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	Venus tablet of Ammisaduqa Information
		The Venus tablet of Ammisaduqa recovered from the library at Nineveh, is a 7th century cuneiform tablet that bears ancient records of the rise times of Venus.
		The information copied on the surviving tablet was first compiled during the reign of king Ammisaduqa, grandson of Hammurabi of the First Dynasty of Babylon.
		The tablet's significance for corroborating Babylonian chronology was first recognised by Franz Xaver Kugler in 1912, when he could identify the enigmatic "Year of the Golden Throne" ("Venus" tablet K.160) with the 8th year of the reign of Ammisaduqa.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Venus_tablet_of_Ammisaduqa (222 words)

	Venus Information - Online Prescription Medication Directory
		Venus was observed by the Galileo and Cassini spacecraft during flybys on their respective missions to the outer planets, but Magellan would otherwise be the last dedicated mission to Venus for over a decade.
		Venus was important to the Mayan civilization, who developed a religious calendar based in part upon its motions, and held the motions of Venus to determine the propitious time for events such as war.
		The astronomical symbol for Venus is the same as that used in biology for the female sex, a stylized representation of the goddess Venus' hand mirror: a circle with a small cross underneath.
	www.prescriptiondrug-info.com /drug_information_online.asp?title=Venus (6228 words)

	AN ESSAY REVIEW OF:
		But if a tablet is damaged and the beginning part is missing, the date connected with each observation recorded is given as the regnal year, the month, the day, and perhaps the part of the night, with no royal name.
		Tablet 54 illustrates this by saying that in year 31, month VI, on day 28, Jupiter "became stationary in [the constellation of] Gemini." This was exactly the position it held on October 4, 491 BCE, so this date corresponds to day 28 of month VI in the Babylonian calendar.
		Therefore, tablet 54 cannot be assigned to any reign other than that of Darius I. The Jupiter positions in tablet 54 dated to the other four regnal years just as inexorably block any attempt to change the absolute chronology established for Darius' 36-year reign.
	user.tninet.se /~oof408u/fkf/english/furulirev2.htm (6267 words)

	Babylonia Encyclopedia Article @ Constituted.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This is chiefly derived from a chronological tablet containing the annals of Nabonidus, supplemented by another inscription of Nabonidus where he recounts his restoration of the temple of the Moon-god at Harran; as well as by a proclamation of Cyrus issued shortly after his formal recognition as king of Babylonia.
		Tablets of squares and cubes, calculated from 1 to 60, have been found at Senkera, and a people acquainted with the sun-dial, the clepsydra, the lever and the pulley, must have had no mean knowledge of mechanics.
		A crystal lens, turned on the lathe, was discovered by Austen Henry Layard at Nimrud along with glass vases bearing the name of Sargon; this could explain the excessive minuteness of some of the writing on the Assyrian tablets, and a lens may also have been used in the observation of the heavens.
	www.constituted.net /encyclopedia/Babylonia (2692 words)

	Enuma Anu Enlil
		There are seventy tablets in the series, and the tablets themselves are believed to date from around 650 BCE, however, the content is a compilation of omens of older origin, some of which are supposed to date back as far as 1646 BCE.
		Tablets 1-22 describe manifestations of Sin, the Moon god, and includes dates and duration of various Moon events, the appearance of the horns in the crescent, and different halos as they can be seen when eclipses occur.
		Tablet 63 is the famous Venus tablet of Ammisaduqa (or Ishtar as Venus was known then).
	www.astrologer.com /aanet/pub/transit/jan2007/enuma_anu_enlil.htm (460 words)

	Transit of Venus Bibliography - text2a
		Allan Chapman, “The Transits of Venus”, Endeavour, 22 (1998), 148-151.
		Samuel Jenkins Johnson, “On a Probable Assyrian Transit of Venus”, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 43 (1882), 41-42 — appears to be based on an early and unreliable translation from the so-called “Venus Tablets of Ammisaduqa” (Enuma Anu Enlil, tablet 63).
		The 910 transit of Venus was not visible from Kazachstan.
	www.phys.uu.nl /~vgent/venus/venus_text2.htm (3538 words)

