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Topic: Ventricle (heart)

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Heart

Heart

Systole

Tricuspid valve

Heart valve

Atrial septal defect

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia

Cardiology

Cardiovascular system

Heartbeat

Pulmonary vein

Blood

Bigeminy

Circulatory system

Electrocardiogram

	Ventricle (heart) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the heart, a ventricle is a heart chamber which collects blood from an atrium (another heart chamber that is smaller than ventricle) and pumps it out of the heart.
		In a four-chambered heart, such as that in humans, there are two ventricles: the right ventricle pumps blood into the pulmonary circulation for the lungs, and the left ventricle pumps blood into the systemic circulation for the rest of the body.
		Ventricles have thicker walls than the atria, and thus can create the higher blood pressure.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ventricle_(heart) (165 words)

	Heart - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the human body, the heart is normally situated slightly to the left of the middle of the thorax, underneath the sternum (breastbone).
		The heart is enclosed by a sac known as the pericardium and is surrounded by the lungs.
		Amphibians and reptiles have a three-chambered heart, in which oxygenated blood from the lungs and de-oxygenated blood from the respiring tissues enters by separate atria, and is directed via a spiral valve to the appropriate vessel—aorta for oxygenated blood and pulmonary vein for deoxygenated blood.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Heart (1457 words)

	Wikinfo \| Heart
		The heart (Latin, cor) is a hollow, muscular organ that pumps blood through the vessels and cavities of an animal's body by repeated, rhythmic contractions.
		In the human body the heart is situated slightly to the left of the middle of the thorax, behind the breastbone (sternum).
		The ventricles are the parts of the heart that pump blood around the body or to the lungs.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Heart (1171 words)

	Heart and Circulatory System
		Heart and circulatory problems are grouped into two categories: congenital, which means the problems were present at birth, and acquired, which means that the problems developed some time when a person was a kid or teen.
		Congenital heart defects are heart problems that babies have at birth.
		Heart attacks are very rare in children and teens.
	kidshealth.org /teen/your_body/body_basics/heart.html (2060 words)

	Heart Failure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Heart failure is a chronic condition characterized by the heart's diminished ability to pump blood effectively.
		For example, coronary artery disease may cause the development of small areas of damage over the years, heart attacks cause muscle tissue to be replaced by scar tissue and high blood pressure may result in the left pumping chamber of the heart (left ventricle) to overwork and weaken.
		The heart can compensate with these mechanisms for a period of time; however, eventually these compensatory mechanisms actually contribute to the progression of the disease by causing the walls of the heart to enlarge too much.
	www.ahaf.org /hrtstrok/about/HeartFailure2.htm (739 words)

	The Structure of The Human Heart
		The ventricles meet at the bottom of the heart to form a pointed base which points toward the left side of your chest.
		Located in the middle of the chest behind the breastbone, between the lungs, the heart rests in a moistened chamber called the pericardial cavity which is surrounded by the ribcage.
		Heart surgery is very risky because the heart's pumping action is so critical for survival.
	sln.fi.edu /biosci/structure/structure.html (511 words)

	Single Ventricle Anomalies, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
		The single ventricle must not be overworked for a long period of time, in terms of either having to pump too much blood or pump at too high a pressure.
		Whatever is needed in the newborn period, the aim is typically to balance the blood flow between the lungs and the body, achieving stable oxygen levels and adequate heart function.
		During the Fontan operation, blood returning to the heart from the lower half of the body (via the inferior vena cava) is connected directly the blood from the pulmonary arteries.
	www.cincinnatichildrens.org /health/heart-encyclopedia/anomalies/sv.htm (1722 words)

	Cardiovascular Physiology
		The heart is the muscular organ of the circulatory system that constantly pumps blood throughout the body.
		Approximately the size of a clenched fist, the heart is composed of cardiac muscle tissue that is very strong and able to contract and relax rhythmically throughout a person's lifetime.
		Because the heart is composed primarily of cardiac muscle tissue that continuously contracts and relaxes, it must have a constant supply of oxygen and nutrients.
	www.eng.uab.edu /bme/faculty/aanayiot/biofluids/cardiova.htm (1438 words)

