jewish Museum, which is accessed through Ghetto Nuovo; it is a small but very rich museum with many exemplars of the goldsmith’s and textile arts dating from between the 16th and 19th century, evidence of the Jewish traditions.
	www.italyhotelsearch.com /veniceghetto.htm (134 words)

	Historic Jewish Ghetto - Save Venice
		After Venice's defeat in the League of Cambrai, in which the city fought every power in Europe, many refugees poured in, and the Jewish population became a valuable asset for its medical, banking and commerce skills.
		Venice imposed a curfew on the Jewish community, and required residents to wear identifying badges.
		At the spiritual heart of the Ghetto were the synagogues, which were known in Venice as scole, partly because their function in some ways resembled that of the Christian confraternities (scuole) as places of devotion, learning and charity.
	www.savevenice.org /site/pp.asp?c=9eIHKWMHF&b=67642 (337 words)

	Gallery - Venice Ghetto - Photos
		Canal separating the Ghetto Vecchio and the Nuovo Ghetto sections of the Venice Jewish Quarter.
		Center of the Ghetto Nuovo section of the Jewish Quarter in Venice, Italy.
		View of the Ghetto Nuovo in Venice from the Ponte de de Ghetto Nuovo.
	fcit.coedu.usf.edu /holocaust/photos/venez3/venez3.htm (311 words)

	Ghetto Nuovo, Venice
		In 1541 the Jews arriving from the East were settled in the Ghetto Vecchio.
		The word "ghetto" is said to be derived from "gettare" - to cast in metal - and this district was named after the original foundries.
		The gates of the ghetto remained locked from dusk until dawn.
	www.planetware.com /venice/ghetto-nuovo-i-vn-vjm.htm (376 words)

	Wikinfo \| Ghetto (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The name ghetto refers to an area where people from a given ethnic background or united in a given culture or religion live as a group, voluntarily or involuntarily, in milder or stricter seclusion.
		Ghettos were progressively abolished, and their walls demolished, in the 19th century, following the ideals of the French Revolution, but the Nazis re-instituted them before and during World War II in Eastern Europe.
		The inhabitants of the ghettos of Eastern Europe were among the first to be deported to the extermination camps during the Holocaust.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Ghetto (1083 words)

	Ghetto (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The character of ghettos has varied through In some cases the ghetto was a quarter with a relatively affluent population (for the Jewish ghetto in Venice).
		During World War II ghettos served as repositories in a concentration process of the Jewish population easing the of that population by the Nazis.
		The inhabitants of the ghettos of Eastern Europe were among the first to be to extermination camps during the Holocaust.
	www.freeglossary.com /Ghetto (1304 words)

	The Jewish Journal Of Greater Los Angeles
		Venice is the famous city of romance, where boatmen serenade visitors with operatic arias in gondolas that glide through canals under charming bridges.
		From 1516, Jews in Venice were forced to live literally and symbolically walled off from the rest of the population.
		The word ghetto is a corruption of the Venetian getto (the g is pronounced as in jet), which means foundry, after the iron foundry that was here before the ghetto walls went up.
	www.jewishjournal.com /home/preview.php?id=9620 (1197 words)

	Ghetto - Venice, Italy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Venice was one of the few states to tolerate the Jewish religion.
		As in Venice Jews were not persecuted and were free to practise their religion, their population was augmented by refugees from more oppressive states.
		In 1516 the Serenissima decided that all Jews residing in Venice should be moved to the island near the 'teren del geto' (the area of the copper foundry).
	www.cheapvenice.com /ghetto-of-venice.htm (618 words)

	New Page 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The word "ghetto" has been used in numerous contexts and carried various meanings in its history, yet the first use of the word is somewhat unclear.
		Unlike the ghettos of the Renaissance and the Enlightenment, the Nazi ghettos were overcrowded, impoverished, disease-plagued areas marked off by stone or brick walls, wooden fences, and barbed wire.
		The fl ghettos did not always contain dilapidated houses and deteriorating projects, nor were all of its residents poverty-stricken (Smitherman 144).
	kpearson.faculty.tcnj.edu /Dictionary/ghetto.htm (993 words)

