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Topic: Verification principle

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	What is the principle of verification?
		The principle of verification relies on the analysis of the sentences given and extract the analytic and synthetic propositions that underlie the sentences that would be verified.
		Verification would be the derivation of ways of observing experiences in the empirical world that would corroborate the synthetic propositions entailed in the sentence.
		Strong verification would be propositions that were evidently true or false, either by direct confirmation by the senses or by analytical, 'a priori' propositions that depended upon the laws of logic.
	web.ukonline.co.uk /mike.green/Ayer.htm (950 words)

	Theology Today - Vol 17, No. 1 - April 1960 - ARTICLE - Theology and Verification
		To this extent verification is a psychological notion.
		Verification is often construed as the verification of a prediction.
		What we rightly seek, when we desire the verification of a factual proposition, is not a demonstration of the logical impossibility of the proposition being false (for this would be a self-contradictory demand), but such weight of evidence as suffices, in the type of case in question, to exclude rational doubt.
	theologytoday.ptsem.edu /apr1960/v17-1-article2.htm (7120 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		It discusses the uses and applications of the verification principle as an instrument of linguistic analysis.
		However, this philosophical position may be susceptible to the criticism that if the principle of verifiability is itself a basic principle of knowledge, then the assertion that the purpose of philosophy is not to define basic principles of knowledge is self-contradictory.
		Ayer carefully explains that the verification principle is a criterion of the meaningfulness of propositions and that it itself is not an empirical proposition.
	www.angelfire.com /md2/timewarp/ayer.html (1480 words)

	Does Your Design Meet Its Specs? Introduction to Hardware Design Verification > Verification Methodology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Verification code often demands a language of its own, because the code is usually of a higher level and does not have to conform to strict coding style guidelines like design code.
		During simulation-based verification, the design is placed under a test bench, input stimuli are applied to the test bench, and output from the design is compared with reference output.
		The formal method-based verification methodology differs from the simulation-based methodology in that it does not require the generation of test vectors; otherwise, it is similar.
	www.informit.com /articles/article.asp?p=392278&seqNum=3 (3077 words)

	The Problem of Evil
		The principle has been reduced to the slogan: The meaning of a proposition is the method of its verification; but this is a bit misleading.
		A moral principle, like the utilitarian principle that a man ought to act so as to maximize happiness, does not seem to be either a logically necessary or logically impossible proposition [3].
		He amends the verification principle to the "use principle": the meaning of any statement is given by the way in which it is used.
	www.colchsfc.ac.uk /re/Rs2000VeriFals.htm (5884 words)

	Justin Woods: Essay 3
		The verification principle states that such expressions are not significant, and therefore nonsensical and meaningless.
		Nevertheless, the verification principle demands that an empirical hypothesis be testable, in principle or practice.
		Therefore, the phenomenology of the verification principle is incompatible with Ayer's empiricism.
	www.shef.ac.uk /uni/projects/ptpdlp/essays/woods3.html (4331 words)

	Carl Hempel and A. J. Ayer
		We must understand that according to the accepted criteria of the verification theory of meaning, an observation statement asserts something that is in principle ascertainable by direct observation.
		In order for this to occur, for there to be a complete verification in principle, a sentence has empirical meaning if and only if it is not analytic and follows logically from some finite and logically consistent class of observation sentences.
		This means that the verification theory of meaning rules out all sentences of universal form and therefore all statements that express general laws.
	www.geocities.com /~n4bz/gsr11/gsr1105.htm (1542 words)

	CHAPTER XIV
		Verification and falsification appear to be two different sides of the coin, but this is not true.
		Verification is personal, relative to certain subjects over others, related to conditional predictions about events in the future, and has relevance to the issue of God existing.
		If the validity of the verification principle is admitted as a universal criteria, it might be more useful, but if the principle is questioned, circumscribed in its use, then Hick's application of it may not be that important.
	www.emporia.edu /socsci/philos/chp14.htm (6269 words)

	TNI Nuclear Abolition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Verification is the core of disarmament and non-proliferation measures.
		In accord-ance with Principles 5 and 6, adequate facilites, equipment and means as well as qualified manpower should be made avail-able in the framework of appropriate qual-ity assurance programmes (Principle 7).
		This regional-global linkage in verification of DD is essential to assure verification with a high level of confidence in the region and the world.
	www.tni.org /nukes-docs/hammad.htm (2820 words)

	PA146
		The effect of applying the verification principle, the positivists concluded, would be the dismissal of all metaphysical claims (including theology) and all ethical claims as non-sense from a scientific standpoint.
		This reply to the verification principle, used as a weapon against religious language and the intelligibility of Christianity in particular, reveals that verificationism was nothing but a rationalization of religious prejudice.
		Thus the verification principle did not in the end prove friendly to those advocating it since it ruled out expressions and generalizations they would have wanted to retain as meaningful.
	www.cmfnow.com /articles/pa146.htm (5248 words)