	The Vertebrate Animal Heart: Unevolvable, whether Primitive or Complex
		Amphibians and reptiles have 3 chambers: 2 atria and a ventricle.
		The 4 chambered heart differs from the 3 chambered heart in that it keeps oxygenated blood completely separate from de-oxygnated blood, because there is one ventricle for deoxgynated blood and one for oxygenated blood.
		Though the 4 chambered heart may not be irreducibly complex with respect to "double circulation", it might still be the result of intelligent design and not evolution, and irreducible complexity doesn't have to exist in all instances for it to exist in some.
	www.ideacenter.org /contentmgr/showdetails.php/id/1113 (3268 words)

	Anatomy
		The aorta is the main artery of the body, arising from the base of the left ventricle of the heart.
		The heart must pump with more force, and the arteries must carry blood that is moving under greater pressure.
		This is an evaluation of the amount of blood ejected during each contraction of the left ventricle of the heart, as well an as assessment of the volume of blood flowing through the heart.
	www.isesonline.org /glossary/Anatomy_glossary.htm (1873 words)

	Introduction: Heart Valve Disorders: Merck Manual Home Edition
		In the right ventricle, the inlet valve is the tricuspid valve, which opens from the right atrium, and the outlet valve is the pulmonary (pulmonic) valve, which opens into the pulmonary arteries.
		In the left ventricle, the inlet valve is the mitral valve, which opens from the left atrium, and the outlet valve is the aortic valve, which opens into the aorta.
		As the left ventricle begins to contract (during systole), the mitral valve closes, the aortic valve opens, and blood is ejected into the aorta.
	www.merck.com /mmhe/sec03/ch028/ch028a.html (349 words)

	The Heart
		For your GCSE biology exam you should be able to label a diagram of the heart, put arrows on the diagram to show how blood flows through the heart, and explain how the muscles and valves force blood through the heart.
		You should also know that the left hand side of the heart pumps blood from the lungs to the rest of the body and that the right hand side pumps blood from the body back to the lungs.
		Some people have a "heart murmur", this is when the bicuspid valve does not close properly and some blood does go backwards.
	www.purchon.com /biology/heart.htm (625 words)

	Congenital Heart Disease: Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome - Texas Heart Institute Heart Information Center
		The left ventricle is the lower-left chamber of the heart and is responsible for pumping oxygen-rich blood to the body.
		The inferior vena cava, which carries oxygen-poor blood to the heart from the lower part of the body, is connected to the pulmonary artery, which carries this blood into the lungs.
		Texas Heart Institute, Texas Heart Institute Journal, THI, Heart Owner's, The Heart of Discovery, and Leading With the Heart are members of the family of trademarks of the Texas Heart Institute.
	www.tmc.edu /thi/lefthear.html (773 words)

	The Human Heart
		The heart is one of the most important organs in the entire human body.
		The walls of the heart are made up of three layers, while the cavity is divided into four parts.
		It is the atria that draw the blood from the lungs and body, and the ventricles that pump it to the lungs and body.
	www.worldinvisible.com /apologet/humbody/heart.htm (680 words)

	Types of CHD and their Descriptions
		Disorder characterized by distinctive malformations of the bones of the thumbs and forearms (upper limbs) and/or abnormalities of the heart.
		In this congenital heart defect, the aorta (the main artery that carries blood to the body) originates from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery (the artery that carries low-oxygen blood to the lungs) from the left ventricle.
		Normally, blood entering the right side of the heart stays on the right side (this is low-oxygen blood), and blood on the left side of the heart stays on the left side (this is oxygen-rich blood) which is then pumped to the rest of the body.
	www.congenitalheartdefects.com /typesofCHD.html (7798 words)

	Congenital Heart Defects
		Congenital heart defects are abnormalities in the heart's structure that are present at birth.
		Typically there is a large hole between the upper chambers of the heart (the atria) and, often, an additional hole between the lower chambers of the heart (the ventricles).
		When the structures of the left side of the heart (the left ventricle, the mitral valve, and the aortic valve) are underdeveloped, they are unable to pump blood adequately to the entire body.
	kidshealth.org /parent/medical/heart/congenital_heart_defects.html (1891 words)

