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Topic: Vertisols

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	FAO/AGL - Problem Soils Database -ProSoil
		Vertisols are dark montmorillonite-rich clays with characteristic shrinking/swelling properties.
		Vertisols are generally found on sedimentary plains, both on level land and in depressions.
		Vertisols are chemically rich and are capable of sustaining continuous cropping.
	www.fao.org /ag/AGL/agll/prosoil/verti.htm (800 words)

	Vertisols and Technologies for their Management, 24 - Elsevier
		Vertisols, one of the eleven established soil orders, are clay soils with unusual and interesting properties.
		Special attention is given to the use and management of soils such as fertilizer use, crop selection, soil tillage, water restriction on land including irrigation, and soil erosion.
		Vertisols have great potential for agricultural production but many, especially in the developing world, are underutilized due to a lack of understanding regarding their behaviour and management.
	www.elsevier.com /wps/find/bookdescription.cws_home/600118/description?navopenmenu=4 (465 words)

	Soil fertility research on some Ethiopian Vertisols
		The most important characteristic of Vertisols is their high water-holding capacity (commonly 60-70%), a consequence of the deep profile and high content of montmorillonitic clay.
		Because of waterlogging, these soils remain unused during part of the rainy season, and many highland crops such as teff, barley, durum wheat, chickpea, lentil, noug and vetch are grown on residual moisture at the end of the rains.
		Response of rainfed field crops to N fertilizer in Vertisols of Ethiopia.
	www.fao.org /Wairdocs/ILRI/x5493E/x5493e0i.htm (1445 words)

	2 Distribution and importance of Ethiopian Vertisols and location of study sites
		Vertisols are characterised by their extensive cracking from the surface to depths of 50 cm or more with seasonal drying and also gilgai microrelief or subsoils showing slicker-sides or spheroid structures as evidence of seasonal expansion and contraction (Probert et al, 1987).
		Vertisols are usually associated with Nitosols, Cambisols, Lithosols, Andosols and Luvisols (Mitiku Haile, 1987).
		Vertisol with a moist chrome of 1.5 or less within the upper 30 cm is grouped as pellic Vertisol; it is called a chromic Vertisol when the moist chrome is greater than 1.5.
	www.fao.org /Wairdocs/ILRI/x5456E/x5456e04.htm (1587 words)

	Baylor University \|\| Geology Graduate Program \|\| Sikiru Amidu
		And because of the expansive nature of Vertisols, detail field and laboratory measurements are required to understand various properties which vary spatially within a few meters or less, and temporally in less than few days.
		Similarly, although recent advances in the use of electrical resistivity methods have led to the development of marine systems and techniques; few case studies are available to test the effectiveness of the method in mapping variations in salinity in lakes and water-supply reservoirs.
		In this study, I propose to: (1) characterize seasonal hydrodynamics of a Texas Vertisol; (2) quantify water use by a cedar elm tree (Ulmus crassifolia) at an upland forest adjacent to Lake Waco Wetlands, and (3) mapping salinity variations in Lake Whitney, Texas, USA, using electrical-resistivity geophysical techniques.
	www.baylor.edu /geology/graduate/index.php?id=26072 (801 words)

	Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
		The soil survey of Tikal is a good example to look at in detail and to generalize from because it is the most detailed (large-scale), comprehensive soil survey ever conducted specifically for soils and archaeological correlations in the Maya areas.
		At Tikal, Mollisols, Vertisols, Inceptisols, Entisols, and various other soils were discovered in the central core of the abandoned Maya city.
		The bajo swamps had Vertisols with soil properties extremely poor for heavy urban constructions.
	www.ciesin.org /docs/002-225/002-225.html (2968 words)

	\|\| ICRISAT \|\| GT-Agroecosystems
		On the whole, by taking bulk density into consideration, we observed that in 22 years in the improved system, carbon sequestered was 7.4 t C ha -1 more than in the conventional system, resulting in a gain of 335 kg C ha -1 y -1.
		Microbial biomass at deeper depths may be metabolically less active as compared to the biomass in top layers because of reduced substrate availability of O2 due to poor aeration under field conditions.
		As all these Vertisols occur in developing countries, they are not fully utilized and their potential for food production is not fully realized.
	www.icrisat.org /gt-aes/ResearchBreifs13.htm (1288 words)

	Vertisols home
		Globally, Vertisols occupy ~2.4% of the ice-free land area.
		In the US, they ccupy ~2.0% of the land area and occur primarily in Texas.
		Vertisols are divided into 6 suborders: Aquerts, Cryerts, Xererts, Torrerts, Usterts, and Uderts.
	soils.ag.uidaho.edu /soilorders/vertisols.htm (139 words)

	GECRG Publications (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Driese, S.G., Jacobs, J.R., and Nordt, L.C. Comparison of modern and ancient Vertisols developed on limestone in terms of their geochemistry and parent material.
		Kovda, I., Mora, C.I., and Wilding, L.P. Stable isotopic composition of pedogenic carbonates and soil organic matter in a temperate climate Vertisol with gilgai, southeastern Russia.
		Tobin, K.J. and Driese, S.G. Echinoderm stabilization associated with a paleokarst surface at the Mississippian-Pennsylvanian boundary in Tennessee.
	gecrg.utk.edu /publications.htm (1284 words)

	Oxford University Press: The Sustainable Management of Vertisols: J. Keith Syers
		Vertisols are heavy clay-like soils that although fertile and potentially productive are difficult to cultivate.
		They occur extensively in many warmer climates such as Africa, Australia, India and Texas.
		Based on a workshop held in Zimbabwe in May 1999, organized by the Department of Research and Specialist Services (Zimbabwe) and the International Board for Soil Research and Management (IBSRAM), this book reviews the current state of knowledge on the management of vertisols in Africa, with comparative chapters covering other parts of the world.
	www.oup.com /us/catalog/general/?view=usa&ci=9780851994505 (208 words)

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