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Topic: Ventricular system

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	Ventricular Rhythm Disturbances
		Ventricular impulses may retrogradely block in the AV node, and the atria may be dissociated, or a variable ventriculoatrial response may be noted.
		Ventricular arrhythmias occur in a wide variety of patients, ranging from the asymptomatic patient with an occasional ectopic (premature) ventricular complexes (PVCs) to the patient with malignant ventricular tachycardia associated with severely compromised left ventricular function.
		Ventricular arrhythmias in certain clinical situations are known to be associated with sudden death, and the suppression of such arrhythmias decreases the incidence of sudden death.
	www.americanheart.org /presenter.jhtml?identifier=1679 (527 words)

	Cardiac depolarization detection apparatus - Patent 4354497
		Ventricular depolarization is sensed at a plurality of areas of the heart including one area within the interventricular septum or near the right ventricular apex.
		Ventricular depolarization is sensed at or across at least two areas of the heart, one such area being within or along the interventricular septum.
		Thus, by positioning a plurality of electrode combinations within the ventricular tissue and discriminating between depolarizations which are preceded by depolarization within the interventricular septum and those which are not, it is possible to detect a depolarization of ventricular tissue resulting from the propogation of an impulse from an ectopic focus.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4354497.html (4159 words)

	Ventricular Septal Defect
		Ventricular septal defect is a hole in the wall between the right and left ventricles of the heart.
		This is because a newborn's circulatory system changes during the first week with drop in the lung or pulmonary pressure, creating the greater pressure differential between the 2 ventricles, thus greater left-to-right shunt and audible murmur.
		Ventricular septal defects are the most common congenital heart defects in infants (that is, defects that a person is born with).
	www.emedicinehealth.com /ventricular_septal_defect/article_em.htm (572 words)

	Ventricular Tachycardia
		Ventricular tachycardia is defined as three or more beats of ventricular origin in succession at a rate greater than 100 beats/minute.
		Conduction from atria to ventricles is usually prevented because the AV node or ventricular conduction system is refractory due to ventricular depolarizations.
		Ventricular tachycardia may be monomorphic (all QRSs with the same shape) or polymorphic (varying QRS shapes during the tachycardia).
	www.americanheart.org /presenter.jhtml?identifier=64 (1301 words)

	VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICES AND TOTAL ARTIFICIAL HEARTS
		This noninvasive system involves sudden acceleration of a table on which the patient's body is placed and the displacement of blood in the aorta away from the left ventricle due to the acceleration.
		This system in serial connection to the left ventricle aims at the reduction of the ventricular after load pressure and rhythmic coordination between the heart and the support device is vital.
		Advantages of the ventricular support devices, as opposed to TAH lie in the fact that the patient's natural heart is retained and available as a backup and the regulatory and endocrine functions of the cardiac system remain intact.
	www.engineering.uiowa.edu /~bme050/assist.html (7883 words)

	Dual chamber pacing system and method with continual adjustment of the AV escape interval so as to maintain optimized ...
		The pacemaker system as described in claim 8, wherein said adjustment means has decrement means for decrementing said AV escape interval as a function of said first fusion occurrence rate, and increment means for incrementing said AV escape interval as a function of said second fusion occurrence rate.
		The pacemaker system and method of this invention are based on the observation that when a ventricular pace pulse is delivered with a timing that results in a fusion or near fusion beat, there is a detectable change in the characteristics of the evoked QRS.
		Ventricular pacing may be accomplished between electrodes 29 and 28 or between electrode 29 and the conductive housing 8 of pacemaker 6.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5626620.html (6772 words)

	Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
		A ventricular septal defect is an opening in the ventricular septum, or dividing wall between the two lower chambers of the heart known as the right and left ventricles.
		A ventricular septal defect allows oxygen-rich (red) blood to pass from the left ventricle, through the opening in the septum, and then mix with oxygen-poor (blue) blood in the right ventricle.
		Ventricular septal defects are the most commonly occurring type of congenital heart defect, occurring in 14 to 17 percent of babies born each year.
	www.healthsystem.virginia.edu /uvahealth/peds_cardiac/vsd.cfm (2670 words)

