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Topic: Venutius

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	Brigantes Nation Malham Marching Camp (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		From the South west (North Wales?) came the XX legion commanded by Agricola.
		Their mission was to meet the IX legion at Stanwick to attack King Venutius.
		Was this legionary marching camp at Malham part of their advance?
	brigantesnation.com /SiteResearch/Roman/Malham/Malham.htm (240 words)

	Cartimandua - WCD (Wiki Classical Dictionary) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		She and her husband, Venutius, are described by Tacitus as loyal to Rome and defended by Roman arms.
		After Caratacus's capture, Venutius emerged as the most prominent figure in the resistance: Cartimandua had divorced him in favour of his armour-bearer, Vellocatus, whom she elevated to the kingship.
		Venutius led a revolt against his ex-wife during the governorship of Aulus Didius Gallus (52-57), but was defeated by Caesius Nasica, commanding the Legio IX Hispana (http://www.livius.org/le-lh/legio/ix_hispana.html).
	www.ancientlibrary.com /wcd/Cartimandua (261 words)

	Cartimandua
		She and her husband Venutius were loyal to Rome, which was proven when in 51 CE the rebel leader of a neighboring tribe, Caractacus, asked for Cartimandua's aid but she turned him over to the Romans.
		Venutius, however, raised support and attacked his former wife, despite the fact that she held his brother and other relatives hostage.
		Venutius tried again in 69 CE and this time Cartimandua was unable to put down the revolt, even with Roman support, and was overthrown.
	www.pantheon.org /articles/c/cartimandua.html (217 words)

	House Shadow Drake - Brigit - Part 5
		Venutius is described by Tacitus to have been long faithful to Rome.
		Both Cartimandua and Venutius called for the aid of the Romans, and soon it became a battle between the Romans themselves.
		Venutius is defeated in 71 AD, and is pushed from the Vale of York to Stanwick.
	www.shadowdrake.com /brigit5.html (1532 words)

	Delaying Action - 79 AD (DBA Battle Scenario)
		Venutius is cast in the role of the defender and deploys as follows.
		Once Venutius has completed his dispositions, the army of the Roman Cerealis enters the game board at the road end with his forces in a group column in whatever element order is preferred, including a baggage train element in lieu of a Roman camp.
		The rear element of the column should be touching the Roman baseline, with the head of the column extending forward along the road as far as necessary to accomodate all the elements.
	fanaticus.org /DBA/battles/delay.html (845 words)

	Brigantes @ Y2U.co.uk
		In the beginning, led by their queen Cartimandua and her husband Venutius, they were on friendly terms with the Romans, acting as a "client-kingdom", a nominally independent ally beholden to Roman power.
		This was followed by a split with Venutius, who became the most prominent figure in the resistance to Rome.
		It is likely that Venutius was defeated, and the Brigantes conquered, during the governorship of Quintus Petillius Cerialis (71 - 74).
	y2u.co.uk /Knowledge_Information/RN_brigantes.htm (413 words)

	Late Iron Age Timeline
		The marriage of Venutius and Cartimandua, rulers of the Brigantes breaks down and civil war breaks out, It is probably at this time that the huge fortification of Stanwick is began.
		Venutius attacks Cartimandua, this time the ninth legion are required to save her.
		Venutius attacks Cartimandua with his much expanded army, again Cartimandua has to be saved, this time she has to be re-located away from Brigantia.
	www.brigantesnation.com /timeline/timelineearlyromanobritish.htm (2278 words)

	Tacitus: History: Book 3 [40]
		They were led by one Venutius, who, besides being naturally high spirited, and hating the name of Rome, was fired by his private animosity against Queen Cartismandua.
		Cartismandua ruled the Brigantes in virtue of her illustrious birth; and she strengthened her throne, when, by the treacherous capture of king Caractacus, she was regarded as having given its chief distinction to the triumph of Claudius Caesar.
		On the side of the husband were the affections of the people, on that of the adulterer, the lust and savage temper of the Queen.
	www.earth-history.com /Roman/Tacitus/h03040.htm (2024 words)

	Vellocatus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He was originally armour-bearer to Venutius, husband of Cartimandua, the queen of the Brigantes and an ally of Rome.
		Venutius went on to become an important figure in the resistance to Roman occupation.
		Venutius staged two revolts against Cartimandua, first in the mid-50s, which was defeated by the Romans, and again in 69, this time successfully.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vellocatus (171 words)

	BRIGANTES
		She grew to despise her husband Venutius, and took as her consort his squire Vellocatus, whom she admitted to share the throne with her.
		Her husband was favoured by the sentiments of all the citizens; the adulterer was supported by the queen's passion for him and by her savage spirit.
		In circa AD53, however, Venutius divorced Cartimandua and formed a faction of his own amongst his Carvetian tribespeople, attacking Cartimandua's power-base and causing the new Roman governor, Aulus Didius Gallus to send a number of auxiliary cohorts to her aid (Tacitus Annals XII, 40).
	www.roman-britain.org /tribes/brigantes.htm (1968 words)