	Jewish Museum of Venice - the Ghetto
		Little by little, despite alternating moments of "permission" and "prohibition", the number and importance of Jews in Venice grew considerably, so much that on March 29th 1516 the Republic found it necessary to enact a decree to organize their presence.
		Known as "Scole", the synagogues of the Venetian ghetto were constructed between the early-sixteenth and mid-seventeenth centuries.
		What was Europe's first ghetto is now a lively and popular district of the city where the religious and administrative institutions of the Jewish Community and its five synagogues still persist.
	www.museoebraico.it /english/ghetto.html (443 words)

	venice itineraries
		The origin of this name is Venetian, as the first ghetto in the world was established in Venice in 1516, in the area of the metal foundries ("geto" in Venetian dialect: pronounced with a guttural 'g' by the German Jews, who were the first to settle down here).
		Nevertheless, the ghetto was a lively place, with shops and schools, and the pawnshops, which the Jews were obliged to run for the city; so Jews spread their commercial and cultural exchanges with the rest of the city.
		Venice has 5 synagogues or "schole" (schools), named after the rites: the Spanish school (by the famous architect Baldassarre Longhena?), the Levantine school, the Italian school, the Canton school (after the name of a German Jewish family) and the German school.
	www.veniceword.com /vemaps2.html (771 words)

	HISTORY OF GHETTO OF VENICE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Thus was born Europe’s first "ghetto", which is still a thriving district of the city where the Jewish religious and administrative institutions live on and two Synagogues are still open for worship.
		The first zone assigned to the Jews was called "Ghetto Nuovo" because there was a new foundry there; "Ghetto Vecchio", named for the old foundry, was the second zone granted to the Jews, after 1541; finally, "Ghetto Novissimo" was the area given in 1633.
		At night the Jews were required to remain in the ghetto, closed by means of two doors at the entrances of the access passages, where one can still see signs of the hinges.
	www-writing.montaigne.u-bordeaux.fr /univ/ghetto.htm (555 words)

	THE IRANIAN: Venice Jewish Ghetto, Roxanne Moin
		Established in an area formerly containing cannon foundries, the community came to be known as the ghetto, Italian for the word foundry.
		Not only did they have to live in the ghetto, but they also had to wear signs of identification when working in the city's pawnshop and were not allowed to venture out of the guarded ghetto at night.
		The community has persisted throughout time: through the Napoleonic era when they were declared as equal to all other citizens and through World War II where a couple of hundred from the community were deported and whom never returned from the concentration camps.
	www.iranian.com /Travelers/2004/July/Venice (637 words)

	Il Ghetto (the Jewish Ghetto) \| Museum/Attraction Review \| Venice \| Frommers.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Venice's relationship with its longtime Jewish community fluctuated over time from acceptance to borderline tolerance, attitudes often influenced by the fear that Jewish moneylenders and merchants would infiltrate other sectors of the republic's commerce under a government that thrived on secrecy and control.
		Still, it remains the center of Venice's ever-diminishing community of Jewish families; although accounts vary widely, it's said that anywhere from 500 to 2,000 Jews live in all of Venice and Mestre.
		Aside from its historic interest, this is also one of the less touristy neighborhoods in Venice (though it is becoming somewhat of a nightspot), and makes for a pleasant and scenic place to stroll.
	www.frommers.com /destinations/venice/A33541.html (395 words)

	H-Net Review: John K. Brackett on The Jews of Early Modern Venice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Hence the origins of the term "ghetto," as the most evocative generic name for a section of a city: the pejorative meaning is widely recognized--a ghetto is never a pleasant place to live, and its inhabitants are always viewed as marginal.
		The New Ghetto of 1516 was walled-in; further stigmatization came with the assignment of a yellow circle to be worn on the sleeve or a yellow or red cap for the head.
		For Venice, the sixteenth-century version, established in 1540 with mixed lay and ecclesiastical makeup, was preceded by a medieval counterpart, founded in 1249, and disbanded in 1423.
	www.h-net.org /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=175701048835768 (1536 words)

	Venice guide - Venice travel guide - Venice - guide to Venice - Italy travel Venice - airport Venice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Venice Ghetto was the first to be set up in Europe and was founded in 1516, further to laws issued by the Serenissima: The Venetian Jews had to live inside the area bordered by the Ghetto Bridge, and could not leave the area from dusk until dawn.
		Guards were placed at the Ghetto boundaries to control the Jews’ movements and the Ghetto was closed at night with gates.
		The word “ghetto” comes from the word “getto”, the noun coming from the Italian verb “gettare”: before the area was made into a residence for Jews, the copper foundries were based here and “gettare” is the dialect word used to explain the work carried out in the foundries.
	www.veniceworld.com /venice_guide_places_charm.htm (844 words)

