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Topic: Verbunkos

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	Bela Bartók and Turn-of-the-century Hungary
		The verbunkos (derived from the German word Werbung) was a recruiting dance used by the Habsburg army between the years of 1715 and 1849.
		Verbunkos music was considered to have originated from folk music sources that were adapted to suit the gypsy temperament.
		Verbunkos was also transplanted into the nineteenth century art-music in the works of Hungarian Romantics such as the opera composer Ferenc Erkel and instrumental composer Milhály Mosonyi.
	www.thehandstand.org /archive/Dec2001/EdcellDec2001/articles/bartok.htm (2463 words)

	Bence Szabolcsi: A Concise History of Hungarian Music / VIThe “Verbunkos”.The National Musical Style of the ...
		The language of the “verbunkos” was full of national characteristics, that is of melodic turns accepted all over the country, and the “verbunkos” stood as a symbol for all this.
		The secret of success may be explained by the fact that “verbunkos” music, having in the meantime gained popularity all over the country, made its appearance on the stage as well in these compositions, and the time came – around 1860 – when it prevailed in the entire language of the opera.
		The period of the “early verbunkos” (1788–1810) led to the period of the “culminating verbunkos” (1810–1840), which subsequently gave way to the period of the “late verbunkos” (1840–1880).
	mek.oszk.hu /02100/02172/html/6.html (2532 words)

	Music of Hungary - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the 19th century, verbunkos was the most popular style in Hungary.
		The rhythmic patterns and embellishments of the verbunkos are distinctively Hungarian in nature, and draw heavily upon the folk music composed in the early part of the century by Antal Csermak, Ferdinand Kauer, Janos Lavotta and others
		One verbunkos tune, the "Rákóczi Song" became a march that was a prominent part of compositions by both Liszt and Hector Berlioz.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Music_of_Hungary (5006 words)

	hungarian music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Somewhere around the period of the 19th century, verbunkos was the most popular style of Hungarian music.
		Verbunkos was a style of the Hungarian music that originally played at recruitment ceremonies to convince young men to join the army.
		Most of the biggest names engaged in modern Hungarian music are of the people who play verbunkos.
	www.musicbeats.net /hungarian_music.htm (369 words)

	CLUB CCD On-Line
		We know of data about the verbunkos from the middle of the 18th century and it seems that it became fashionable in the 1770s.
		The negative characters were never identified with the verbunkos, while the positive the overture and this descending, scale-like motif occurs at every step in the score.
		The verbunkos served not only as basic melodic material and a means of characterization but also as part of the formal construction.
	www.ccd.pl /main.php?screen=katalog&action=opis&id=62005 (2034 words)

	general list
		In the 19th century, verbunkos was the most popular style in Hungary, especially the virtuosos János Bihari and Czinka Panna.
		Verbunkos was originally played at recruitment ceremonies to convince young men to join the army.
		Táncház is a form of dance music which first appeared in the 1970s as a reaction against state-supported homogenized folk music.
	xoomer.alice.it /pfreelance/regioni/Hungary.htm (313 words)

	Los Angeles Philharmonic Association - Piece Detail (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Kodály’s work is an expanded verbunkos (from the German werben, to recruit), the verbunkos being in 18th- and 19th-century Hungary a dance-show put on by the recruiting sergeant and his hussars for the potential enlistees, the message being that the soldier’s life is endless fun.
		The verbunkos traditionally consists of two sections, the lassú (literally, “slow”) and the friss (“fresh”).
		The structure of Kodály’s Dances from Galánta consists of a three-part lassú (the orchestral introduction, the clarinet’s cadenza, and the subsequent luscious andante maestoso section) followed by a friss that begins allegro moderato and then erupts into four different fast dances, separated by brief references to the andante maestoso.
	www.laphil.org /resources/piece_detail.cfm?id=102 (576 words)

	Alabama Symphony Orchestra - Season Calendar - Program Notes - Dvorák Symphony No. 8 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		During the next thirty years, Kodály not only continued to collect indigenous music, but he also devised a system of music education based on Hungarian folk song and consistently utilized its stylistic components in his compositions.
		The verbunkos, a Hungarian dance of alternating fast and slow sections, became something of a national institution when it was used by local military recruiters during the 18th-century imperial wars as a tactic to entice young men into joining the armed forces.
		The verbunkos withered away after conscription was begun in 1849, but its progeny still resound in concert halls throughout the world.
	www.alabamasymphony.org /program-notes-dvorak-8.html (2219 words)

	About Hungary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Verbunkos, Hungarian dances and folksy songs that are reminiscent of Hungarian folk music were written in the first half of the 19
		The general public at home and abroad associated verbunkos with the then voguish “Hungary image”, as illustrated by its employment in several works by great Western composers: Joseph Haydn, Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827), Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Carl Maria von Weber (1786-1826), Hector Berlioz (1803-1869) and Johannes Brahms (1833-1897).
		In Hungary, romantic poets referred to a refined version of folk poetry as genuinely national, while verbunkos, at least as it reappeared in composed adaptations, was hailed as the manifestation of a new, national music.
	www.combinedendeavor.areur.army.mil /pages/hungary/music.htm (4794 words)

	Telarc International:
		The Dances of Galanta were the product of a commission from the Budapest Philharmonic, in honor of its 80th anniversary in 1933.
		For this work, Kodaly turned to a collection of Hungarian gypsy dances published around 1800 in the style of the verbunkos, a dance of alternating fast and slow sections used by military recruiters in the eighteenth century to entice young men into joining the army.
		The Hary Janos Suite is taken from Kodaly's opera of the same name and is based on the fantastic stories woven around the military exploits of Janos, who actually lived in Hungary early in the nineteenth century.
	www.telarc.com /gscripts/title.asp?gsku=0413 (194 words)

