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Topic: Vertebral vein

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portal vein

pulmonary vein

Varicose veins

jugular vein

umbilical vein

deep vein thrombosis

femoral vein

splenic vein

subclavian vein

hepatic veins

Great saphenous vein

brachiocephalic vein

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	Veins (Anatomy) - LoveToKnow 1911
		The frontal vein on the forehead passes down on the inner side of the eyelids, where it is known as the angular, and then becomes the facial vein, which runs down to an inch in front of the angle of the jaw, whence it passes into the neck to join the common facial.
		The chief tributaries of the innominate veins are the vertebral, the internal mammary and the inferior thyroid.
		In the Dipnoi (mud-fish) a pulmonary vein from the lung-like swim-bladder is formed and an inferior vena cava or postcaval vein carries the blood from the kidneys to the heart.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Veins_(Anatomy) (4017 words)

	VII. The Veins. 3b. 2. The Veins of the Neck. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body.
		It commences in the substance of the parotid gland, on a level with the angle of the mandible, and runs perpendicularly down the neck, in the direction of a line drawn from the angle of the mandible to the middle of the clavicle at the posterior border of the Sternocleidomastoideus.
		At the root of the neck the right internal jugular vein is placed at a little distance from the common carotid artery, and crosses the first part of the subclavian artery, while the left internal jugular vein usually overlaps the common carotid artery.
		The Anterior Vertebral Vein commences in a plexus around the transverse processes of the upper cervical vertebræ, descends in company with the ascending cervical artery between the Scalenus anterior and Longus capitis muscles, and opens into the terminal part of the vertebral vein.
	www.bartleby.com /107/168.html (1253 words)

	VII. The Veins. 3c. The Veins of the Upper Extremity and Thorax. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body.
		The Veins of the Upper Extremity and Thorax.
		The deep veins of the forearm are the venæ comitantes of the radial and ulnar veins and constitute respectively the upward continuations of the deep and superficial volar venous arches; they unite in front of the elbow to form the brachial veins.
		The subclavian vein occasionally rises in the neck to a level with the third part of the subclavian artery, and occasionally passes with this vessel behind the Scalenus anterior.
	www.bartleby.com /107/172.html (3198 words)

	Chapter 40: Muscles, vessels, nerves and joints of the back
		The vertebral artery is one of the main vessels to the brain.
		The joints of the vertebral column are (1) those between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae (intervertebral discs), (2) those of the vertebral arches (between articular processes), (3) the atlanto-occipital and atlanto-axial joints, (4) the costovertebral joints, and (5) the sacro-iliac joint.
		The vertebral arches are connected by ligaments, particularly strong in the lumbar region, e.g., the ligamenta flava between the laminae.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~humananatomy/part_7/chapter_40.html (3790 words)

	Topographic Anatomy of the Vertebral Venous System in the Thoracic Inlet -- Ibukuro et al. 176 (4): 1059 -- American ...
		Anastomosis (arrowheads) between bilateral longitudinal prevertebral veins and anastomoses (long thick arrows) between longitudinal prevertebral and vertebral veins (V) are identified.
		Although vertebral vein usually ends at upper portion of brachiocephalic vein, right vertebral vein ends at lower portion of right brachiocephalic vein in this particular patient, which is why right vertebral vein resembles right paratracheal node.
		Transverse contrast-enhanced delayed phase CT scans shows that right vertebral vein (arrows) is accompanied by vertebral artery (arrowhead, A) on upper axial image (C) and drains into posterior aspect of right brachiocephalic vein (asterisk, D) on lower axial image (D).
	www.ajronline.org /cgi/content/figsonly/176/4/1059 (1617 words)

	Anterior Triangle of the Neck
		Vertebral canal (continuous with the foramen magnum at the base of the skull).
		This vertebral is also called an atypical vertebra because it has an upward projection called the dens that articulates with the inner aspect of the anterior arch of the atlas just posterior to the anterior tubercle.
		After the vertebral artery arises from the subclavian artery, it enters the transverse foramen of the 6th cervical vertebra bypassing the 7th.
	mywebpages.comcast.net /wnor/lesson5.htm (1576 words)

	GE Healthcare - Brochure - Carotid Duplex Imaging
		The two vertebral arteries are equal in size in approximately 25% of the cases; therefore, size asymmetry is common.
		The vertebral artery is accompanied by a the vertebral vein and proper identification of the artery is made by the Doppler signal.
		Doppler signals are recorded from the proximal, mid, and distal common carotid artery, the origin of the external carotid artery, the proximal, mid, and distal internal carotid artery, the origin of the vertebral artery, and the subclavian artery bilaterally.
	www.gehealthcare.com /usen/ultrasound/products/msucmecd.html (3037 words)