	UNSW Embryology- Neural System Development - Week 10
		Space is continuous with ventricular system of the brain.
		ventricles- the fluid-filled interconnected cavity system with the brain.
		Note that the edge of the neural plate forms the neural crest which contributes the cranial ganglia, peripheral sympathetic and parasympatheic nervous system as well as many non-neural tissues (this part of the nervous system is covered in Neural crest Notes).
	embryology.med.unsw.edu.au /notes/neuron4d.htm (1476 words)

	Ventricular Assist Device
		Ventricular assist devices are mechanical heart assist pumps that prolong a patient's life while waiting for a heart transplant.
		This device is used primarily as a left ventricular assist device and is a bridge to heart transplantation.
		John V. Conte joined the Johns Hopkins Division of Cardiac Surgery in 1998 as an Assistant Professor, in 2000 advanced to Associate Professor and later in 2005 was appointed the Associate Chief of the Division of Cardiac Surgery.
	www.hopkinsmedicine.org /CardiacSurgery/excellence/vad.html (3471 words)

	www.patientcenters.com -- Hydrocephalus Centeri -- What is Hydrocephalus
		The ventricular system of the brain is made up of four chambers, or ventricles, which are connected to each other by way of narrow passages, called foramen.
		Hydrocephalus occurs when there is an obstruction of one of the ventricles or ventricular foramina (CSF passageways) that restricts the flow of CSF either within the ventricular system, the subarachnoid space, or the cisterns (reservoirs for CSF).
		The ventricular foramina consist of the intraventricular foramina (or the foramen of Monro), which connect the lateral ventricles with the third ventricle, and the foramina of Luschke and Magendie (located in the fourth ventricle) which provide a means for CSF to exit the ventricular system.
	www.oreilly.com /medical/hydrocephalus/news/whatishydro.html (5879 words)

	Posthaemorrhagic ventricular dilatation -- Whitelaw et al. 86 (2): 72 -- Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		The ventricular width is measured from the midline to the lateral border.
		Cytokine response in cerebrospinal fluid from preterm infants with posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation [Abstract].
		Repeated lumbar punctures or ventricular taps for preventing morbidity and shunt dependence in newborn infants with intraventricular haemorrhage.
	fn.bmj.com /cgi/content/full/86/2/F72 (1880 words)

	Ventricular Assist Devices and Total Artificial Hearts
		Ventricular assist devices represent a method of providing temporary mechanical circulatory support for those patients not expected to survive until a heart becomes available for their transplant.
		In these two systems, the device is surgically placed entirely within the thoracic and abdominal cavity and connected to the power source by a percutaneous drive line.
		In addition, it is the first ventricular assist device that uses continuous axial flow, as opposed to pulsatile flow.
	www.regence.com /trgmedpol/surgery/sur52.html (2471 words)

	Ventricular system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The fluid then flows around the superior sagittal sinus to be reabsorbed via the arachnoid villi into the venous system.
		CSF within the spinal cord can flow all the way down to the lumbar cistern at the end of the cord around the cauda equina where lumbar punctures are performed.
		The cerebrospinal fluid within the skull and spine is found between the pia mater and the arachnoid meninges and provides further cushioning.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ventricular_system (725 words)

	Ventricular Assist Devices (VAD) and Total Artificial Hearts (TAH)
		Ventricular assist devices (VADs) provide mechanical circulatory support for those individuals not expected to survive until a heart becomes available for their transplantation.
		Ventricular assist devices used as destination therapy for individuals with end-stage heart failure who are ineligible for human heart transplantation are considered
		There is inadequate scientific evidence to permit conclusions regarding the use of ventricular assist devices or total artificial hearts for other conditions or disease including but not limited to the use of total artificial hearts as destination therapy.
	www.bcbst.com /MPManual/Ventricular_Assist_Devices.htm (1283 words)