	[No title]
		The descriptions of Venus in ancient Babylon, for example, are rarely compared with those of other cultures, and thus the various anomalies in the ancient traditions have thus far remained unnoticed and unappreciated by the scholarly world as a whole.
		Although these tablets were first discovered in the 1850's, it was the subsequent (1912) claim by Franz Kugler that one line mentioned the eighth year of Ammizaduqa that brought these tablets to the forefront of scientific consciousness.
		And why Venus, rather than the Sun or Moon, which are much brighter and have recognizable influences on the affairs of man? Certainly it is difficult to account for the origin of such bizarre conceptions in one culture, let alone in two different cultures separated by the Atlantic Ocean and several millennia.
	www.bearfabrique.org /Catastrophism/venus/vcycle (3246 words)

	First Babylonian Dynasty
		Ammizaduga's Venus-tablets[?] (i.e., several ancient versions on clay tablets) are famous, and several books had been published about them.
		There are further difficulties: the 21 years span of the detailed observations of the planet Venus may or may not coincide with the reign of this king, because his name is not mentioned, only the Year of the Golden Throne[?].
		A text about the fall of Babylon[?] by the Hittites of Mursilis[?] I at the end of Samsuditana's reign tells about a twin eclipse is crucial for a correct Babylonian chronology.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/fi/First_Babylonian_Dynasty.html (478 words)

	Babylonia Encyclopedia Article @ Shopping0.com (Shopping 0) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The 14th king of the dynasty was Samsu-Ditana, son of Ammisaduqa.
		Observatories were attached to the temples, and reports were regularly sent by astronomers to the king.
		Great attention was naturally paid to the calendar, and we find a week of seven days and another of five days in use.
	www.shopping0.com /encyclopedia/Babylonia (2688 words)

	Babylonia - Code of Hammurabi - Crystalinks
		Tablet with a list of eclipses between 518 and 465, mention the death of king Xerxes.
		Their symbols were written on wet clay tablets which were baked in the hot sun.
		It was the use of a stylus on a clay medium that led to the use of cuneiform symbols since curved lines could not be drawn.
	www.crystalinks.com /babylonia.html (3544 words)

	Babylon
		The last king of the dynasty was Samsu-Ditana, son of Ammisaduqa.
		This is chiefly derived from a chronological tablet containing the annals of Nabonidus, supplemented by another inscription of Nabonidus where he recounts his restoration of the temple of the Moon-god at Harran; as well as by a proclamation of Cyrus issued shortly after his formal recognition as king of Babylonia.
		Also, there was a recent discovery in which a tablet used π as 3 and 1/8.
	www.ancientworlds.net /aw/Places/Place/328011 (2329 words)

	Babylonia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The earliest mention of Babylon is in a dated tablet of the reign of Sargon of Akkad (2800 BC), who is stated to have built sanctuaries there to Anunit and Ae (or Ea).
		Winckler may be right in restoring a mutilated passage in the annals of this king so as to make it mean that Babylon owed its name to Sargon, who made it the capital of his empire.
		A tablet dated 275 BC states that on the 12th of Nisan the inhabitants of Babylon were transported to the new town, where a palace was built as well as a temple to which the ancient name of E-Saggila was given.
	www.ancientworlds.net /aw/Places/Place/325740 (3442 words)

	Venus tablet of Ammisaduqa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Venus tablet of Ammisaduqa recovered from the library at Nineveh, is a 7th century cuneiform tablet that bears ancient records of the rise times of Venus.
		The information copied on the surviving tablet was first compiled during the reign of king Ammisaduqa, grandson of Hammurabi of the First Dynasty of Babylon.
		The tablet's significance for corroborating Babylonian chronology was first recognised by Franz Xaver Kugler in 1912, when he could identify the enigmatic "Year of the Golden Throne" ("Venus" tablet K.160) with the 8th year of the reign of Ammisaduqa.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Venus_tablet_of_Ammisaduqa (262 words)

	All about Babylonia
		We possess observations of Venus written down under king Ammisaduqa (1646-1626), detailed stellar catalogues from the eighth century -our Zodiac was invented in Babylon-, and astronomical diaries from the seventh century until the first century BCE.
		Venus was [lacuna] above Beta Virginis, Venus having passed [lacuna] fingers to the east.
		At that time, Jupiter was in Scorpio; Venus was in Leo, at the end of the month in Virgo; Saturn was in Pisces; Mercury and Mars, which had set, were not visible.
	www.skygodproject.net /history/all_about_babylonia.htm (19638 words)