	Victoria HACCP
		Each of these principles must be backed by sound scientific knowledge: for example, published microbiological studies on time and temperature factors for controlling foodborne pathogens.
		Verification is defined as those activities, other than monitoring, that determine the validity of the HACCP plan and that the system is operating according to the plan.
		Another important aspect of verification is the initial validation of the HACCP plan to determine that the plan is scientifically and technically sound, that all hazards have been identified and that if the HACCP plan is properly implemented these hazards will be effectively controlled.
	www.victoriapacking.com /haccpinfo.html (8562 words)

	Does Your Design Meet Its Specs? Introduction to Hardware Design Verification > What Is Design Verification? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		If the verification engineer follows the same design style as the design engineer, both would commit the same errors and not much would be verified.
		However, a verification engineer must verify the design under all cases, and there are an infinite number of cases (or so it seems).
		Note that equivalence checking is two-way verification, but this is a one-way verification because a specification may not satisfy an unspecified feature in the implementation.
	www.informit.com /articles/article.asp?p=392278 (1035 words)

	C.S. Peirce's Pragmatism [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		It is this use of the pragmatic maxim as a filter against empty metaphysical statements that ultimately leads to a comparison between Peirce’s maxim and the verification principles of the logical positivists.
		A general difficulty for the verification principle is how to formulate it in a way that ensures the right kind of sentences count as meaningful.
		Traditional criticisms of the verification principle include the thought that in some of its formulations, it is too austere.
	www.iep.utm.edu /p/PeircePr.htm (5436 words)

	"God" is Meaningless (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The principle of verification holds that the meaning of a statement is constituted by its verification conditions.
		A corollary of the principle of verification is that if a statement has no verification conditions, if there are no empirical observations that would establish it as true, then it has no meaning, it is nonsensical.
		The main problem with the principle of verification is that it is self-refuting.
	www.philosophyofreligion.info /godismeaningless.html (862 words)

	Responses to Stroud (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The moral of Stroud's discussion is that if Carnap's argument against the skeptic needs to rely on the highly contentious principle of verifiability, then we should wonder what we are more certain about--the principle of verification or the truth of skepticism.
		Carnap's argument arises from the internal/external distinction, I have claimed, not from the principle of verification.
		In this posited future it is not possible (even in principle) to have evidence that settles the dispute.
	www-csli.stanford.edu /~weisberg/Carnap2/node8.html (850 words)

	Ethics for AS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		In the set text, Ayer is seeking to show that religious statements are meaningless: It is now generally admitted, at any rate by philosophers, that the existence of a being having the attributes which define the god of any non-animistic religion cannot be demonstrably proved.
		Verification (as generally understood) does not demand total proof (the logical impossibility of it being false); but such weight of evidence as suffices, in the type of case in question, to exclude rational doubt.(p 58)
		Braithwaite modifies the verification principle to allow use as well as verifiability to be a criterion for meaning.
	homepage.ntlworld.com /elandtim/college/Rs2000VeriFals.htm (6047 words)

	A Model HACCP Plan for Small-Scale, Fresh-Squeezed (Not Pasteurized) Citrus Juice Operations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The seven principles of HACCP and stepped sequence for implementation are presented in Table 2.
		While it is not possible to use microbial data to stop a process on the spot or to bring a CCP under control, microbial testing is used to set/maintain acceptance standards or tolerances on raw materials and ingredients in hazard analysis.
		Verification should be on a well-defined and established frequency (at least semi-annually).
	edis.ifas.ufl.edu /FS075 (6961 words)

	Applying HACCP Principles
		Verification means the methods, procedures, and tests used to document compliance with the HACCP program.
		Most importantly, verification confirms that all hazards were properly controlled at the time the HACCP system was put in place and that modifications were made as necessary to the plan to keep it relevant.
		Verification must also be conducted anytime there are changes to your menu items or new ingredients are added.
	www.modernfoodsafety.com /applying_haccp_principles.htm (9401 words)

	Touchstone Archives: Escape from Vienna (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The second principle of Logical Positivism is the principle of verification, or, as Carnap later called it, the principle of confirmation.
		That is to say, while recourse to a principle of intersubjectivity may be a valid restriction to be placed on scientific pursuit, it is not a restriction either self-evident or weighted with the authority of a theorem.
		Thus, to conclude this first consideration, neither the principle of intersubjectivity nor the principle of verification is sufficiently self-evident to be regarded as an epistemological principle.
	www.touchstonemag.com /archives/article.php?id=14-07-028-f (4690 words)