	Surgical Ventricular Restoration
		Surgical ventricular restoration (SVR) is a procedure designed to restore or remodel the left ventricle to its normal, spherical shape and size, in patients with akinetic segments of the heart, secondary to either dilated cardiomyopathy or post-infarction left ventricular aneurysm.
		The SVR procedure is also referred to as ventricular remodeling, partial left ventriculectomy (PLV), ventricular reduction surgery, surgical anterior ventricular endocardial restoration (SAVER), endoventricular circular patch or the Dor procedure.
		Surgical ventricular restoration for the treatment of other conditions/diseases, including, but not limited to, ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy and post-infarction left ventricular aneurysm, is considered investigational.
	www.bcbst.com /MPManual/Surgical_Ventricular_Restoration.htm (589 words)

	Ventricular system (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Notice that recurrence and druginduced ventricular ventricular system arrhythmias in children and adolescents causes and an gallop.
		The survival difference between longterm disability and outcome of controlled hypothermia ventricular system therapy at the scene.
		Diagnostic yield ventricular system of cases of emergency medicine, director of sudden death.
	ventricular.bagopps.net /ventricular-system.html (815 words)

	Ventricular shunt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Ventricular shunt is a surgical procedure in which a tube is placed in one of the fluid-filled chambers inside the brain (ventricles).
		Ventricular shunt relieves hydrocephalus, a condition in which the ventricles are enlarged.
		The ventricular shunt tube is placed to drain fluid from the ventricular system in the brain to the cavity of the abdomen or to the large vein in the neck (jugular vein).
	www.healthatoz.com /healthatoz/Atoz/ency/ventricular_shunt.jsp (1026 words)

	UNSW Embryology- Neural System Development - Cerebrospinal Fluid
		Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is produced mainly by the choroid plexus which is a structure lining the floor of the lateral ventricle and the roof of the third and fourth ventricles.
		CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) is produced by both choroid plexus (a structure lining the floor of the lateral ventricle (ventricle=the brain's interior fluid spaces) and the roof of the third and fourth ventricles) and weeping of tissue fluid by the brain into the ventricles.
		This creates the osmotic gradient, which drives the secretion of H(2)O. The unidirectional movement of the ions is achieved due to the polarity of the epithelium, i.e., the ion transport proteins in the blood-facing (basolateral) are different to those in the ventricular (apical) membranes.
	embryology.med.unsw.edu.au /notes/neuron6.htm (2479 words)

	Premature Ventricular Contraction Information by MedicineNet.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) are premature heartbeats originating from the ventricles of the heart.
		The electrical system of the heart consists of the SA node (sino-atrial node), the AV node (atrio-ventricular node) and special tissues in the ventricles that conduct electricity.
		During a premature ventricular contraction, the ventricle electrically discharges (and contracts) prematurely before the normal electrical discharges arrive from the SA node.
	www.medicinenet.com /premature_ventricular_contractions/article.htm (501 words)

	The Brain Tumor Foundation
		The fluid is trapped within the ventricles, causing part of the ventricular system to balloon out which raises the pressure inside the patient's head.
		Both the trapped part of the ventricular system and untreated hydrocephalus can result in headaches, paralysis and eventually coma and death.
		An enhancing tumor within the ventricular system is frequently (but not always) an ependymoma.
	www.braintumorfoundation.org /Ependymomas.asp?r=Ependymoma.info (542 words)

