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| | Buran |
 | | There was considerable technical risk in realising the vertical landing itself - and considerable operational risk in completing the fast and complex series of operations necessary to achieve the landing. |
 | | They were delivered without orbital systems, engine section, crew cabin, vertical stabiliser, landing gear, and with only 70% of the heat shield tiles. |
 | | Wind tunnel models - 85 wind tunnel models were built in scales for 1:3 to 1:550 to determine the vehicle's aerodynamic coefficients at all velocities, the effectiveness of the aerosurfaces, the moments of inertia, and the interference effects between Buran and the launch vehicle during launch and separation. |
| www.astronautix.com /craft/buran.htm (12123 words) |
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