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| | Stevens: "Vermin", 1894. |
 | | The liability of owners for damage to cargo by vermin has been the subject of frequent litigation; some charter parties include the words "damage by vermin excepted." When damage does occur, masters are always careful to "protest" against vermin, as early as possible after arrival. |
 | | The course usually adopted for the total destruction of vermin, is to stop every crevice, and smoke the ship with a fire of charcoal in the hold, or with sulphur, or mercury, &c. |
 | | Some owners contend that the best and least dangerous way to destroy vermin is to clear out everything during a very hard frost, open all the hatchways and entrances, remove the vent-boards in the hold, the limber boards, &c. |
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