	The Heart Hope™ Initiative: Giving people with advanced-stage heart failure a new beginning. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		The whole purpose of ventricular assist devices (VADs) such as the HeartMate device is to restore the flow of oxygenated blood throughout the body.
		The HeartMate XVE Left Ventricular Assist System is approved for Bridge-to-Transplantation therapy for those patients eligible for a heart transplant and for Destination Therapy (long-term support) for heart failure patients ineligible for a heart transplant.
		The NYHA Class IV patients with end-stage left ventricular failure who have received optimal medical therapy for at least 60 of the last 90 days, who have a life expectancy of less than two years, and who are not candidates for cardiac transplantation.
	www.hearthope.com /1.html (3417 words)

	Neoplasia of the Nervous System: Introduction - The Merck Veterinary Manual
		Primary nervous system tumors originate from neuroectodermal, ectodermal, and/or mesodermal cells normally present in (or associated with) the brain, spinal cord, or peripheral nerves.
		Secondary tumors affecting the nervous system may originate from surrounding structures such as bone and muscle or from hematogenous metastasis of a primary tumor in another organ.
		Classification of nervous system tumors in animals follows the criteria used for tumors in people and is based primarily on the characteristics of the constituent cell type, its pathologic behavior, topographic pattern, and secondary changes seen within and around the tumor (Table: Tumors of the Nervous System in Dogs and Cats).
	www.merckvetmanual.com /mvm/htm/bc/101800.htm (6741 words)

	eMedicine - Ventricular Tachycardia : Article Excerpt by: William Ernoehazy, Jr, MD, FACEP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Background: Ventricular tachycardia (VT) is a tachydysrhythmia originating from a ventricular ectopic focus, characterized by a rate typically greater than 120 beats per minute and wide QRS complexes.
		Pathophysiology: VT usually is a consequence of structural heart disease, with breakdown of normal conduction patterns, increased automaticity (which tends to favor ectopic foci), and activation of re-entrant pathways in the ventricular conduction system.
		The syndrome is characterized by exercise- or stress-induced ventricular tachyarrhythmias and is most commonly found in pediatric cases.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/byname/ventricular-tachycardia.htm (648 words)

	TandemHeart Percutaneous Ventricular Assist System - Texas Heart Institute
		The TandemHeart Percutaneous Ventricular Assist Device (pVAD) differs from other assist devices in that it can be inserted either by cardiovascular surgeons in the operating room or by cardiologists in the cardiac catheterization laboratory.
		The pump also has a proprietary fluid-infusion system that provides cooling and lubrication to the impeller and enhances thromboresistance.
		The system provides localized anticoagulation to the blood inside the pump, reducing the need for systemic anticoagulation.
	www.tmc.edu /thi/tandem.html (286 words)

	Lecture 27. Gross anatomy brain
		Recognize each of the ventricles and ventricular subdivisions on a endocast model of the ventricles and in slides, drawings or photographs of brain sections.
		The inferior cerebellar pedunclei carries input from the spinal cord and vestibular system and output to the brainstem.
		The middle cerebellar peduncle carries input from the pontine nuclei and the superior cerebellar pedunclei carries mostly output from the cerebellar nuclei to the midbrain and thalamus.
	www.med.howard.edu /anatomy/gas/wk9/Lecture_27.htm (1808 words)

	JPMA ::: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Thus there is communication between the ventricular system and the subarachnoid space.
		It is an invasive procedure in which the dye is injected into the ventricular system through lumbar puncture in order to see the size of ventricles and flow of dye on plain x-rays.
		The indication of surgical intervention are related to intracranial hypertension, neurological dysfunction, evidence and degree of ventricular dilatation, the presence or absence of pathological lesion, the nature and the location of obstruction.
	jpma.org.pk /jpma/11nov05/fulltex11.htm (2544 words)

	Thoratec HeartMate II Left Ventricular Assist System - Texas Heart Institute
		The power base unit serves as a battery charger and an interface between the system monitor and the implanted pump.
		The 20-foot power cable allows the system to be operated by AC power.
		Patients can wear a portable battery pack around their waist, which permits the system to be operated tether-free for three hours.
	www.tmc.edu /thi/heartmate2.html (445 words)

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