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Topic: Vesicle

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	* Vesicle - (Disease): Definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A vesicle is a small fluid-filled blister ranging in size from a pinpoint to 5 or 10 millimeters in diameter.
		As a rule, the term vesicle is used to describe a small blister,...
		Exocytosis is mediated by transport, docking, and fusion of secretory vesicles carrying proteins and lipids to defined areas of the plasma membrane.
	www.bestknows.com /disease/vesicle.html (823 words)

	Biophysical Journal: Early steps of supported bilayer formation probed by single vesicle fluorescence assays
		Therefore, bilayer formation via vesicle fusion is expected to depend on the vesicle size and is thought to occur in four steps: single vesicle adsorption, fusion of vesicles on the surface to form larger vesicles, rupture of these vesicles to form bilayer disks on the surface, and final merging of the disks.
		It was our goal to directly observe vesicle fusion and rupture events at the single vesicle level to avoid ensemble averaging and to capture the multi-step processes of vesicle fusion, rupture, and extended bilayer formation with sufficient time resolution.
		When the effective areal concentration of the fluorescent lipids decreases upon fusion between a labeled vesicle and an unlabeled vesicle, an increase in red TR fluorescence is observed due to the decrease in fluorescence self-quenching (dequenching); however, the green fluorescence for encapsulated CF persists.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3938/is_200212/ai_n9165860 (1324 words)

	Mechanisms of Vesicle Formation and Fusion
		First, formation of membrane vesicles from a larger membrane requires the assistance of a protein coat and "adapter proteins" that bind both to the coat proteins and to the "cargo proteins" in the membrane that is being pinched off to form a vesicle (Fig.
		Third, fusion of a vesicle that has budded off from one compartment with the membrane of another compartment requires that there be complementary proteins in the two membranes--one associated with the vesicle membrane, and one associated with the target membrane.
		This forms first a coated pit, but once enough clathrin molecules have assembled, it was believed until recently that the free energy of their association, and the fact that they form an enclosed cage structure, is sufficient to drag along a piece of the membrane, forcing it to form a sphere encased by the clathrin.
	www.lclark.edu /~reiness/cellbio/lectures/lect18.htm (2070 words)

	The Synaptic Vesicle Cycle
		This synaptic vesicle is highly regulated and a molecular understanding of many of the steps in the cycle is emerging from the combined efforts many years of molecular, cellular, genetic and biochemical studies.
		Synaptic vesicle components are initially trafficked to the synapse using members of the kinesin motor family.
		Vesicles first need to be primed so that they are able to fuse rapidly in response to calcium influx.
	thalamus.wustl.edu /nonetlab/ResearchF/svcycle.html (1080 words)

	Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine: Histologic and histochemical characterization of seminal vesicle ...
		Awareness of both the crystalloid morphology in seminal vesicle tissue and the distinguishing features from prostatic crystalloids may be important while interpreting prostate needle biopsies in which seminal vesicle epithelium may be confused for prostate carcinoma because of a small acinar morphology with accompanying cytologic atypia and crystalloid morphology.
		Ten cases of seminal vesicles from radical prostatectomies and autopsy cases with representative forms of the different secretions identified by routine hematoxylin-eosin-stained slides were stained for periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) with and without diastase digestion, Alcian blue at pH 2.5, and mucicarmine histochemical stains using standard techniques.
		Secretions were present in 81 (82%) of 99 seminal vesicles as follows: 4 (44%) of 9 needle biopsies with seminal vesicle/ejaculatory duct epithelium, 68 (90%) of 75 radical prostatectomies, and 9 (82%) of 11 prostates without carcinoma, including 7 of 11 autopsy cases and 4 of 4 cystoprostatectomy cases.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3725/is_200101/ai_n8948603 (1147 words)

	Vesicle definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Vesicle: In dermatology, a vesicle is a small blister, as on the skin.
		Vesicles also occur on the mucous membranes, such as the buccal mucosa (the lining of the mouth).
		For example, the seminal vesicles are a pair of pouch-like structures about five cm (2 inches) long located behind the bladder and above the prostate gland that contribute fluid to the ejaculate.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=5990 (233 words)

	Foal Fetus Development Timeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The "embryonic vesicle," which houses the embryo, is the only part of the egg visible at 9 days.
		An ultrasound would reveal the vesicle as a roundish fl blob: look the white smudge of an embryo to be suspended from the blob's ceiling, rather than resting on its floor.
		The vesicle is now flabby and shapeless, conforming to the uterine walls; the fetus is about 2 1/2 inches long.
	www.equineestates.com /development.html (790 words)

