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Topic: Verdun, Meuse, France

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	CalendarHome.com - Battle of Verdun - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Verdun was the longest battle and one of the bloodiest in World War I. In both France and Germany it has come to represent the horrors of war, similar to the significance of the Battle of the Somme in the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth.
		Verdun guarded the northern entrance to the plains of Champagne and thus the approach to the French capital city of Paris.
		Verdun was poorly defended because most of the artillery had been removed from the local fortifications, but good intelligence and a delay in the German attack due to bad weather gave the French time to rush two divisions of 30th Corps—the 72nd and 51st—to the area's defense.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Battle_of_Verdun (1850 words)

	Verdun - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Verdun (German: Wirten, official name before 1970 Verdun-sur-Meuse) is a city and commune in the Lorraine région, northeast France, in the Meuse département, of which it is a sous-préfecture.
		Verdun became part of the middle kingdom Lotharingia, and later of the Holy Roman Empire, in which it was an Imperial Free City.
		Consequently, Verdun was utterly unprepared for the initial bombardment on the morning of 21 February 1916.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Verdun,_Meuse,_France (680 words)

	Meuse, France - LoveToKnow 1911
		About one-half belongs to the basin of the river Meuse, which is enclosed on the west by the wooded region of Argonne, on the east by the hills known as the Cotes de Meuse.
		The chief waterways are the canal connecting the Marne with the Rhine and the Eastern canal along the Meuse valley; the two together have a length of 145 miles.
		Ecclesiastically the department forms the diocese of Verdun; it has its court of appeal at Nancy, and constitutes part of the district of the army corps of Chalons-sur-Marne, and of the educational division of Nancy.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Meuse%2C_France (527 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Verdun
		Verdun was re-established by the Bull of 27 July, 1817, and by the Royal Decree of 31 October, 1822.
		Diocese of Verdun, portions of the ancient Dioceses of Trier, Châlons, Toul, Metz, and Reims, and became suffragan of the Archdiocese of Besançon.
		Verdun to consecrate the new cathedral on 11 November, 1147.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/15350c.htm (1648 words)

	Edwards - pafg95 - Generated by Personal Ancestral File
		Emma TORTA was born in 1000/1020 in,,, France.
		Ada Of AMIENS, Countess Of Ponthieu was born in 1030.
		HENRY I, Duke Of Burgundy was born in 1035 in Burgundy, France.
	ourworld.cs.com /jdaddy2170/edwards-christiansen/pafg95.htm (468 words)

	FRANCE - LoveToKnow Article on FRANCE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		On the whole, however, France is inadequately provided with natural harbours; her long tract of coast washed by the Atlantic and the Bay of Biscay has sqarcely three or four good seaports, and those on the southern shore of the Channel form a striking contrast to the spacious maritime inlets on theEnglish side.
		The basin of the Garonne occupies south-western France with the exception of the tracts covered by the secondary basins of the Adour, the Aude, the Hrault, the Orb and other smaller rivers, and the lowlying plain of the Landes, which is watered by numerous coast rivers, notably by the Leyre.
		Upper Poitou and the zone of south-western France to the north of the Pyrenees are the chief regions for the breeding of mules.
	49.1911encyclopedia.org /F/FR/FRANCE.htm (16624 words)

	Search Results for "Verdun"
		Verdun, battle of, the longest and one of the bloodiest engagements of World War I. Two million men were engaged.
		Verdun, Treaty of, the partition of Charlemagne's empire among three sons of Louis I, emperor of the West.
		It was concluded in 843 at Verdun on the Meuse or, possibly,...
	www.bartleby.com /cgi-bin/texis/webinator/sitesearch?FILTER=col65&query=Verdun (291 words)

	Verdun@Everything2.com
		The French "victory" at Verdun, such as it was, lay in the fact that the primary German objective was frustrated.
		Verdun was surrounded by steep hills and ridges, offering a strong line of defense, in addition to three concentric rings of underground forts.
		The reason the Germans chose Verdun as the location of their largest offensive thus far in the war was the psychological power it commanded.
	www.everything2.com /index.pl?node=Verdun&lastnode_id=1002063 (1403 words)

