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Topic: Versailles Peace Conference

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	Why We Go to War - Woodrow Wilson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		This strategic advantage to Wilson in the coming peace negotiations was offset by the congressional elections in November 1918 whereby his party lost control of the Senate and his adversaries gained control of the important Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
		Wilson was determined to go himself to the peace conference at Paris and to lead the battle for the principles he had been advocating.
		The strain of the conference had told upon the president's physical and nervous strength, and he was not well equipped to carry on the contest with his opponents in the Senate that was to develop upon his presentation of the treaty.
	faculty.virginia.edu /setear/courses/howweget/wilson.htm (3017 words)

	The Treaty of Versailles and its Consequences
		Henig argues that “the peace conference was held at a time of unprecedented political, social, economic and ideological upheaval.
		The Versailles Treaty did little to shape any sort of long-term peace from the results of World War I. Instead, the treaty, hastily put together, was vague, exposed the Allies’ inability to cooperate toward an agreement, and fueled German nationalism from resentment over her treatment by the Allies in the treaty.
		The Treaty presented to the German delegates at Versailles was a harsh break from the promise of a treaty based on Wilson’s “Fourteen Points.” The Germans felt betrayed by the treaty presented to them and resented the manner in which the Allied Powers were treating them.
	www.jimmyatkinson.com /papers/versaillestreaty.html (2586 words)

	Civ 20th Century Timeline- 1910-1920
		The conference was dictated by the leaders known as the "Big Four": David George of Britain, Vittorio Orlando of Italy, Georges Clemenceau of France, and Woodrow Wilson of the United States.
		It was at this conference that the Treaty of Versailles was signed officially ending World War I. Other outcomes of the conference, besides the Treaty of Versailles, were The Treaty of Saint- Germain, The Covenant of the League of Nations, and The Treaty of Neuilly.
		The Treaty of Versailles was rejected and criticized by the Germans, who argued that it violated the beliefs of the Fourteen Points and that their economy would greatly suffer as a result of it.
	www.linsly.org /civ/1910.htm (1832 words)

	Treaty of Versailles - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Versailles, Treaty of, peace treaty signed at the end of World War I between Germany and the Allies.
		Adolf Hitler, denouncement of the Treaty of Versailles
		On January 18, 1919, Wilson addressed the opening session of the peace conference in Paris, urging it to create a permanent agency to ensure justice...
	encarta.msn.com /Treaty_of_Versailles.html (192 words)

	Viet Nam Chronology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Attended the Versailles Peace Conference in 1919 seeking an audience with any of the Allied leaders to press for independence of his country.
		Peace talks between the North Viet Namese and the United States begin in Paris on 25 January.
		Peace accords are signed by Henry Kissinger, US negotiator, and Le Duc Tho, North Viet Namese negotiator, in Paris.
	fp.uni.edu /prahl/viet_nam.htm (1978 words)

	::The Treaty of Versailles::
		The Treaty of Versailles was the peace settlement signed after World War One had ended in 1918 and in the shadow of the Russian Revolution and other events in Russia.
		The Versailles Palace was considered the most appropriate venue simply because of its size - many hundreds of people were involved in the process and the final signing ceremony in the Hall of Mirrors could accommodate hundreds of dignitaries.
		Austria-Hungary had to sign two peace settlements, indicative of the fact that this state was shortly to be divided into two.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /treaty_of_versailles.htm (2775 words)

	First World War.com - Primary Documents - Treaty of Versailles, 28 June 1919
		Controversial even today, it is often argued that the punitive terms of the treaty supported the rise of the Nazis and the Third Reich in 1930s Germany, which in turn led to the outbreak of World War II.
		The Versailles treaty deprived Germany of around 13.5% of its 1914 territory (some seven million people) and all of its overseas possessions.
		Alsace-Lorraine was returned to France, and Belgium was enlarged in the east with the addition of the formerly German border areas of Eupen and Malmedy.
	www.firstworldwar.com /source/versailles.htm (358 words)