	[No title]
		Although these tablets were first discovered in the 1850's, it was the subsequent (1912) discovery by Franz Kugler that one line mentioned the eighth year of Ammizaduqa that brought these tablets to the forefront of scientific consciousness.
		While the Dresden Codex traces the movements of Venus with great precision-- according to Thompson, it is accurate to within two hours over a period of 500 years--it has long been a source of puzzlement that the various intervals associated with Venus do not accord with their present values.
		To date, most attempts to understand the curious values assigned Venus by the Maya have focussed upon their fascination with numbers and the desire to develop commensurations between the various celestial bodies.
	saturniancosmology.org /files/venus/venobs.txt (3002 words)

	Astronomical Dating
		Many of these documents make reference to astronomical events, such as eclipses of the sun and moon, which are numbered to the years of various kings; however, the accuracy of the year numbers (and in some cases the king so named) in these documents is of a questionable nature.
		Because the name of the king and the year number are broken off from the tablet some conclude that this document cannot be a copy made in a later period.
		A mark on the tablet indicates that the scribe was copying from a broken tablet.
	members.aol.com /gparrishjr/astro.html (1751 words)

	Chronology of the Ancient Near East - Chaldeans Wiki
		The low or short chronology, most commonly used today, sets the eighth year of Ammisaduqa at the year 1531 BC as the end of the first dynasty (with a reign of king Hammurabi 1728 BC–1686 BC).
		His Venus tablets of Ammisaduqa (i.e., several ancient versions on clay tablets) are famous, and several books had been published about them.
		There are further difficulties: the 21 years span of the detailed observations of the planet Venus may or may not coincide with the reign of this king, because his name is not mentioned, only the Year of the Golden Throne.
	www.chaldeans.org /wiki/index.php/Chronology_of_the_Ancient_Near_East (4088 words)

	The Anomalies Network Forums: The Origin Of The Ancient Star Gods
		At first, Venus didn't exist, later it appeared as a comet which twice encountered Earth, even later, it encountered Mars, and THEN it became the orbiting planet that we now know - crater and all.
		Venus has always been right where it was — as long as humans have been around, that is fact Mr.
		In the so-called Venus Tablets of Ammisaduqa, which were copied and recopied over many centuries, Dr. Velikovsky sees in the few scribal errors evidence for the irregularity of Venus and carefully avoids the rest of the text that shows a high degree of regularity indeed.
	communities.anomalies.net /forum/ubbthreads.php/ubb/showflat/Number/241637/Main/15336 (3017 words)

	Kidinnu and ancient Babylonian astronomy
		The Babylonian astronomers had been observing the skies for centuries and had recorded their observations in astronomical diaries, astronomical almanacs, catalogues of stars and other texts.
		We possess observations of Venus written down under king Ammisaduqa (1702-1682?BC), detailed stellar catalogues from the eighth century -our Zodiac was invented in Babylon-, and astronomical diaries from the seventh century until the first century BC.
		(One tablet is dated c.375 BC.) An undated cuneiform chronicle mentions that a man named Kidinnu is put to the sword; the same text mentions a king Darius and a name that looks like 'Alexander'.
	ircamera.as.arizona.edu /NatSci102/NatSci102/text/babylonian.htm (1632 words)

	A FIRE NOT BLOWN: CHAPTER 23: BOLTS
		That the planet Venus should be referred to as a sceptre may seem strange, until we recall that Venus is often referred to as the 'hairy star'.
		Observations of Venus as they are recorded in the tablets are concerned with the disappearance and appearance of the planet in its journey round the sun, as observed from the earth.
		Fear that it would not appear on time was one of the causes of the close study of the planet by so many civilisations.
	www.grazian-archive.com /quantavolution/QuantaHTML/vol_13/firenotblown_23.htm (636 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Venus Tablets of Ammi-zaduga First published in 1870 by Henry Creswicke Rawlinson and George Smith as tablet 63 ["Tablet of Movements of the Planet Venus and their Influences"] in the third volume of The Cuneiform Inscriptions of Western Asia.
		* [15]Johnson, Samuel Jenkins, "On a Probable Assyrian Transit of Venus", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 43 (1882), 41-42 - appears to be based on an early and speculative translation from the BM copy of the Venus Tablet of Ammizaduga.
		A possible translation of this enigmatic report is "The day of the Moon of Hiyaru was put to shame: the Sun went in, (with) her gate(keeper), Rashap [Mars?]".
	saturniancosmology.org /files/tablets/nl.txt (7563 words)