	First World War.com - Battles - The Battle of Verdun, 1916
		The German siege of Verdun and its ring of forts, which comprised the longest battle of the First World War, has its roots in a letter sent by the German Chief of Staff, Erich von Falkenhayn, to the Kaiser, Wilhelm II, on Christmas Day 1915.
		Although relegated by France to the status of a minor fortress during the early stages of the war, France having lost faith in the value of fortress defences, Verdun maintained a great psychological hold in the minds of the French people.
		By this stage the German Chancellor, Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg, was scathing in his condemnation of Falkenhayn’s lack of success in Verdun, which was proving as costly in terms of manpower to Germany as it was to France.
	www.firstworldwar.com /battles/verdun.htm (2238 words)

	Verdun - National Parks International Shopping at dooyoo.co.uk
		Verdun (German (old): Wirten, official name before 1970 Verdun-sur-Meuse) is a city and commune in the Lorraine région, northeast France, in the Meuse département, of which it is a sous-préfecture.
		Verdun, a ten-month battle that claimed close to a million German and French lives, was as far as I can gather the most brutal of battles, in the most terrible of wars.
		Verdun was the Great War battle with the highest density of dead per square meter, and to this day some 12 million (yes, this mind-boggling figure has been confirmed) unexploded shells still lie buried in the soil around the town.
	www.dooyoo.co.uk /national-parks-international/verdun (276 words)

	Lorraine: Introduction - France.com
		It is the only region of France to share its borders with 3 other European countries, and, indeed the region has always been defined as a border province, its cities still showing the strife of many wars.
		Lorraine's historic capital, Nancy, is built between the Marne and Meuse rivers.
		One of the most striking sites is Rodin's memorial, which depicts the figure of Victory unable to soar because she has been caught in the remains of a dead soldier.
	www.france.com /docs/147.html (314 words)

	Ancestors of George Collie Robison - pafg233 - Generated by Personal Ancestral File
		Henri I FRANCE KING OF FRANCE was born 1008 in Of, Reims, Champagne.
		Anna Agnesa (Grand Duchess Of Kiev) YAROSLAVNA QUEEN OF FRANCE was born 1036 in Of, Kiev,, Ukraine.
		Ildegarde Countess Of THOUARS was born 1041 in Of, Thouars, Deux-Sevres, France.
	www.geocities.com /kolok_net/pafg233.htm (493 words)

	The Battle of Verdun 1916 - the greatest battle ever
		The Battle of Verdun is considered the greatest and lengthiest in world history.
		Verdun - Phase 3 - The Battle of the Flanks
		Verdun - Phase 4 - The Battle for the Flanks -
	www.wereldoorlog1418.nl /battleverdun/index.htm (434 words)

	Verdun
		Verdun is a delightful small city on the banks of the Meuse River in northern France.
		Verdun suffered a vicious bombardment and struggle that lasted far too long during 1916, and evidence still exists in the most common of places.
		Verdun was a Gaulish settlement before the Romans came, so the city can rightfully be called old.
	home.earthlink.net /~sagittariusrising/verdun.htm (623 words)

	Row upon Row
		Cradle of the naturist movement since 1930, France accommodates 2 million naturist tourists annually, from all social strata, 60 % of whom are from its European neighbours.
		The naturists claim a desire "to be in harmony with nature." The numbers of people visiting this beach is dropping, as the population from which the visitors is drawn is ageing.
		France has 8,000 centenarians; in 50 years, it is estimated there will be 150,000.
	flatrock.org.nz /topics/older_and_under/american_cemetery_near_verdun.htm (623 words)

	Verdun, town, France. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		An episcopal see since the 4th cent., Verdun, with its surrounding area, was one of the three bishoprics (with Metz and Toul) seized (1552) by Henry II of France from the Holy Roman Empire.
		In 1918 the Americans and French were victorious in the Verdun sector and at Saint-Mihiel.
		The town and the battlefield of Verdun, with their huge military cemeteries and numerous impressive monuments, form a national sanctuary.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ve/VerdunFr.html (277 words)