	University of Washington--Dept of Pharmacology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		These include the mechanism of vesicle filling, the tight coupling of vesicle fusion to the influx of calcium, the strict localization of vesicle fusion to special "active" zones of the presynaptic membrane and the ability of synaptic secretion to be readily modified in its efficacy in response to changes in neuronal activity.
		Synaptic Vesicle Protein 2 (SV2) is a glycoprotein present in all synaptic vesicles.
		We have discovered two lipid modifying enzymes that are present at the synapse; 1) synaptic vesicle ceramide kinase, a calcium-stimulated kinase specific for the sphingolipid ceramide that is associated with synaptic vesicles and 2) a complementary ceramide 1-phosphate phosphatase activity that is present on synaptic plasma membranes.
	depts.washington.edu /phcol/faculty/bajjalieh/bajjalieh.html (616 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In the Golgi Apparatus, there are swarms of vesicles that transport lipids and proteins from the Golgi to the Golgi cisternae.Then, the vesicles bud off the trans face of the Golgi Apparatus--sometimes with a coat made by clathrin, sometimes coated with a coat protein, and othertimes without a coat.
		In addition to this, there are transport vesicles that transport proteins synthesized in the ribosomes of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum to the Golgi Apparatus, where they are packaged and sent off to other organelles that require the materials inside or to other cells as export.
		This is because the vesicles are the organelles that transport materials from organelle to organelle, from the inside of the cell to the outside, and from the extracellular material to the organelles of the cell.
	sun.menloschool.org /~birchler/cells/animals/vesicle (289 words)

	Drosophila Stoned Proteins Regulate the Rate and Fidelity of Synaptic Vesicle Internalization -- Stimson et al. 21 (9): ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		synaptic vesicles at the embryonic neuromuscular junction (NMJ;
		Thus, the altered localization of synaptic vesicle proteins reflects a function of stoned downstream of mechanisms that are involved in the expression and localization of endocytosis molecules.
		To induce large-scale synaptic vesicle endocytosis, we subjected the larval NMJ to a 30 sec, 30 Hz stimulation "buzz" (Fig.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/21/9/3034 (7501 words)

	Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate stimulates vesicle formation from liposomes by brain cytosol -- Kinuta et al. 99 ...
		Liposomes were incubated with control or dynamin-depleted cytosol in the presence of ATP and GTP for 15 min at 37°C. Vesicle formation was detected by the DLS assay.
		vesicle budding (19, 38), and decoating by the heat-shock
		as to the accumulation of endocytic pits and coated vesicles (22).
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/99/5/2842 (4344 words)

	Peeping at the vesicle kiss - Nature Cell Biology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This is the first clear-cut demonstration that multiple pathways are available for the vesicle to discharge its content and recycle, with the relative importance of each path being regulated by calcium and possibly other factors (Fig.
		After fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane, an aqueous pore is formed (1), followed by flattening of the vesicle in the plasma membrane (2).
		The recycled vesicle sheds its coat upon detaching from the membrane (5) and is then refilled to become available for a new run of discharge.
	www.nature.com /cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/ncb/journal/v1/n1/full/ncb0599_E3.html (1561 words)

	Vesicle tethering complexes in membrane traffic -- Whyte and Munro 115 (13): 2627 -- Journal of Cell Science
		Both vesicle tethering and SNARE assembly have been referred to by others as `docking', so to avoid confusion we use only the former terms here.
		ER-derived vesicles to washed acceptor membranes in the assay
		vesicle are tethered by the complex to the early Golgi: vesicles
	jcs.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/115/13/2627 (7834 words)

	[No title]
		COPII coated vesicles bud from the rough ER and some move directly to the cis-Golgi whereas others fuse with other vesicles to produce an ER-Golgi intermediate compartment.
		The polymerizing coat proteins add curvature to the membrane during budding and also participate in the selection of the cargo to be carried by the vesicle through interactions with the adapter proteins.
		Electron micrograph of COP I vesicles purified by centrifugation to separate them from the Golgi fraction of rat hepatocytes after incubation with cytosol and ATP to stimulate vesicle formation.
	web.uconn.edu /mcb380/lecture09.html (1524 words)

	Lipid Vesicle Size Determines the Th1 or Th2 Response to Entrapped Antigen -- Brewer et al. 161 (8): 4000 -- The ...
		of nonextruded vesicles was 3100 ± 660 nm in diameter.
		B, Uptake of 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate-labeled vesicles by J.774 macrophages was similar regardless of the vesicle diameter.
		The adjuvant activity of non-ionic surfactant vesicles (niosomes) on the BALB/c humoral response to bovine serum albumin.
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/full/161/8/4000 (5320 words)

	Microtubule-Dependent Vesicle Transport: Modulation of Channel and Transporter Activity in Liver and Kidney -- ...
		of pericanalicular vesicles to the canalicular membrane (23, 64, 70, 71).
		Role of microtubule-based vesicle transport in movement to and from lysosomal compartment in hepatocytes.
		Role for microtubule-based vesicle transport and, specifically, cytoplasmic dynein in movement of endocytic carrier vesicles (ECV) from endosomal compartment (EC) to lysosomal compartment (LYS) is well established.
	physrev.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/78/4/1109 (9848 words)