	Romans in Britain - The Brigantian uprising (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Being so powerful, they were also a protecting force against any raids from the tribe in the northern part of the country that was not, as yet, under Roman rule.
		Because of the civil war, the Romans were depleted in strength so Venutius organised a revolt against his wife, the Queen believing that the Romans would not intervene as they were too engaged in Europe.
		Venutius was again on the throne of the Brigantes.
	www.romans-in-britain.org.uk /his_brigantian_uprising.htm (590 words)

	The Heroic Age: Brigantia, Cartimandua and Gwenhwyfar
		Venutius, who had previously fought for the Romans, turned to the anti-Roman faction among the Brigantes for support and ignited a civil war.
		Nothing is known about the final battle between Venutius and Vellocatus or the Romans, so it cannot be compared with Camlann other than for the likelihood that both battles occurred within Brigantian territory.
		The triad of Cartimandua, Venutius, and Vellocatus bear a remarkable resemblance to the Arthurian triad of Gwenhwyfar, Arthur and Medraut.
	members.aol.com /heroicage1/Issue1/habcg.htm (3425 words)

	BRITISH CELTIC NOBLES
		She was the leading noble of the Brigantian federation who was probably granted a clientship with Rome in AD43, along with her consort Venutius of the Carvetii.
		In circa AD53, however, Venutius divorced Cartimandua and formed a faction of his own, attacking Cartimandua's power-base and causing the new Roman governor, Aulus Didius Gallus to send a number of auxiliary cohorts to her aid (Tacitus Annals XII, 40).
		The new governor was forced to send several cohorts to her aid, until the forces under the able command of Venutius were eventually defeated in a decisive engagement.
	www.roman-britain.org /people/_britons.htm (5231 words)

	Burngreave Messenger March 2002
		She grew to despise her husband Venutius and took his personal servant Vellocatus as her lover and to share the throne.
		The citizens sided with her husband, but the adulterer was supported by the queen's passion for him and by her savage spirit.
		So when Venutius called in help from outside, just as the Brigantes were in revolt, Cartimandua was put in an extremely dangerous position.
	www.burngreavemessenger.org.uk /history/roman.shtml (637 words)

	WHY
		In this passage, it is clear that Venutius, while still Cartimandua's consort, was aligned with the pro-Roman faction, and that it was only when they fell into disagreement over an unspecified subject that their initial civil war developed into a war by Venutius not only against Cartimandua, but against the Romans also.
		According to Tacitus, Venutius had won the civil war with Cartimandua, and the sudden appearance of a hostile monarch on the throne of the Roman province's Northern border, let alone a monarch ruling over such an extensive and powerful kingdom as Brigantia, must have posed a serious threat to Roman security.
		After the capture of Caractacus, Venutius of the Brigantes, as I have already mentioned, was pre-eminent in military skill; he had long been loyal to Rome and had been defended by our arms while he was united in marriage to the queen Cartismandua.
	www.leeds.ac.uk /music/Info/CMJ/Conf/elfed.htm (7399 words)

	Romans in Britain - The Brigantes tribe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		It is clear that relations between the royal couple had deteriorated, in the intervening years, for the queen was to have a scandalous affair which was to rock the Brigantian court, and led to the governor, Vettius Bolanus, being replaced by a more forceful general.
		So Venutius, calling in aid from outsid and at the same time assisted by a revolt of the Brigantes themselves, put Cartimandua in an extremely dangerous position.
		In 53AD, Venutius divorced Cartimandua and formed a sub-tribe of his own, attacking Cartimandua's base and causing the new Roman governor, Aulus Didius Gallus to send a number of auxiliary cohorts to her aid.
	www.romans-in-britain.org.uk /clb_tribe_brigantes.htm (1262 words)

	Brigantes Rebellion
		Nonetheless she continued to rule for a further 18 years until in 69AD she was forced out by her estranged husband Venutius who was crowned king after leading a rebellion.
		Venutius waged war against the Romans and there were a number of great battles in the North.
		Stanwick was identified with Venutius and developed as a centre of political power as well as one of economic prosperity.
	dspace.dial.pipex.com /town/parade/hq69/Pages/his_brg.html (383 words)

	Cartimandua (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Cartimandua's consort, Venutius, called her a traitor and attempted to have her overthrown but he was unsuccessful after the Romans came to Cartimandua's aid.
		She convinced the Romans that if Venutius controlled the kingdom, he would not be as loyal to them as she was.
		For a while Cartimandua ruled jointly with Venutius, but when he made another attempt to overthrow her, she took Vellocatus, a royal armor-bearer, as her consort.
	www.distinguishedwomen.com /biographies/cartimandua.html (254 words)