	Ludwig Quidde - Nobel Lecture
		So long as peace is not attained by law (so argue the advocates of armaments) the military protection of a country must not be undermined, and until such is the case disarmament is impossible.
		The great significance of the first Hague Conference lies in the fact that, for the first time in the history of mankind, the representatives of all the states of the civilized world united to create an organization whose purpose was the maintenance of universal peace and the settlement of international disputes.
		As president of the Interparliamentary Conference of Brussels in 1895, he was charged with recommending to the various states the plan for a convention on an international arbitration court which the Conference had just adopted.
	nobelprize.org /nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1927/quidde-lecture.html (7008 words)

	Paris Peace Conference - Picture - MSN Encarta
		Paris Peace Conference - Picture - MSN Encarta
		Leaders from the United States, Britain, France, and Italy met at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 and drafted the Treaty of Versailles.
		Representatives at the conference included, left to right, British prime minister Lloyd George, Italian foreign minister Giorgio Sonnino, French premier Georges Clemenceau, and U.S. president Woodrow Wilson.
	encarta.msn.com /media_461538752/Paris_Peace_Conference.html (122 words)

	history18brussianrevolution
		Versailles Peace Conference: This assembly was organized to draft the controversial Treaty of Versailles in 1919 that ended World war One.
		In addition to their opposition of the Treaty of Versailles, these politicians also opposed the creation of, or the U.S. involvement in, the League of Nations and World Court, both institutions of which were strongly advocated by Woodrow Wilson.
		Incorporating the Treaty of Versailles and other peace agreements in the League’s “Covenant,” this organization created a world court for the purpose of settling international disputes with the hope of avoiding another world war.
	home.att.net /~history240/history18bworlddepression.html (3236 words)

	A Century of Nobel Peace Prize Laureates, 1901-2005
		Henri-Marie La Fontaine was a Belgian lawyer and politician and played an important role in the international peace movement before and after World War I. He received a legal education and served as a Socialist Senator for Hainaut, Liege, and Brabant between 1895 and 1936.
		He served as the President of the International Peace Bureau from 1907 to 1943 and received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1913.
		La Fontaine was a member of the Belgian delegation to the Versailles Peace Conference in 1919 and became a leader in the League of Nations.
	www.indiana.edu /~nobel/peace.php?lid=9 (479 words)

	Rought Draft Paper: Wilson's WWI Recovery Plan
		First Wilson decided that he, as President, was going to lead the American delegation at the peace conference.
		The other countries in the Versailles peace treaty had to almost be forced.
		The main reason for the failure of Wilson's plan is that the US outlined this plan which the US whose soil hadn't been directly touched by the war suffered much, while other countries that actually had the war fought on their lands and had much damage.
	www.ricocheting.com /school/Wilsons.WWI.Recovery.Plan.html (1460 words)

	John Maynard Keynes...:::...CAREER
		At this latter endeavor Keynes' “nerve and mastery became legendary,” in the words of Robert Lekachman, as in the case where he managed to put together—with difficulty—a small supply of Spanish pesetas and sold them all to break the market: it worked, and pesetas became much less scarce and expensive.
		These accomplishments led eventually to the appointment that would have a huge effect on Keynes' life and career: financial representative for the Treasury to the 1919 Paris Peace Conference.
		He argued that the reparations which Germany was forced to pay to the victors in the war were too large, would lead to the ruin of the German economy and result in further conflict in Europe.
	myweb.usf.edu /~vgamarra/career2.html (806 words)

