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	Venustiano Carranza - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Venustiano Carranza Garza (December 29, 1859 – May 21, 1920) was one of the leaders of the Mexican Revolution.
		Carranza was born in the town of Cuatro Ciénegas, in the state of Coahuila, to a middle-class cattle-ranching family.
		Venustiano Carranza was an early supporter of Francisco I. Madero's efforts to overthrow the Porfirio Díaz dictatorship, and when Madero came to power he appointed Carranza Secretary of War and of the Navy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Venustiano_Carranza (426 words)

	Carranza, Venustiano. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Carranza, aided by Obregón, emerged supreme by Aug., 1915, although Zapata and Villa continued their rebellions in the south and north.
		Carranza was pressed by Obregón to accept the Constitution of 1917, which contained potentially radical reform measures that Carranza opposed and subsequently failed to enforce.
		Carranza fled Mexico City, and was ambushed and murdered by a local chieftain in Tlaxcalantongo.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ca/CarranzaV.html (218 words)

	Historical Text Archive: Articles: Carranza, Venustiano
		Venustiano Carranza, born in 1859, was one of fifteen children born to Colonel Jesús Carranza and María de Jesús Garza.
		With Reyes's support, Venustiano Carranza became a deputy in the state legislature, a federal deputy, a federal senator and, in 1908, was appointed provisional governor of Coahuila.
		Carranza was elected governor of Coahuila in December 1911 where he assumed leadership of the rebellion against Huerta who had assassinated Madero and stolen the presidency.
	historicaltextarchive.com /sections.php?op=viewarticle&artid=535 (1582 words)

	Venustiano Carranza. History. Mexico for kids.
		Carranza was appointed Secretary of War and of the Navy in the cabinet formed by Madero, as well as Governor elect of Coahuila.
		Carranza continued the Mexican liberal tradition; he was also a great reader of works containing liberal ideas such as Mexico over the centuries, by Riva Palacio, as well as the books written by Dr. Mora, Manuel Payno and Justo Sierra.
		On November 1st, 1918, the Carranza Doctrine was issued; this document upholds the equality between the states and condemns all intervention in the internal affairs of other nations; it also covers the equivalent of the rights of nationals and of foreigners in the eyes of the law of a given country.
	www.elbalero.gob.mx /kids/history/html/rev/biocarranza.html (514 words)

	Venustiano Carranza Biography / Biography of Venustiano Carranza Biography Biography
		Venustiano Carranza was born in Cuatro Ciénegas, Coahuila, on Dec. 29, 1859.
		Carranza sought to consolidate his control through a convention of the revolutionary generals, but the opposition of villistas and zapatistas forced removal of the gathering to Aguascalientes, where a rival regime emerged.
		Carranza contributed significantly to the Mexican social revolution by his acceptance and promulgation of the Constitution, which provided the movement with its legal framework, even though the document differed so greatly from what he had proposed.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-venustiano-carranza (701 words)

	HISTORY OF MEXICO - RELUCTANT REVOLUTIONARY: THE ROCKY ROAD OF VENUSTIANO CARRANZA - BY JIM TUCK IN MEXICO CONNECT
		Carranza was one of fifteen children born to Jesús Carranza and María de Jesús Garza.
		With Reyes's support, Carranza became a deputy in the state legislature, a federal deputy, a federal senator and, in 1908, was appointed provisional governor of Coahuila.
		On March 11, 1917, Carranza was elected president with 797,305 votes, as opposed to 11,615 for General Pablo González, main enemy of the Zapatistas, and 4,008 for Obregón, though neither was an official candidate.
	www.mexconnect.com /mex_/history/jtuck/jtvcarranza.html (2049 words)

	Mexican Revolution of 1910
		Carranza’s ideology represented the views of the urban middle-class and to a considerable extent, the landowning class of which Carranza was a member.
		Villa identified with the plight of the sharecroppers, the sector in which he was born and raised, as well as the cowboys of the free range who had been suppressed by the advent of the railroad, the fencing in of land, and the ownership and branding of livestock on that privatized land.
		From a personality point of view, Carranza, born in 1859 and 19 years older than Villa was stubborn, well educated and supremely well-connected among the liberals (his father had been a close collaborator of Benito Juárez) traditional patriarch, proud of his prerogatives as first chief.
	latinoartcommunity.org /community/Gallery/1910/CourseRev/Leaders/Villa/Villa03.html (456 words)

	Venustiano Carranza biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Venustiano Carranza Garza (29 December, 1859 - 21 May, 1920) was one of the leaders of the Mexican Revolution.
		Carranza assumed the presidency on 1 May 1915.
		On 11 March, 1917 Venustiano Carranza was elected the first president under the new Mexican Constitution of 1917.
	carranza.biography.ms (397 words)