	Brigantes
		In 57 AD Venutius, Cartimandua’s husband, tried to seize the power, but the Romans sent troops to defend Cartimandua and Venutius's rebellion was defeated after fierce fighting.
		Venutius staged another rebellion in 69 AD, taking advantage of Rome’s instability in the Year Of The Four Emperors.
		This time the Romans were only able to send auxiliaries, who succeeded in evacuating Cartimandua but left Venutius in possession of the kingdom.
	www.ancientworlds.net /4718 (513 words)

	Piercebridge
		When the Brigantian Queen, Cartimandua handed over the British rebel Caractacus to the Romans in the year 51 AD she infuriated her husband Venutius, who occupied Stanwick and rebelled against the Romans.
		Political and domestic feud between King Venutius of the Brigantes and his pro-Roman Queen Cartimandua came to a head in AD 51 whereafter Venutius remained a confirmed and active enemy of Rome.
		Venutius rallied the anti-Roman party beyond the immediate reach of Roman intervention, and a site in northern Yorkshire would well fit the conditions as they affected him.
	www.biffvernon.freeserve.co.uk /piercebridge.htm (1422 words)

	New Page 1
		This betrayal by Cartimandua caused a breach with her husband, Venutius, whom she divorced, taking his squire as her consort.
		The client kingdom of the Brigantes, which stretched across Britain from sea to sea and had protected the northern flank of the province from the time of Claudius, now was lost to Rome.
		It was as Tacitus said, "Venutius inherited the throne, and we the fighting." (In time, the Brigantes were to be defeated by Cerialis and Agricola, and their territory incorported into the province.)
	www.craddick.net /History.htm (1869 words)

	Brigantes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		She and her husband Venutius are described as loyal and "defended by Roman arms", but they later divorced, Venutius taking up arms first against his ex-wife, then her Roman protectors.
		Venutius staged another rebellion in 69, taking advantage of Roman instability in the Year of four emperors.
		After the accession of Vespasian, Quintus Petillius Cerialis was appointed governor of Britain and the conquest of the Brigantes was begun.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Brigantes (628 words)

	The Brigantes - Ancient Roman Empire Forums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The marriage of Cartimandua and Venutius was in essence a pro-Roman treaty, keeping the marriage stable was unfortunately another matter.
		Venutius is described as second only to Caractacus as a strategist (Tacitus) and the Romans found that they had to oppose him if they needed a stable and complaisant province.The Boudiccan revolt was contemporary, so if dissafection with Roman rule existed in tribal nationalist communities general ill feeling would have been maximised.
		The only military achievement Tacitus credits him with is rescuing Queen Catimandua from the civil war in her kingdom against her husband Venutius: and even then he only mentions 'indecisive engagements' (Histories).
	www.unrv.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=3575 (1540 words)

	Detail Page
		In 69, when Cartimandua discarded Venutius in favor of his armor-bearer, Vellocatus, whom she made joint ruler, she effectively separated her husband from his most important client-chief and provided herself with male support more favorable for her policy of close ties with Rome.
		However, in 68–69, while the Roman forces in Britain were otherwise occupied, Venutius and his supporters defeated Cartimandua in battle.
		Rome rescued her but did not restore her to her former position, and thereby lost the opportunity to maintain a strong and friendly buffer state on its northern British border.
	www.fofweb.com /Onfiles/Ancient/AncientDetail.asp?iPin=AGRW0105 (225 words)

	Rebellion of the Queen (pre-Celtic Goddesses of Sovereignty and Power)
		Later, she replaced Venutius with a younger consort, his arms bearer, Vellocatus.
		However, the society had changed sufficiently that Venutius felt emboldened to oppose this change and lead a rebellion against her.
		The Romans came to her aid and saved her, but Venutius assumed her role as leader of the Brigantia for a time.
	www.matrifocus.com /IMB04/myturn-linde.htm (1277 words)

	Battle Report: The Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire - A Scenarios DBA Event at Historicon 2006
		Meanwhile, in the far north, Venutius squared off with Calgacus in a see-saw battle that saw the Caledonians slowly pushed back on their oppida.
		Calgacus had the aid of the Druids of Inys Mon, but Venutius' effective use of denarii ensured a steady stream of allied reinforcements.
		As Venutius marshaled his combined forces for the drive south, the British alliance fractured, with Caratacus falling on the unsuspecting Prasutigus to settle old scores.
	www.wadbag.com /events/Britannia43AD (557 words)

	The Villa of Thea Didius
		Venutius, husband of Queen Cartimandua and at that point in time the best military man the Britons had, had been alienated by his wife and had taken up arms against the pro-Romans.
		He attacked her kingdom because Cartimandua was holding Venutius’ brother and other relatives.
		It was during Didius Gallus’ time as governor that the emperor Claudius died suspiciously in AD 54 and Nero gained the throne.
	theadidius.freeservers.com /didius.html (1418 words)

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