	Gross Anatomy Exam I
		The tubercle of a rib articulates with an articular facet of a vertebra.
		The internal plexus of veins in the spinal column is found in the subarachnoid space.
		Branches from the suprascapular artery anastomose with the circumflex
	www.mc.edu /~sbaldwin/Anatomy_Exam_1.html (1318 words)

	Vertebral Artery Compression Resulting From Head Movement: A Possible Cause of the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome -- ...
		The vertebral artery (arrow) within the transverse foramen of C1 is protected from compression.
		The left vertebral artery (arrow) is compressed by the adjacent nerve (asterisk) and muscle (Mu) against the bone at the lateral margin of C1.
		and (4) the vertebral artery lies exposed on the surface of C1 and not in a groove in the bone as in adults.
	pediatrics.aappublications.org /cgi/content/full/103/2/460 (3384 words)

	Transcatheter Obliteration of Gastric Varices: Part 1. Anatomic Classification -- Kiyosue et al. 23 (4): 911 -- ...
		Type 1 gastric varices are supplied by a single afferent gastric vein, type 2 are supplied by multiple afferent gastric veins, and type 3 are supplied by single or multiple gastric veins with coexistent gastric veins that are directly contiguous with the shunt (arrow) but do not contribute to the varices.
		Type A gastric varices are contiguous with a single shunt alone, type B are contiguous with a single shunt and collateral veins, type C are contiguous with both the gastrorenal and gastrocaval shunts, and type D are not contiguous with a catheterizable shunt.
		On a balloon-occluded venogram of the gastrorenal shunt, the inferior phrenic vein is contiguous with the inferior vena cava.
	radiographics.rsnajnls.org /cgi/content/full/23/4/911 (3901 words)

	Section 7 Chapter 4 Injuries to the Neck
		Although the jugular vein is in the operative field and can be easily harvested, it is better not to interfere with venous outflow in a neck in which the arterial inflow is to undergo repair; in addition, the jugular vein is very thin and difficult to handle.
		Although the vertebral artery is also accessible in the spaces between the transverse processes, there are a number of venous branches in these regions, and it is therefore safer to approach the artery within the confines of the bony foramina.
		At the depth of the vertebral artery, the white, cordlike elements of the brachial plexus are often visible in the superolateral aspect of the wound.
	www.acssurgery.com /acsonline/chapters/ch0704.htm (11212 words)

	Neck
		Thrombosis of the jugular vein from a deep infection of the neck is probably not due to direct infection of the carotid sheath, but rather to the fact that infectious material follows tributaries of the internal jugular vein to reach the sheath.
		Lying lateral to the internal jugular vein and the carotid sheath, the ansa cervicalis forms a loop of nerve fibers whose principal function is to supply motor innervation to the strap muscles (except the thyrohyoid) of the front of the neck.
		The phrenic nerve in the inferolateral corner of the Vertebral triangle on the anterior surface of the subclavian artery.
	iris3.med.tufts.edu /headneck/neck.htm (8906 words)

	Physiology of adult Homo sapiens - Systemic blood and lymph circulation (angiology)
		Like arteries, veins have three coats, an inner, middle, and outer, but the coats are not so thick, and they collapse when the vessel is cut.
		Many veins have valves formed of reduplications of their lining membrane, which prevent the backward flow of blood away from the heart.
		vena jugularis interna / internal jugular vein (randl) : the vein that begins as the superior bulb in the jugular fossa, draining much of the head and neck; it descends with first the internal carotid and then the common carotid artery in the neck, and joins with the subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic vein.
	focosi.altervista.org /circulation.html (13215 words)

	Oncology Nursing Society.
		The cephalic vein joins the axillary vein, exits the arm, and forms the subclavian vein at the level of the lateral surface of the first rib.
		The subclavian vein, which is located superior to the first rib and along the superior margin of the clavicle, meets the internal and external jugular veins of the same side of the body.
		The azygos vein is a major tributary of the superior vena cava and joins it at the level of the second thoracic vertebra (Martini, 1998).
	www.ons.org /publications/journals/ONF/Volume30/Issue4/3004513.asp (3874 words)

	Sonography of the Vertebral Arteries: A Window to Disease of the Proximal Great Vessels -- Horrow and Stassi 177 (1): ...
		Arrows show direction of flow is antegrade in left vertebral artery and retrograde in right vertebral artery, which then supplies subclavian artery and collateral antegrade flow to right common carotid artery.
		Flow in right vertebral artery is antegrade but diminished (small arrow) compared with normal antegrade flow in left vertebral artery (large arrow).
		Evaluation of the vertebral arteries with duplex sonography.
	www.ajronline.org /cgi/content/full/177/1/53 (1888 words)