	Jewish Studies - Conferences (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Venice and its Jewish community, which was formed in the Ghetto, offers an ideal case study, a microcosm that encompasses many aspects of Italian Jewish history.
		Encountering each other in the ghetto to which they were confined, the Jews of Venice gradually developed a distinctive Jewish Venetian style that expressed itself in their liturgy, their music, and their relations with their neighbors.
		These historic events and processes left their mark on the Venetian Ghetto: to read the Ghetto is to encounter the experience of a major diasporic Jewish community, connected to and in some ways similar to the paradigmatic Jewish communities of Eastern Europe and Germany, yet different enough from them to provide a unique perspective.
	humwww.ucsc.edu /JewishStudies/nehvenice_progdescription.html (860 words)

	Il Ghetto (The Jewish Ghetto) - Venice, Italy
		Il Ghetto (the Jewish Ghetto) in Venice is the area in which all Jews were forced to live from the 16th to the 18th century.
		Venice's relationship with its longtime Jewish community fluctuated over time from acceptance to tolerance, with attitudes often influenced by the fear that Jewish moneylenders and merchants would infiltrate other sectors of the republic's commerce under a government that thrived on secrecy and control.
		With the arrival of Napoléon in 1797, the ghetto was disbanded and Jews were free to move wherever they liked, but the Jews realized full freedom only in the late 19th century with the founding of the Italian state.
	www.sacred-destinations.com /italy/venice-ghetto.htm (830 words)

	JewishVenice.com - Jewish Ghetto - History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The first Jews were allowed to settle in Venice only in 1385, when the city was involved in a war against neighbouring Chioggia and needed loans from the Jewish money-lenders.
		They were allowed to area not far from today's train station, where there had be leave the Ghetto during the day, but were marked as Jews: Men wore a yellow circle stitched on the left shoulder of their cloaks or jackets, while women wore a yellow scarf.
		When they got their own neighbourhood, an extension of the Venetian Ghetto granted in 1541, they were wealthy enough to build a Synagogue on the ground, rather than in cramped top floor apartments.
	www.jewishvenice.org /ghetto/history.html (641 words)

	Venice guide, guide of venice directory, venice directory guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Venice Jewish Ghetto was a zone Jewish people had to live in and from which they could not go out from sunset to sunrise.
		The Venice Jewish Ghetto is the most ancient of Europe, instituted in March 1516 in consequence to the laws issued by the Serenissima Repubblica, and was eliminated by Napoleon when, in 1797, he conquered Venice, opening every gate.
		Today, the Ghetto is still the main home of the Jewish community, with the synagogues and the Jewish museum, which is small but rich in precious objects that testimony of this people's history and culture.
	www.venicedirectory.com /index.php?view_category2=1&id_category1=35 (560 words)

	ghetto booty information site
		The first large ghetto at Tuliszkow was established in December 1939 or January 1940, followed by the Lodz Ghetto in April 1940 and the Warsaw Ghetto in October 1940, with many other ghettos established throughout 1940 and 1941.
		The Jews were not allowed out of the ghetto, so they had to rely on food supplied by the Nazis, which in Warsaw that was 253 kcal, compared to 669 kcal for Poles and 2,613 kcal for Germans.
		Unlike real ghetto life, the family usually was victorious over their suffering and persevered.
	www.misspellingz.com /ghettobooty.php (2417 words)

	UD Travel : Venice Ghetto (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		By 1541 the nearby area, called Ghetto Vecchio (Old Ghetto) because it was an older section of town, was opened to house more Jews; and by 1663 the government opened the last section, the neighboring Ghetto Nuovo (New Ghetto) for more Jews.
		The Ghetto had expanded all it was allowed.
		Today, this section has taller buildings than the rest of the city because the community constructed skyward to accommodate the 5,000 residents in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.
	www.desires.com /2.5/Travel/Venice/Docs/venice2.html (158 words)

	Venice Ghetto - Venice for Visitors
		Venice actually has two Jewish cemeteries on the Lido: one old, one new.
		The older (and smaller) cemetery is said to be the oldest graveyard in Europe, dating back to a time when Jews were buried in sand on the edges of the Venetian lagoon.
		The menu is Israeli and Italian, the staff is Hasidic, and the food is first-rate at this kosher restaurant in the Ghetto Vecchio.
	europeforvisitors.com /venice/articles/venice_ghetto4.htm (421 words)

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