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Topic: Verb applicative

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auxiliary verb

irregular verbs

transitive verb

verb phrase

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	Applicative voice - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The applicative voice is a grammatical voice which promotes an oblique argument of a verb to the (core) patient argument, and indicates the oblique role within the meaning of the verb.
		When the applicative voice is applied to a verb, its valency may be increased by one, and intransitive verbs may be converted to transitive verbs.
		Applicatives may also be the only way of expressing such roles, as in the Bantu language Kichaga, where instrumental, benefactive, malefactive, and locative are formed solely by applicatives.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Applicative_voice (340 words)

	Alexandre Kimenyi's Website
		Verb stems which end with a liquid preceded by a a long front vowel (i or e) have the default applicative morpheme -ir- inserted.
		Verb stems whose last consonant is z and which end with a long vowel in the penultimate position have both the applicative default rule insertion and the non-insertion form.
		Boston University: Parasession on the syntax and semantics of applicatives.
	www.kimenyi.com /kikongo-perfective.php (4184 words)

	Alexandre Kimenyi's Website
		The applicative morpheme is added in three predictable environments: (i) between the intensifier morpheme -iir- and the perfective aspect -ye, (ii) on causativized verbs with an applicative suffix, and verbs with the causative suffix -y- which end with the perfective aspect marker, including those which are mistakenly believed to have this causative morpheme.
		In Swahili the applicative suffix is marked by the vowel i or e depending on whether, the preceding vowel is mid or non-mid.
		Verb phrases with event localizers are exactly paraphrases with phrases with the copular -ri in the participial form as shown by 124.
	kimenyi.com /kinyarwanda-applicatives-revisited.php (12689 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		He is particularly concerned with verbs of motion and the extension of motional and loca\- tional prepositions to other kinds of verbs, the germ of the \i thematic relations hypothesis\i0.
		A verb meaning \ldblquote cause to laugh\rdblquote or \ldblquote cause to write\rdblquote, for instance, will have one argument (the laugher or writer) who is an agent by virtue of laughing or writing, but a patient by virtue of being affected through the action of the causer.
		Applicative arguments with benefciary semantics can occur only in cases where an agent is present; in stative constructions that lack an agent, a beneficiary applicative is impossible.
	www-csli.stanford.edu /~tdavis/Ch2.rtf (8997 words)

	Mösiehuali honorifics
		Second person honorific forms on verbs are generally formed by a combination of the reflexive prefix mo- with a causative or applicative suffix such as -tia or -lia.
		When the respected second person is the subject of a transitive verb, an applicative is generally used instead of a causative, though some verbs use a causative anyway.
		When the subject of a verb is a third person who should be spoken of with respect, the verb usually carries an honorific suffix -hua or -lo, or sometimes -o.
	www.sil.org /Mexico/nahuatl/Tetelcingo/27i-Honorifics-nhg.htm (1099 words)

	Verb applicative - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A verb applicative is a morpheme that increases the valency of a verb by adding a new core argument to it.
		Tagalog, like other Filipino languages, has a curious system (called a trigger system) that allows multiple kinds of applicatives on verbs to specify different roles for the main argument.
		This page was last modified 23:14, 24 November 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Verb_applicative (91 words)

	[No title]
		2 High and Low Applicatives Since applicative affixes add an argument to the verb, the most straightforward hypothesis for their semantics is to say that they are elements which take an event as their argument and introduce an individual which is thematically related to that event.
		The main claim of this paper is that the English and the Chaga applicatives illustrate a general typology of applicative constructions.
		One is the adversity passive, where the verb occurs with the passive morpheme (r)are, and the other is the adversity causative, where the verb occurs with the causative morpheme (s)ase (e.g.
	wwwlot.let.uu.nl /zs2001/papersMarantz/Applicatives.doc (3026 words)

	Kamakawi Verbs
		A second class of verbs is the class where the derived noun is essentially a nominal form of the verb.
		Another type of verb is a verb whose zero-derived noun is an agent which performs the action of the verb, or who fits the description of the verb.
		The result of the operation is a transitive verb (the largest verb in Kamakawi), which means that the argument beyond the agent (the one being caused to perform the action) is optional.
	dedalvs.free.fr /kamakawi/verbs.html (2683 words)

	Jordan: INL: Lesson 12
		Because of the addition of an object, the result is most easily classified as transitive verb, although the original verb may or may not have been transitive.
		Essentially, the applicative ending adds an object and the reflexive prefix absorbs it again, leaving the meaning the same except for how all-fired elegant it is because of the excess syllables.
		In most cases, there is little point to reflecting the reverential applicative in an English translation, but it obviously flavors the tone of the Nahuatl original.
	weber.ucsd.edu /~dkjordan/nahuatl/nahuatllessons/INL-12.html (345 words)

	Taba as a split-O language
		Transitive verbs include the sorts of verbs which generally show a high degree of transitivity cross-linguistically such as 'hit' and 'kill' etc. Taba also has a class of what might be called 'semi-transitive' verbs, which optionally allow an argument to be marked adpositionally.
		We define applicatives in Taba as constructions in which a derived verb has a valence one higher than the stem from which it was derived, and in which the added argument is not cross-referenced on the verb as an Actor by a proclitic.
		Dixon and Aikhenvald (1997: 80), when discussing applicative derivation with transitive stems say that 'in the applicative derivation the original A is retained, an erstwhile peripheral argument is promoted to be O, and the original O is pushed out onto the periphery (typically marked by dative or locative case)'.
	rspas.anu.edu.au /linguistics/projects/WP/Bowden2.html (11341 words)

