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| | Puccini: Madama Butterfly (Site not responding. Last check: ) |
 | | Verismo in Italy originated in Milan in the 1870s, when the Sicilian critic and writer Luigi Capuana published the novel Giacinta, generally regarded as the "manifesto" of Italian verismo. |
 | | The most important and influential exponent of the verismo school was Giovanni Verga, whose novel and plays show analogies with the naturalism of the French authors Emil Zola whose novel Germinal portrayed a coal-mining community living in terrible housing, working under shocking conditions, and a major pit accident and rescue, and Guy de Maupassant. |
 | | The landmark veristic opera is Mascagni's Cavelleria rusticana (1890), based on a short story by Verga set in contemporary times in mountain village in Sicily, portraying peasant workers, carriers, and local poeple, retribution and murder.The veristic operas that followed, such as Leoncavallo's Pagliacci (1892),...and Puccini's Il tabarro (1918), have certain traits in common. |
| www.columbia.edu /itc/music/NYCO/butterfly/verismo.html (383 words) |
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