	Werner Chan
		The Hungarian flavour derives from the essentially petty-aristocratic pseudo-folk verbunkos tradtion ; a tradition which arose in the middle of the eighteenth century as an accompniment to military recruitment ceremonies.
		verbunkos tradtion in his other pieces such as the Sixth String Quartet.
		The First Suite for Orchestra (1905), retain the influence of the verbunkos, though by 1905 Bartok was much less interested in Strauss, and was rediscovering the works of Liszt.
	sky.prohosting.com /wernchan/publications/bartok.htm (1158 words)

	CER \| Hungary: Untamed Art of Music
		This was the verbunkos, an instrumental dance music once used as recruitment propaganda in Hungarian villages by soldiers of the Austrian Habsburg forces, a genre which fused folk and art forms, and the principal exponents of which came to be settled Magyar (Hungarian) Roma musicians.
		This mirrored the situation in Islamic Turkey, where music was regarded with suspicion, particularly the instrumental music associated with dance, the performance of which was left to lower-caste, non-Muslim professional musicians such as the Roma.
		Though music as a middle- or upper-class profession was stymied in Hungary by social convention, many amateur composers belonged to these classes and could only find an expressive outlet for their work through the performances of the Roma musicians.
	www.ce-review.org /01/13/dullea13.html (1843 words)

	Análisis del primer movimiento de los Contrastes de Bela Bartok - CLARIPERU
		A finales del siglo XVIII y principios del XIX comenzó a evolucionar una forma popular del Verbunkos para la clase media a través de las interpretaciones de virtuosos como Janos Bihari (1754-1827), uno de los más celebres músicos gitanos, y por la demanda del mercado amateur.
		Partituras de Verbunkos fueron publicadas desde 1784 en adelante en Viena y otros lugares y el número de dichas publicaciones listadas en las bibliografías sugiere que eran muy populares.
		En cuanto a la estructura del Verbunkos, este se caracteriza por tener una sección lenta (Lassu o Lassan) y una rápida (Friss o Friska); estas podría formar un par o alternarse en longitudes mayores.
	www.clariperu.org /contraste_Bartok_articulo.html (2239 words)

	Portrait of János Bihari, Composer and Gipsy Virtuoso by DONÁT, János
		He formed his well-known band around 1801 the Pest, poured popular and ancient Hungarian melodies into in framework of the "verbunkos".
		The sources of the verbunkos, not yet comopletely known, include some of the traditions of the old Hungarian popular music, certain Levantine, Balkan and Slav elements, probably through the intermediation of the Gipsies, and also elements of the Viennese-Italian music, coming from the first cultivators of the verbunkos, the urban musicians of German culture.
		He was credited around 1815 with having written the Rákóczi March, which in reality had taken shape under the hands of unknown musicians from old fragments, mostly from those of the instrumental Rákóczi-tune.
	www.wga.hu /html/d/donat/bihari.html (152 words)

	deseretnews.com \| Festival ends week in spectacular fashion
		The opening movement ("Verbunkos," "Recruiting Dance"), is a highly caricatured piece, while the second movement ("Piheno," "Relaxation") calls to mind Bartok's "night music" in its ethereal glow.
		The closing "Sebes" ("Fast Dance") returns to the parody present in "Verbunkos," although here the dance revels in its virtuosity.
		Russell Harlow, Philippe Djokic and Robert Moeling gave a stellar performance that captured the spirit and flavor of each movement with their lucid playing.
	deseretnews.com /dn/view/0,1249,595078355,00.html (476 words)

	Items from Hungary.
		Mv Verbunkos (Mv 218-98) is a new, top-quality wheat with good agronomic properties.
		Mv Verbunkos outyielded Mv Emma, an older variety with similar quality, by 10-12 %.
		The majority of the newly registered wheat varieties (Mv Panna, Mv Marsall, Mv Amanda, Mv Verbunkos, and Mambo) have good powdery mildew resistance, whereas some (Mv Marsall and Mv Amanda) are resistant to leaf rust and several (Mv Verbunkos, Mv Panna, and Mv Marsall) have good stem resistance.
	wheat.pw.usda.gov /ggpages/awn/48/Textfiles/HUNGARY.html (4945 words)

	Drawbridge Music : Music Books : Verbunkos Rhapsody for Violin or Viola or Clarinet with Piano Accompaniment - Editio ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Drawbridge Music : Music Books : Verbunkos Rhapsody for Violin or Viola or Clarinet with Piano Accompaniment - Editio Musica Budapest
		Verbunkos Rhapsody for Violin or Viola or Clarinet with Piano Accompaniment - Editio Musica Budapest
		Title: Verbunkos Rhapsody for Violin or Viola or Clarinet with Piano Accompaniment
	www.drawbridgemusic.com /musicbooks-view/IRH-50510619 (64 words)

	Classics Today.com - Your Online Guide to Classical Music
		Having said that, this version has many admirable qualities.
		Ludmila Peterková's clarinet has the right piercing tone for the sharp edges of the Verbunkos dance, yet she softens nicely to provide the sharp "contrasts" required in the piece.
		The second movement is appropriately spooky and emotional, with gripping unisons of the clarinet and violin, murky piano chords, and delicate treble utterings.
	www.classicstoday.com /review.asp?ReviewNum=3428 (368 words)

	Verbunkos Rhapsody for Violin or Viola or Clarinet With Piano Accompaniment - Sheet Music Book
		Verbunkos Rhapsody for Violin or Viola or Clarinet With Piano Accompaniment - Sheet Music Book
		Verbunkos Rhapsody for Violin or Viola or Clarinet With Piano Accompaniment
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	www.musicnotes.com /sheetmusic/ard.asp?sid=50&ppn=BKHL50510619 (47 words)

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