	[No title]
		For all verbs except verbs which have undergone pro-drop or express the agent as a clitic, the value of ARG-S is the domain union (indicated by 'U') of the values of SUBJ and COMPS (xUy preserves ordering on x and on y but freely intermingles them).
		The ARG-S is inherited from the verb stem: canon-verb: SUBJ [1]
		Verbs are sorted into agentive voice (syntactically accusative) and objective voice (syntactically ergative): canon-verb -> AV-verb v OV-verb In a syntactically accusative verb stem (as in English, or Balinese AV verbs), the value of ARG-S is canonically the append of the values of SUBJ and COMPS, in that order.
	uts.cc.utexas.edu /~wechsler/balinese (2880 words)

	UH Press Journals: Oceanic Linguistics, vol. 42, no. 1 (2003)
		The applicative construction in Barupu (Macro-Skou family from northern New Guinea) performs all the functions expected of an applicative: it is a valency increasing construction that adds an object to a verb, similar to the relationship between the intransitive 'be afraid' and the transitive 'fear' in English.
		The applicative object behaves the same as the base object of a transitive verb with similar semantics, including the ability to appear indexed on the verb.
		I examine the phonological, morphological, and syntactic patterns associated with these "applicatives," and show that there is a phonotactic constraint in the language that motivates this apparent mismatch of properties, and a plausible pathway for the development of at least some of these morphemes.
	www.uhpress.hawaii.edu /journals/ol/OL421.html (1099 words)

	Beyond Alternations: A Constructional Model of the German Applicative Pattern
		Accordingly, these frameworks take verbs, and their projection properties, to be the sole contributors of thematic content to the clause.
		Second, applicative verbs are bound by interpretive and argument-realization conditions which cannot be traced to their base forms, if any.
		Like verbs of transfer and location, the applicative construction has a prototype-based event-structure representation: diverse implications of applicative predications--including iteration, transfer, affectedness, intensity and saturation--are shown to derive via regular patterns of semantic extension from the topological concept of coverage.
	csli-publications.stanford.edu /site/1575863308.html (237 words)

	[No title]
		For the applicative, this also means adding an indirect object, usually an instrument by means of which an action is performed.
		If the verb base begins with a consonant, the consonant is obligatorily geminated (this gemination is reflected in the orthography).
		This means that a ditransitive verb with an incorporated noun becomes a transitive verb, and that a transitive verb becomes intransitive.
	www.langmaker.com /featured/tepaword.htm (1966 words)

	[No title]
		John swept (his way [out of the room]) (53) On this view, the subjects and objects of verbs are generally not arguments of the root, the sole exception being the case of the object as "inner subject" of a predicative root as in (51).
		If roots never implicate relations between events and entities, as in high applicatives, then all objects that are not inner subjects must be part of low applicative constructions, i.e., relations between the object and some other entity as in (50).
		NOTE: a null higher argument of the low applicative cannot prevent passivization of the lower argument (as in "a song was sung" from (70b)).
	web.mit.edu /marantz/Public/Morph02/Argument_Structure.doc (1779 words)

	Re: Indirect Objects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		I hear that > > in English they tend to be marked by "to" or "for", but I don't see the > > difference between those prepositions and any other variety.
		These can be > expressed as PrepPs in _to_ or _for_, or they can be transformed into > applicatives with the beneficiary or dative lacking a preposition and > positioned like an Object, ie.
		The verb and its > Objects form a solid block with nothing else coming in between them.
	www.talkaboutscience.com /group/sci.lang/messages/327427.html (566 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Khmer is a language which exhibits a considerable degree of verb serialization.
		A working hypothesis is explored here for Khmer that Serial Verb Constructions are composed of binary combinations of verbs (and verb groups), linearly ordered and in exhaustive hierarchical relationships to one another.
		This papers considers factors triggering codeswitching amongst Greek-Australian bilinguals, particularly with regard to gender- and power-based triggers; bilingual speech is placed in the broader framework of sociolinguistic gender differences, in which the concepts of female solidarity and male competitiveness are given a new bilingual meaning.
	www.linguistics.unimelb.edu.au /research/mplal/wpling13.html (1223 words)

	Re: Indirect Objects
		My statement of the rule is this: The verb and its Object or Objects form a single block (the verb-Object complex).
		_call_ is the verb and _a taxi_ is the Direct Object.
		This is an applicative, which converts the beneficiary from a PrepP to another Object (I call this an Applicative Object).
	www.talkaboutscience.com /group/sci.lang/messages/327544.html (375 words)

	Kamusi - Search Results
		verb applicative, - [ edit entry ] [ photos: upload ]
		verb applicative, - [ edit entry ] [ photos: upload / view ]
		Solution 1: Verb: -lia Subject: a - he she or it (for people or animals) Tense: nga - although
	research.yale.edu /cgi-bin/swahili/lookup.cgi?Word=angalia&EngP=0 (801 words)

	Verb applicative (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Tagalog like other Filipino languages has a curious system (called a system) that allows multiple kinds of applicatives verbs to specify different roles for the argument.
		17 Squadron RAF, Devdas, Category of magmas, Antipassive voice, Haliotis, Verb applicative, Category of medial magmas, Yarmulkah, Bob Jones, Sr.
		Mil Gaya, Chimerae, Chimeras, Lesmahagow, Bob Jones III, USS Frank Knox (DD-742), Abbey Green, RAF No. 17 Squadron, Life of Adam and Eve, MER-A timeline for 2004 April, Zeuhl, Maranatha Baptist Bible College, Adjournment, Northland Baptist Bible College, Scilly Islands, Baptist College of Ministry, Frank Sprague, About this article.
	www.freeglossary.com /Verb_applicative (491 words)

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