	Mexico - 1823-National flag "official" variant used in 1917-1934 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This is the flag adopted by Venustiano Carranza and the Mexican Sovereign Constitutionalist Congress by Decree of September 20, 1916; published in the Diario Oficial on September 25 of the same year; and in effect since October 1, 1916.
		Don Venustiano Carranza, in 1916, decreed that the Eagle in the National coat of arms was to be depicted in profile and not in front as was used since the end of the XIX century.
		After defeating Victoriano Huerta, Venustiano Carranza decided to restore the indigenous elements which were originally in the COA, and on September 20th, 1916 decreed that the eagle be represented in profile looking dexter/left, standing on a nopal which grows on a water-surrounded rock and with oak and laurel branches beneath.
	flagquest.com /FOTW/flags/mx_1917.html (839 words)

	The Story of Captain Emilio Carranza Rodriguez - The Martyr Aviator of Mexico (English) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Maria Rodriguez. He was the grand nephew of Don Venustiano Carranza, First Commandant of the Constitutional Army who became First Constitutional President of the Mexican Republic. He was also a nephew to General Alberto Salinas Carranza a pioneer in Mexican aviation and founder of the Mexican Air Force school of aviation.
		Emilio Carranza was satisfied and he plotted his flight from San Diego to Mexico City. Every one wanted him to make several stops in route and wanted him to fly in good weather and daylight hours.
		Sebastian Carranza, held a post with the Mexican Consulate. While in New York he was invited to review the troops at West Point an honor never before given to a visiting official with the rank of Captain.
	www.post11.org /carranza/carranza1e.html (1516 words)

	Constitutionalist Movement.History.Mexico for Kids
		This new invasion was heroically repelled by the inhabitants of the port.
		However, not all the revolutionaries agreed that Carranza should become the Supreme Leader, as he called himself, and they were undecided as to the course to be followed by the Revolution.
		Carranza had a clear idea of what a nation should be.
	www.elbalero.gob.mx /kids/history/html/rev/revoluci.html (581 words)

	AllRefer.com - Venustiano Carranza (Mexican History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Carranza, aided by ObregOn, emerged supreme by Aug., 1915, although Zapata and Villa continued their rebellions in the south and north.
		Carranza was pressed by ObregOn to accept the Constitution of 1917, which contained potentially radical reform measures that Carranza opposed and subsequently failed to enforce.
		In 1920, Carranza attempted to prevent ObregOn from succeeding him as president, and ObregOn revolted.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/CarranzaV.html (293 words)

	[No title]
		Carranza, fought in that region, while Emiliano Zapata and his army fought in the South.
		Although they pursued a common objective, there was no consensus among the caudillos; in spite of the efforts of Venustiano Carranza to persuade Zapata to join their troops, Emiliano Zapata did not trust Carranza.
		The divisions were more evident after the fall of Huerta and at the entrance of Venustiano Carranza to the capital.
	www.angelfire.com /ak2/killer5/mexico/4zapata.htm (825 words)

	Chronology of the Mexican Revolution
		Venustiano Carranza draws up Plan of Guadalupe, in which he declares himself "First Chief of the Constitutionalist Army," claiming to be the rightful successor to Madero.
		Carranza responds by with-holding supplies of ammunition and coal from Villa.
		Carranza is assassinated in the village of Tlaxcalantongo, Puebla.
	www.uoregon.edu /~caguirre/mexico.htm (1266 words)

	Historical Text Archive: Articles: Carranza, Venustiano, and the Convention of Aguascalientes
		Agreed that the president shouldn't be Villa or Carranza.
		Carranza forces compromised their moral position for two months.
		Carranza had the devil of a time with Zapatistas.
	historicaltextarchive.com /sections.php?op=viewarticle&artid=391 (583 words)

	Tour By Mexico ® - Cuatrocienegas in Coahuila State, Mexico
		The name of this illustrious city, Cuatro Cienegas de Çarranza, refers to the marshes that were formed by the abundant springs arriving from four key locations and it being the birthplace of Venustiano Carranza, the Leader of the Constitutional Army.
		During his presidency, Venustiano Carranza ordered it restored and its reconstruction was completed in 1920.
		Built at the beginning of the nineteenth, century, this building was inherited by don Jesus Carranza, father of don Venustiano.
	www.tourbymexico.com /coahuila/cienegas/cienegas.htm (798 words)

	Page Title (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Veracruz, Carranza was assassinated by agents of Obregón and the Sonoran generals.
		One favored Carranza to rule Mexico; one favored Pancho Villa; and one wanted neither man. The convention eventually elected Gutiérrez as a compromise candidate.
		Carranza refused to recognize Gutiérrez and a civil war between the Carranza's Constitutionalists and Gutiérrez'
	www.jdwjme.com /mexrev/page2.html (315 words)

	Mexico's ruling party fragmenting
		In order to win, Carranza took advantage of Villa and Zapata's lack of program for the working class and appealed to the workers of Mexico City.
		Carranza and his generals were careful to keep workers and peasants divided and subordinate to the Mexican bourgeoisie, with the Constitutionalist Army playing a classic bonapartist role, serving as the arbiter among the contending classes.
		Carranza managed to rule until 1920 but was overthrown by one of his generals, Obregon, who had Carranza assassinated.
	www.wsws.org /articles/1999/apr1999/mex-a08.shtml (2435 words)