	First World War.com - Primary Documents - Erich Ludendorff on the Battle of Verdun, 21 February 1916
		German Army Chief of Staff Erich von Falkenhayn's stated intention was to "bleed France white" in the latter's defence of Verdun.
		Indeed the failure to capture Verdun ultimately resulted in Falkenhayn's removal as Chief of Staff and Paul von Hindenburg's installation (together with Ludendorff).
		Verdun from the viewpoint of general strategy was well chosen as the place for our attack; for Verdun was a particularly threatening starting-point for a French counterassault.
	www.firstworldwar.com /source/verdun_ludendorff.htm (726 words)

	Verdun Travel Article
		Verdun was no exception and quickly became the symbol of the carnage ascribed to modern warfare.
		The Battle of Verdun was born from the German high command’s simple plan to bleed the French army dry of men leaving them to drop out of the two-year struggle, or at least ineffective to back her allies in the war.
		Today, Verdun’s very apparent war-scarred skin supports the invading armies of tourists from all over the world who wish to catch a glimpse of what the battle was about and the acts of heroism and havoc that were committed here.
	www.rtttravel.com /euroinfo/europi/verdun.html (2543 words)

	WWW.YANNARTHUSBERTRAND2.ORG
		Quelque 25 000 tombes américaines disséminées aux alentours de Verdun furent ainsi regroupées à Romagne où, après le rapatriement de près de la moitié des corps sur le sol américain, 14 246 soldats reposent encore.
		Verdun a, pour la même raison, accueilli une réconciliation franco-allemande en 1984 et elle a été nommée capitale de la Paix, des Libertés et des Droits de l’Homme.
		Some 25,000 American tombs scattered around Verdun were then brought together at Romagne where, after almost half the bodies were repatriated to American soil, 14,246 soldiers have lain ever since.
	www.yannarthusbertrand.com /yann2/affichage.php?reference=365J-11-11&pais=France (383 words)

	Verdun, France
		The old and much fought-over fortified town of Verdun lies at what is strategically the most important crossing of the Meuse, on the road between the Rhine and Paris.
		Surrounded by fortified hills, Verdun was one of France's strongest fortresses in the First World War.
		In 1552 Henry II of France occupied the town, and in 1648 it was permanently incorporated in France.
	www.planetware.com /france/verdun-f-lor-ve.htm (177 words)

	Meuse, Lorraine, France - intoFrance
		Verdun based at the mouth of the river Meuse, is not so much a grim experience but more of a sobering one.
		The town of Verdun quietly boasts a Rodin memorial to the dead by the 18th century gateway at the north end of Rue St Paul.
		An audio-visual display recreates Verdun’s role in the war and ends showing how the "unknown soldier" was chosen for re-internment under the Arc de Triomphe in Paris in 1920.
	www.intofrance.co.uk /destinations/guides/department.asp?departmentid=56 (512 words)

	Verdun France - Alsace Lorraine - IndigoGuide Verdun
		Verdun France - Alsace Lorraine - IndigoGuide Verdun
		Between 1916 and 1918, around 800,000 young French and German men lost their lives in the hills near Verdun, a place that is primarily known for the tragedies of WWI that took place north of here.
		A useful introduction to the history of Verdun can be found in the Citadelle on rue du Rû (€5.40), 7km of underground galleries that were designed by Vauban in the 1600s and completed in 1838.
	www.indigoguide.com /france/verdun.htm (390 words)

	Verdun - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Verdun, Battle of, major engagement of World War I, fought between German and French forces in Verdun, France, from February to December 1916.
		Verdun (France), town in northeastern France, in Meuse Department, on the Meuse River, in Lorraine.
		Verdun (Québec), city in Île de Montréal County, southern Québec, Canada.
	encarta.msn.com /Verdun.html (117 words)