	Paris Peace Conference
		The Paris Peace Conference and the Treaty of Versailles: The Remaking of Europe in 1919
		In January 1919, diplomats gathered at the château of Versailles near Paris to negotiate a peace treaty to end the Great War.
		By the time work began, it was clear that the pre-war world map required drastic revision.
	www.nvcc.edu /home/cevans/Versailles/Index.html (99 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Chronicles \| A cold shoulder for 'the tiger' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In the second, when he chaired the Peace Conference in Paris at the end of World War I, he became known as "the father of victory." Egyptians were familiar with the first epithet but they refused to recognise the second.
		When, on 6 May, the Peace Conference announced its recognition of the British protectorate over Egypt and forced Germany to ratify this recognition, the attitude of the Wafd towards Clemenceau changed radically.
		In its session of 4 September 1919, he denounced the peace conference's refusal to hear the Egyptian delegation and cautioned against the consequences of that error.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /1999/436/chrncls.htm (2579 words)

	Keynes, The Economic Consequences of the Peace ToC: The Online Library of Liberty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		It was the task of the Peace Conference to honor engagements and to satisfy justice; but not less to re-establish life and to heal wounds.
		It was commonly believed at the commencement of the Paris Conference that the President had thought out, with the aid of a large body of advisers, a comprehensive scheme not only for the League of Nations, but for the embodiment of the Fourteen Points in an actual Treaty of Peace.
		The German observations on the draft Treaty of Peace were largely a comparison between the terms of this understanding, on the basis of which the German nation had agreed to lay down its arms, and the actual provisions of the document offered them for signature thereafter.
	oll.libertyfund.org /Home3/HTML.php?recordID=0550 (15636 words)

	General Resources
		Another source for Versailles is United States Department of State, Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, The Paris Peace Conference, 1919, 13 volumes (Washington, 1942-7).
		Marks sees the illusory peace of the Locarno era as ending with the French evacuation of the Rhineland in 1930, the Depression, and the subsequent rise of Hitler in Germany.
		Alan Sharp, The Versailles Settlement: Peacemaking in Paris, 1919 (New York, 1991) discusses the Paris Peace Conference in detail, including the creation of the League of Nations and how the various treaties were concluded.
	www.albany.edu /~mw4879/644/interwar644.html (3615 words)

	Treaty of Versailles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Treaty of Versailles of 1919 is the peace treaty created as a result of six months of negotiations at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919 which put an official end to World War I between the Allies and Central Powers.
		As a result, the US never joined the League of Nations and later negotiated a separate Peace Treaty with Germany: the Treaty of Berlin of 1921 which confirmed the reparation payments and other provisions of the Treaty of Versailles but explicitly excluded all articles related to the League of Nations.
		The Treaty of Versailles did cripple Germany's economy in the early 1920's and left it vulnerable to the equally devastating Great Depression of the early 1930's, which in turn paved the way for the Nazis, led by Adolf Hitler, to seize power.
	treaty-of-versailles.iqnaut.net (2113 words)

	British Rule in Palestine Updated
		Versailles Peace Conference decides that the conquered Arab provinces will not be restored to Ottoman rule.
		The San Remo Conference awards administration of the former Turkish territories of Syria and Lebanon to France, and Palestine, Transjordan, and Mesopotamia (Iraq) to Britain:.
		The first conference of the General Zionist movement is held in Jerusalem.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/History/brits.html (1972 words)

	the salon of peace at versailles - 3rd hairsalon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		… Since the Versailles peace, leadership in the International as well as in … it was revealed in passing that Blum frequented the arch bourgeois salon, …
		… the Versailles Peace settlement--calling it shameful and a "dictated peace.
		… Towards the end of 1756 he was summoned to Versailles to paint the two … in the Salon of 1861 with War and Peace, after nine years of rejection.
	hairsalon.gonazene.info /dir19/the-salon-of-peace-at-versailles.html (608 words)

	A Century of Nobel Peace Prize Laureates, 1901-2005
		Bourgeois led the French delegation to The Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 and formulated the agreement on Moroccan independence at the Algeciras Conference in 1906.
		Bourgeois represented France on the League of Nations Commission at the Versailles Peace Conference in 1919.
		Bourgeois received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1920 and died near Épernay, France on September 29, 1925.
	www.indiana.edu /~nobel/league.php?lid=11 (459 words)