	The Limits of Knowledge
		The effect of the principle was to propose that an intellectual pursuit only be treated as valuable if it could result in knowledge, and that real knowledge can only result from empirical verification.
		Those who accepted the verification principle, which was designed to show that science is meaningful in ways in which other fields could never be, were about to discover that there are regions of science which are in the same metaphysical boat.
		Thus, there are situations where it is in principle impossible to predict a result, even if you were to know the initial conditions with the accuracy of the best instruments imaginable and even if the equations of behavior were perfectly known.
	homepage.mac.com /billtomlinson/LOK.html (6808 words)

	bluejoh:: the dungeon has... - Philosophy of Language - Verificationism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Verification Principle was used by a group of scientists and philosophers known as the Vienna Circle who wanted an account of what constitutes meaningfulness in...
		The Verification Principle was used by a group of scientists and philosophers known as the Vienna Circle who wanted an account of what constitutes meaningfulness in order to avoid ‘meaningless’ philosophical talk.
		Another criticism raised against the Verification Principle is that ‘the principle itself falls into neither of the categories of significant propositions which it is used to demarcate.
	www.bluejoh.com /dungeon/archives/000432.php (2160 words)

	MainFrame: The Philosophy of Rudolf Carnap
		The rejection of metaphysics using the analytic/synthetic dichotomy and the verification principle.
		The principle of tolerance leads to linguistic pluralism and to the need for planning how a number of languages can be fitted together yielding a system fulfilling given desiderata.
		As his empiricism was liberalised by the dilution of the verification principle, Carnap attempted to make his treatment of other minds more credible by shifting from an assertion of the definability psychological concepts in terms of physical ones to one of reducibility.
	www.rbjones.com /rbjpub/philos/history/rcp002.htm (1601 words)

	"God" Is Meaningless
		The principle of verification holds that the meaning of a statement is constituted by its verification conditions.
		A corollary of the principle of verification is that if a statement has no verification conditions, if there are no empirical observations that would establish it as true, then it has no meaning, it is nonsensical.
		The main problem with the principle of verification is that it is self-refuting.
	www.spiritofchennai.com /religion/re/godismeaningless.htm (851 words)

	Does Your Design Meet Its Specs? Introduction to Hardware Design Verification > The Basic Verification Principle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Obviously, if verification engineers go through the exact same procedures as the design engineers, both the design and verification engineers are likely to arrive at the same conclusions, avoiding and committing the same errors.
		The reason for considering the test patterns and the reference output as implementation results from the verification path is that, during the process of determining the reference output from the test patterns, the verification engineer transforms the test patterns based on the specifications into the reference output, and this process is an implementation process.
		The principle behind simulation-based verification is illustrated in Figure 1.3 (C).
	www.phptr.com /articles/article.asp?p=392278&seqNum=2 (1310 words)

	VerifObj
		Thus, the question of verifiability and verification conditions is conceptually posterior to knowing what the sentence means; it seems we have to know what a sentence means in order to know how to verify it.
		Any version of the Verification principle must presuppose an "observation language" in which experiences are described; hence it must countenance a firm distinction between "observational" and (correlatively) "theoretical" terms.
		But a particular "verification condition" is associated with a given sentence only if we choose to rely on such assumptions, almost any of which may fail.
	www.unc.edu /~ujanel/VerifObjs2.htm (1950 words)

	Food Safety--University of Nebraska Cooperative Extension (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Introduction to the Principles of HACCP (Chinese, 15:17)
		Introduction to the Principles of HACCP (Korean, 15:17)
		Introduction to the Principles of HACCP (Vietnamese, 15:17)
	foodsafety.unl.edu /html/haccpvideo.html (233 words)

	PowerPoint Presentation
		A comprehensive verification is independent of other verification procedures and must be performed to ensure that the HACCP plan is resulting in the control of the hazards.
		Verification activities are carried out by individuals within a company, third party experts, and regulatory agencies.
		It is important that individuals doing verification have appropriate technical expertise to perform this function.
	chppm-www.apgea.army.mil /food/certcoursepresentation2_files/slide0259.htm (234 words)

	Challenge Inspections, National papers.
		Their inclusion is not only important for the completeness of the verification regime within the Chemical Weapons Convention, but has taken a wider role during discussions, for example, of an additional Protocol to the Biological Weapons Convention in Geneva.
		In particular, I wish to draw your attention to Verification Principle Fourteen, which I will read in its entirety: “Requests for inspections or information in accordance with the provisions of an arms limitation and disarmament agreement should be considered as a normal component of the verification process.
		The very fact that the verification regime of the Convention has been able to achieve all its objectives without feeling the necessity of even a single challenge inspection during the initial critical period of its existence, is itself manifestation of the exceptional and special environments which would warrant initiation of challenge inspection.
	www.opcw.org /synthesis/html/s1/chinsp.html (11070 words)

	Verification
		Since we cannot in reality do without these - as they include such fields as ethics and art - we may question whether the verification principle is of any use.
		Further criticisms were added by Karl Popper who argued that it was not only the fact that a statement was verifiable which gave it meaning, it was also whether it was falsifiable.
		One of the central theses of the book is that for a sentence to be meaningful it must be - at least in principle - empirically verifiable.
	www.philosophyonline.co.uk /pages/verif.htm (560 words)

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