	Black Jack Pershing and Pancho Villa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		One of Carranza’s allies, Francisco “Pancho” Villa, turned against the new president, claiming with some reason that Carranza was not making good on his reform pledges.
		Carranza was not enthusiastic about the entry of an American army on to Mexican soil, and became even less so the farther south the soldiers moved.
		Carranza was formally elected president by a democratic vote and was recognized by the United States.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h1075.html (541 words)

	First World War.com - Primary Documents - President Carranza on Military Operations in Mexico, 22 May 1916
		However with the U.S. rapidly losing patience with Carranza, General Frederick Funston - U.S. commander along the border - was ordered to despatch an armed U.S. column into Mexico in pursuit of Villa (to be taken dead or alive).
		As these were gathering along the Mexican border President Carranza backed down, releasing a group of captured U.S. troops and despatching a note of apology on 4 July 1916, in which he suggested convening a conference to prevent future issues.
		Reproduced below is President Carranza's official letter of complaint to the U.S. government regarding the presence of U.S. troops in Mexico.
	www.firstworldwar.com /source/mexico_carranza.htm (3052 words)

	The Hutchinson Encyclopedia: Carranza, Venustiano (1859-1920)@ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		His presidency was marked by civil unrest and his reluctance to implement reforms set out in the 1917 constitution.
		Carranza supported Francisco Madero in the successful 1910-11 revolution against Porfrio Daz.
		In 1913, when Madero was overthrown as president by Victoriano Huerta, Carranza, in combination with General lvaro Obregn, Francisco Villa, and Emiliano Zapata, fought against Huerta and headed the Constitutionalist Army.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1P1:100123411 (151 words)

	Norman Walker article - 04/26/1920 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		He was in supreme command of the northwestern division, until removed by Carranza and later transferred to the Tampico district of Tamaulipas.
		This fat berth in the oil fields was then supposed to be a sop to keep Murguia friendly to the federal powers, since Murguia wavered in his loyalty after his removal from the northern command.
		Unless Washington takes an active hand, Carranza will have the fight of his life during the next month, and May, 1920, may see the overthrow of the Carranza government, as May, 1911, did the downfall of the graft-ridden Diaz government.
	www.cwcfamily.org /articles/family/nw200426.htm (423 words)

	Poncho Villa
		He refused to aid Victoriano Huerta and joined Pancho Villa against Venustiano Carranza (1914-19) He won several battles against Carranza's army but was finally ambushed and assassinated in Morelos.
		Villa, Venustiano Carranza, and Alvaro Obregon remained in command of the army but soon began to compete for power.
		Obregon resigned in 1917 and later led a revolution to overthrow Carranza, who was killed in the revolt.
	goodies.freeservers.com /panchovilla.html (1020 words)

	Civil War
		The Mexican Revolution finally settled into a power struggle between two men - Pancho Villa and General Venustiano Carranza - a rich landowner from the neighboring state of Coahuila.
		Obregon, was able to defeat him in 1915, and Villa then launched into a guerrilla phase and remained in the field for another five years until he finally surrendered in 1920, and went into retirement as a the manager of an agricultural colony for his veterans in Canutillo, near Parral.
		Carranza only stayed in power a few months before he, too, was ousted.
	www.ojinaga.com /villa/Civil_War/civil_war.html (386 words)

	Pancho Villa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Obregon was serving under Venustiano Carranza, the "First Chief" of the Constitutional Party.
		Carranza was one of the leaders who had threatened war if the Yankees didn't get out of his country, revolution or not!
		However, in early November of the same year, he was to be ambushed by Carranza at Agua Prieta.
	www.expage.com /page/reese53 (415 words)

	Border Revolution - page 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Along the border, political figures such as Francisco Madero, Francisco Pancho Villa and Venustiano Carranza emerged to lead movements of national importance, (see portraits of these political figures on the right hand side).
		Soon after his election, Francisco Madero was assassinated and the constitutionalist Venustiano Carranza took over the presidency.
		After traveling south of the border, (see photo on the right) many Americans were also left with the feeling that the United States simply could not turn their backs on the Mexican people simply because the quality of life that they had in Mexico was minimal.
	history.acusd.edu /gen/projects/border/page03.html (1421 words)

	Welcome to the RIO GRANDE / RIO BRAVO BASIN COALITION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Like Briseno, some 1,500 farmers in and around Anahuac in Nuevo Leon state have put their harvests "in the hands of God." Because of an eight-year drought, there is not enough water in the Venustiano Carranza reservoir for crop irrigation.
		Farmers, thirsty cities in northern Mexico, and the United States -- which is owed water by Mexico -- are all laying claims on the water in Venustiano Carranza, which cannot meet all the demands because it is only at 17 percent capacity.
		The United States is demanding Mexico pay a long-standing debt in water under the 1944 United States-Mexico Treaty for Utilization of Waters of the Colorado and Tijuana Rivers and of the Rio Grande.
	www.rioweb.org /Archive/cnn_debt042301.html (823 words)

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