	TheFetus.net - Double inlet single ventricle-Kathleen M. Tate, MD, Ann Kavanaugh-McHugh, MD, Philippe Jeanty, MD, PhD
		Single ventricle heart with double inlet is a rare congenital anomaly, comprising 1% of all congenital heart defects.
		A large pulmonary artery was connected to the ventricle and a smaller, hypoplastic aorta appeared to arise from a rudimentary outflow chamber (fig.
		In normal development of the heart, the left ventricle trabecular component is formed from the inlet segment of the primitive ventricle of the primary heart tube, while the right ventricle trabecular component forms from the outlet segment of the bulbus.
	www.thefetus.net /page.php?id=41 (2174 words)

	MODELING OF THE LEFT CARDIAC VENTRICLE USING THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD
		Heart disease is the number one killer in the Unites States and in the world.
		For instance, in a dog's heart, the orientation of myofibers is parallel to the wall of the left ventricle and varies from +60 degrees at the endocardium to -60 degrees at the epicardium compare to the circumferential direction.
		We can observe that the left ventricle is moving up because at the apex, the end state in blue and fl mesh is visible.
	www.me.jhu.edu /~molinari/Fleury/Fleury.htm (589 words)

	Single ventricle defects - My Child Has - Children's Hospital Boston
		The right ventricle normally pumps blue blood (without oxygen) out of the heart through the pulmonary artery to the lungs for oxygen and the left ventricle normally pumps red blood (with oxygen) through the aorta out of the heart to the body.
		Single ventricle defects is an umbrella term used to describe several very different complex congenital (present at birth) heart defects that share the same problem: the heart has only one functional ventricle.
		Single ventricle heart defects can cause children to become cyanotic (blue) since a mixture of oxygen-poor (blue) and oxygen-rich (red) blood vessels leaves the heart and goes to the body.
	www.childrenshospital.org /az/Site1941/mainpageS1941P0.html (973 words)

	Reconstructive Surgery for Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome: Currents: UI Health Care
		The term hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) was initially coined in 1958 to describe a variety of cardiac malformations that result from left heart congenital defects.
		Heart transplantation can, indeed, result in good intermediate-term survival rate and good quality of life for the survivors.
		As a result of this stage, the blood from the right ventricle is directed to the systemic circulation via the reconstructed aortic arch, while the pulmonary blood flow is maintained via a graft - modified Blalock-Taussig (BT) shunt - interposed between the innominate artery*** and the right pulmonary artery (Fig.
	www.uihealthcare.com /news/currents/vol1issue1/hlhs.html (1443 words)

	The Vertebrate Animal Heart: Unevolvable, whether primitive or complex (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Probably of most importance is the fact that there is now no artery leaving the heart and pumping blood back out to the body.
		Modification of the heart muscle to beat properly and accomodate the additional atrium and fluid pressure changes associated with the rewiring.
		And this says nothing about the many valves and other smaller veins and arteries associated with double circulation which characterize true hearts as well changes needed in the pumping mechanism of the heart muscle to accomodate a completely new atrium and fluid-pressure balance.
	www-acs.ucsd.edu /~idea/hearts.htm (3376 words)

	Congenital Heart Disease: Transposition of the Great Arteries - Texas Heart Institute Heart Information Center
		The lower-left chamber (the left ventricle) pumps blood into the aorta, which carries the blood to the rest of the body.
		This means that the right ventricle pumps blood to the body and the left ventricle pumps blood to the lungs.
		As the name suggests, the surgery reverses the positions of the arteries, so that the pulmonary artery is connected to the right ventricle, and the aorta is connected to the left ventricle.
	www.tmc.edu /thi/tga.html (517 words)

	HEART THROB: Modeling Cardiac Fluid Dynamics
		As the model heart contracted, red and blue particles streamed from the left and right ventricle into the aorta and pulmonary artery.
		The researchers are now working toward the day when their model can be used to pose important "what if" questions about the heart, many of which are difficult to address in animal research and clinical studies.
		The mitral-valve structure extends upward, sealing off the opening to the left atrium, as the left ventricle, the heart's main pumping chamber, contracts.
	www.psc.edu /science/Peskin/Peskin.html (590 words)

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