	CancerNetwork:
		Most patients have metastatic tumors involving the vertebral body and one or two of the pedicles; their lamina and spinous processes are often not involved by cancer.
		Dodds PR, Caride VJ, Lytton B: The role of vertebral veins in the dissemination of prostatic carcinoma.
		Although Batson’s plexus may be the conduit through which carcinoma cells gain access to the vertebral column, I hold to the somewhat simplistic theory that tumor expression in the spinal column is based on the availability of vertebral bone marrow.
	www.cancernetwork.com /journals/oncology/o0107a.htm (9829 words)

	Extrajugular pathways of human cerebral venous blood drainage assessed by duplex ultrasound -- Schreiber et al. 94 (5): ...
		Right and left vertebral vein (VV) at rest, during bilateral jugular vein compression (comp 1), and during circular neck compression (comp 2) are shown.
		The physiologic significance of the vertebral venous plexus.
		Blood flow velocities in the vertebral veins of healthy subjects: a duplex sonographic study.
	jap.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/94/5/1802 (2475 words)

	Target PG.... Anatomy Veins High Yield Points, Notes
		Anterior temporal (parietal) diploic vein, (frontal bone) pierces the greater wing of the sphenoid -sphenoparietal sinus or anterior deep temporal vein
		Occipital diploic vein, the largest, (occipital bone) -occipital veins or the transverse sinus near the confluence of sinuses or into an occipital emissary vein.
		Pons - lateral vein- with upper medullary veins- petrosal sinuses, transverse sinus, cerebellar veins or the venous plexus of the (sphenoidal) foramen ovale.
	www.nellaimedicos.com /subjects/anat02veins.php (1251 words)

	ICP monitors
		The internal cerebral veins are grouped with the ventricular veins and the basal vein of Rosenthal with the cisternal veins because of primary drainage territories.)
		The thalamostriate vein is usually the largest; formed by the union of the terminal vein (beneath stria terminalis between thalamus and body of caudate) and the anterior caudate veins that drain the head of the caudate.
		Microsurgical anatomy of the veins of the posterior fossa.
	www.ucsf.edu /nreview/02.3-Anatomy-Vascular/VenousSystem.html (1696 words)

	[No title]
		The vertebral column is composed of a series of 31 separate bones known as vertebrae.
		The intrinsic muscles of the vertebral column lie deep to a number of large muscles which connect the upper limb to the trunk (fig.
		The spinal cord lies within the vertebral canal and is covered by three membranes, known as meninges (fig.
	www.emory.edu /ANATOMY/AnatomyManual/back.html (2141 words)

	Lateral Pharyngeal and Prevertebral Regions
		When the fingers are gently slid behind the carotid sheath structures (arrows), the internal jugular vein can be reflected freed from the lateral pharyngeal structures.
		When the jugular vein is reflected, you can get a good view of the common carotid and its branches.
		The background for the prevertebral region is the cervical vertebral column.
	mywebpages.comcast.net /wnor/lesson7.htm (592 words)

	eMedicine - Vertebral Artery Atherothrombosis : Article Excerpt by: Mark Eskandari, MD
		For hemodynamic symptoms to occur, significant disease must be present in both of the vertebrals, and compensatory contribution from the anterior circulation via the circle of Willis must be incomplete.
		However, current estimates suggest that up to a third of vertebrobasilar ischemic episodes are caused by distal embolization from plaques or mural lesions of the subclavian, vertebral, and/or basilar arteries.
		The most common disease affecting the vertebral artery is atherosclerosis.
	www.emedicine.com /med/byname/vertebral-artery-atherothrombosis.htm (500 words)

	Metastatic bone disease - Tutorial
		He injected contrast in the dorsal vein of the penis in cadavers and then took radiographs to study the distribution of the contrast agent.
		The vertebral veins system is a longitudinal system that runs from the sacrum to the skull and dural venous sinuses.
		In a monkey model, he demonstrated that cancer cells injected in the dorsal vein of the penis went into the caval system if abdominal compression was applied to the abdomen.
	dev.slackinc.com /aaosdemo/Tutorials/tumors/metastatic/tutorial.cfm (643 words)

	Untitled Document
		The temporal bones, zygomatic arches, occipital bone, mandible, cervical vertebrae, scapula clavicles, manubrium, and hyoid bone form the skeleton of the neck.
		Anteriorly, possesses a facet for articulating with the Dens on the anterior arch
		Mobile, C-Shaped bone lying in the anterior part of the neck at the level of C3 in the angle between the mandible and the thyroid cartilage.
	iris3.med.tufts.edu /headneck/osteo.htm (289 words)

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