	Catastrophism: Man, Myth and Mayhem in Ancient History and the Sciences
		The Great Comet Venus From: Aeon III: 5 (May 1994) HomeIssue Contents The Great Comet Venus David Talbott Venus in myth and science The planet Venus is Earth's closest planetary neighbor, moving on an orbit 108 million kilometers (67 million miles) from the Sun.
		A detailed analysis is presented of the succession of disturbances of the Earth's motions indicated by the Ninsianna (Ammisaduqa) Venus tablets.
		Venus An Interim Report From: SIS Review Vol IV No 4 (Spring 1980) HomeIssue Contents Venus An Interim Report Wal Thornhill Wal Thornhill, B.Sc, is a computer scientist employed by the Australian government.
	www.catastrophism.com /intro/search.cgi?zoom_query=Venus (895 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This tablet is one of the most important (and controversial)
		The text of the tablet is a copy, made at Nineveh in the seventh century BC, of observations of the planet Venus made in the reign of Ammisaduqa, king of Babylon, about 1000 years earlier.
		Modern astronomers have used the details of the observations in an attempt to calculate the dates of Ammisaduqa (reigned 1646-26 BC).
	www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk /compass/ixbin/print?OBJ4547 (207 words)

	MESSENGER: Mercury and Ancient Cultures
		The Mayas were also deeply interested in the planet Venus, believing it to be as important as the Sun.
		They are thought to have studied the movements of the Sun, the Moon and the visible planets, although no written records of such observations from this early period remain.
		Early Babylonian astronomers (2000 – 1000 B.C.) may have recorded their observations of the sky: Although no records from that period have survived, tablets from the 7th century B.C. refer to observations of Venus supposedly made much earlier, during the reign of King Ammisaduqa (1702 – 1682 B.C.).
	btc.montana.edu /messenger/elusive_planet/ancient_cultures_2.php (1158 words)

	World Mysteries - Astrology, Horoscope, Biorhythm, Mind Reader and more...
		Example: a woman with Venus at the cusp of the first house, the ascendant, will be charming, lovable, friendly, generous in love and life, and very popular with men and women alike.
		The moon dominates childhood, Mercury dominates the growing period up to adulthood, Venus dominates the end teens and twenties, Mars dominates the thirties and sometimes the early forties, Jupiter dominates the forties and fifties and Saturn dominates the sixties and up.
		For instance, if a Venus progression meets Jupiter at an age of the horoscope owner that love and marriage are possible then love it will be for sure and marriage as well as long as there are not very strong negative influences on this aspect.
	www.world-mysteries.com /sci_5.htm (5782 words)

	Astrology and Judaism in Late Antiquity - Astrology in Mesopotamia
		The five lesser planets, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn, are less obvious to the casual watcher than the sun and the moon, but are still easy to tell from the other points of light in the night sky, the fixed stars.
		Thus, the third important, primeval, astral deity was the Mesopotamian Venus, Ishtar, the "Queen of Heaven."/16/ She was by far the most important goddess in the later days of Mesopotamian civilization, absorbing most of the others.
		The statement that Venus and Mercury are "with the sun" is also found in the procedure texts and means that they are too close to the sun to be visible./276/ Just what the "houses" in lines 11-12 are is unclear, but it would be rash to assume they are the "houses" of Greek astrology.
	www.smoe.org /arcana/diss1.html (12752 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The ultra-low chronology is 96 years later than the middle chronology, sets the fall of Babylon at the year 1499 BC and the reign of king Hammurabi 1696 BC–1654 BC.
		The low or short chronology sets the eighth year of Ammisaduqa at the year 1531 BC as the end of the first dynasty (with a reign of king Hammurabi 1728 BC–1686 BC).
		A text about the fall of Babylon by the Hittites of Mursilis I at the end of Samsuditana's reign tells about a twin eclipse, which is crucial for a correct Babylonian chronology.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=chronology_of_the_Ancient_Near_East (3977 words)

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