	Treaty_Versailles
		In 1919 the leaders of the Allies met at the Palace of Versailles to decide on the peace settlement after the Great War.
		In the treaty France and Britain had agreed that Italy would be given the Adriatic coast at the end of the war.
		Germany had not been allowed to the Peace Conference and were told to accept the terms or else.
	powayusd.sdcoe.k12.ca.us /online/usonline/worddoc/treatyversailles.htm (1188 words)

	U.S. Senate: Reference Home > The Senate and the League of Nations
		The Treaty of Versailles officially ended military actions against Germany in World War I and created the League of Nations, an international organization designed to preserve peace.
		President Woodrow Wilson, who led the U.S. delegation to the Paris Peace Conference in 1919, was a principal architect of the League.
		Senator Lodge, chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee and de facto majority leader, was troubled by the peace treaty, taking particular exception to Article Ten of the League Covenant, which he and others felt required all League members to come to the aid of any member state under attack.
	www.senate.gov /reference/reference_item/Versailles.htm (596 words)

	Kosovo and Metohija (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Under the Peace Treaty concluded in Berlin in 1878, Serbia had committed herself to protect the religious minorities within its territories (14); this was amended only in 1919 under the terms of the Peace Treaty signed at Saint Germains constituting part of the Versailles Peace Treaties.
		A conference that took place in the village of Buyan in Albania from 31 December 1943 to 2 January 1944 was later the cause of considerable controversy.
		A this conference delegates of the Albanian and Yugoslav communists invited the ethnic Albanians of Kosovo to join in the struggle against fascism with the hope that the victory of the communists would open the way to unification with Albania.
	www.decani.org /simic.html (6989 words)

	Paris Peace Conference
		The Conference Commission requests your immediate presence in Paris as a delegate to the Paris Peace Conference.
		As Chairman of the Peace Conference, I assure you that your task will be difficult, but of supreme importance to the future of Europe and the world.
		Although Germany and Russia were not present as participants during the conference, it is effective to have students research their opinions of the peace terms and participate in the treaty making process.
	score.rims.k12.ca.us /activity/paris_peace_conference/index.html (2372 words)

	League of Nations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The league and its covenant were the ultimate expression of that vision, and President Wilson submitted the treaty to the Senate confident that he could persuade enough of its members to vote for ratification.
		Although the treaty was ultimately rejected (precluding American participation in the league), the political fight that surrounded the Versailles Treaty proved to be one of the most important episodes of the interwar period.
		Wilson's opponents in the Senate were led by Henry Cabot Lodge of Massachusetts, a dyed-in-the-wool Republican patrician who opposed the Versailles Treaty on the grounds that it amounted to a cession of American sovereignty.
	www.nps.gov /elro/glossary/league-of-nations.htm (684 words)

	Signing the Treaty of Versailles, 1919 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Paris Peace Conference began on January 18, 1919, with 21 nations in attendance.
		France sought a peace treaty that would assure that her homeland would never again be invaded by her German neighbor.
		Harold Nicolson's account appears in: Nicolson, Harold, Peacemaking, 1919 (1933); Elcock, Howard, Portrait of a Decision: The Council of Four and the Treaty of Versailles (1972); Goldberg, George, The Peace to End Peace; the Paris Peace Conference of 1919 (1969).
	www.eyewitnesstohistory.com /versailles.htm (1096 words)

	Versailles Treaty
		The Paris Peace Conference opened on 12th January 1919, meetings were held at various locations in and around Paris until 20th January, 1920.
		The same forces that have been at work in the making of this peace would be at work to hinder the enforcement of a different kind of peace, and no one can say with certitude that anything better than has been done could be done at this time.
		The fundamental falsehood on which the Versailles Treaty is built is the theory that Germany was solely and entirely responsible for the war.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /FWWversailles.htm (2835 words)

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