	France at War - La Voie Sacree: Myth and Reality
		A favorable strategic factor that influenced the German High Command into attacking Verdun in February 1916, was the precarious nature of Verdun's lines of supplies.
		The myth is that the Road alone, later to be called the "Vole Sacree" exclusively supplied Verdun during the German onslaught in 1916.
		Eventually, this relief railway line was extensively used by the AEF, in 1918, during the preparation of both the Saint Mihiel and Meuse- Argonne offensives.
	www.worldwar1.com /france/vsacree.htm (1249 words)

	Verdun - Americans in France (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Located on the banks of the Meuse River, Verdun is the site of some of the longest, and most terrible battles of World War I, with 750,000 troops killed, during 1916 alone.
		Verdun was captured by the Germans in World War II in 1940, and liberated by the Americans in 1944.
		In Verdun there are large monuments to both wars, and 6 miles northeast of the city, several battlefields remind of the terrible slaughter during World War I. Books by Jim and Emmy Humberd:
	www.americansinfrance.net /Tidbits/Verdun.cfm (113 words)

	Battle of Verdun
		During the First World War Verdun was a fortified French garrison town on the River Meuse 200km east of Paris.
		On 24th February, General Henri-Philippe Petain was appointed commander of the Verdun sector.
		Verdun, the longest battle of the First World War, ended on the 18th December.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /FWWverdun.htm (419 words)

	Ville de Verdun : The Town Hall
		The four cannons of honour - the Marie, the Barbu (Bearded), the Livie and the Berceau (Cradle) - were given to the Town of Verdun on 23 November 1873 in memory of the courage shown by the people of Verdun during the 81 days of siege in 1870.
		The one-ton bomb was dropped on the town by the German air force during the night of 1 to 2 September 1944 a few hours after the town had been liberated to destroy the bridges over the Meuse and slow the progress of the 3rd American Army of General Patton.
		Among the paintings that catch the eye is a portrait of Victor Schleiter who organised the reconstruction of the martyred town, a painting with a First World War soldier in front of the upper town with the cathedral on fire and a magnificent portrait painted by Tischbein in 1762 of François de Chevert (1695-1769).
	www.ville-verdun.fr /The-Town-Hall.html (625 words)

	Verdun travel guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Verdun is a charming little town of Eastern France.
		The name of Verdun is know around the world because of the ferocious battle that took place there during WWI.
		Verdun is today the largest city of the department of Meuse.
	www.world66.com /europe/france/east/lorraine/verdun (192 words)

	1914-1918 Butte de Vauquois - Verdun- Francerama
		Cemeteries, monuments and memorials [5] among which the Memorial of Pennsylvania [6] [7] border the road to Verdun, as well as numerous wash basins or fountains [8] which enhance Meuse, a very beautiful region.
		Known by all for the terrible battles of World War 1st, Verdun is a nice city spreading along the Meuse [9].
		All around Verdun, sorrow and deep emotion : battle fields furrowed [16] by bombs (Les Eparges), cemeteries, memorials, forts or ruined fortifications (Vaux), totally destroyed villages (Fleury sous Douaumont), Trench of the Baïonnettes, Cote 304, Le Mort-Homme, Montfaucon, Argonne, Haute-Chevauchee, Chemin des Dames, Voie Sacree, Douaumont.
	www.francerama.com /escapades/vauquois_verdun/en/index.htm (996 words)

	Provinces of Alsace and Lorraine
		From 1940 to 1945 the area was again controlled by Germany; it was returned to France in 1945.
		METZ, NANCY, VERDUN, Thionville, and Toul are route centers and fortress cities defending gaps in the ridges.
		The battle for Verdun was one of the bloodiest of World War I. Nancy (1990 pop., 102,410), the traditional capital and university center of Lorraine, is located on the Rhine-Marne canal, which follows the routeway from Paris to Strasbourg.
	www.discoverfrance.net /France/Provinces/Alsace-Lorraine.shtml (595 words)

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