	Visualization of the Dynamics of Synaptic Vesicle and Plasma Membrane Proteins in Living Axons -- Nakata et al. 140 ...
		The speed of the vesicles was determined by measuring the distance moved between two successive frames (3.45 s).
		To visualize transporting vesicles, we examined the axons using laser scan microscopy with photomultiplier detection.
		We detected the direct transport of vesicles from one distal branch of an axon to the other at a branching point.
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/140/3/659 (7958 words)

	Controversies in synaptic vesicle exocytosis -- Weimer and Jorgensen 116 (18): 3661 -- Journal of Cell Science (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		vesicles mediate the release of neurotransmitter from presynaptic
		fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane.
		In the absence of Munc18-1, dense-core vesicles in chromaffin
	intl-jcs.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/116/18/3661 (4075 words)

	Synaptic vesicle cycling at type-identified diaphr... \| FindYourHope.com
		Synaptic vesicle cycling at type-identified diaphragm neuromuscular junctions.
		Synaptic vesicle cycling at type-identified rat diaphragm neuromuscular junctions was examined by fluorescently labeling presynaptic vesicles with FM4-64.
		Synaptic vesicle density at active zones was examined by transmission electron microscopy.
	www.findyourhope.com /Article/45286/Page_Article.aspx (289 words)

	Synaptotagmin I is necessary for compensatory synaptic vesicle endocytosis in vivo : Nature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Synaptotagmin I is necessary for compensatory synaptic vesicle endocytosis in vivo
		We use quantitative live imaging of a pH-sensitive green fluorescent protein fused to a synaptic vesicle protein (synapto-pHluorin) to measure the kinetics of endocytosis in sytI-null Drosophila.
		By inactivating Syt I only during endocytosis, we demonstrate that Syt I is necessary for the endocytosis of synaptic vesicles that have undergone exocytosis using a functional Syt I protein.
	www.nature.com /doifinder/10.1038/nature02184 (287 words)

	Complexity of Gas Vesicle Biogenesis in Halobacterium sp. Strain NRC-1: Identification of Five New Proteins -- Shukla ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		vesicles and larger coils in the middle of the structure.
		The sequence of the major gas vesicle protein, GvpA, influences the width and strength of halobacterial gas vesicles.
		Halladay, J. Analysis of gas vesicle deficient mutants of Halobacterium halobium, identification of a gas vesicle gene cluster, and development of techniques to further investigate gas vesicle synthesis and assembly.
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/186/10/3182 (3262 words)

	Abstract: Studies of synaptic vesicle endocytosis in the nematode C. elegans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		After synaptic vesicle exocytosis, synaptic vesicle proteins must be retrieved from the plasma membrane, sorted away from other membrane proteins, and reconstituted into a functional synaptic vesicle.
		Third, gene targeting techniques have elucidated the roles of genes thought to play modulatory or subtle roles in synaptic vesicle recycling.
		We describe a molecular model for synaptic vesicle recycling and discuss how protein disruption experiments in C. elegans have contributed to this model.
	www.biology.utah.edu /jorgnsen_cgi_bin/publications?abstract=3&type=publications (158 words)

	Vesicle Transport
		While a majority of Kinesin-1 appears to be free in the cytoplasm, some is associated with various membrane-bounded organelles, including small vesicles and endoplasmic reticulum, and membranes that lie between the ER and Golgi.
		We presume that the organelle jams inhibit the anterograde movement of vesicles that deliver ion channels to the axonal membrane.
		Immunocytology suggests that organelle jams also inhibit the delivery of vesicles bearing membrane proteins, such as Fasciclin II, synaptotagmin, and syntaxin that are needed in synaptic terminals.
	www.proweb.org /kinesin/FxnVessTrans.html (1130 words)

	Consequences of Molecular-Level Ca2+ Channel and Synaptic Vesicle Colocalization for the Ca2+ Microdomain and ...
		Consequences of Molecular-Level Ca2+ Channel and Synaptic Vesicle Colocalization for the Ca2+ Microdomain and Neurotransmitter Exocytosis: A Monte Carlo Study -- Shahrezaei and Delaney 87 (4): 2352 -- Biophysical Journal
		Consequences of Molecular-Level Ca Channel and Synaptic Vesicle Colocalization for the Ca Microdomain and Neurotransmitter Exocytosis: A Monte Carlo Study
		by up to 13-fold, depending on their position around the vesicle.
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/abstract/87/4/2352 (328 words)

	SNARE
		Distance of vesicles from Ca channel cluster: Range 30 to 300 μM; Mean 100 μM
		Occurs in parallel with synaptic vesicle exo- and endocytosis
		Binds to Synaptobrevin: Forms complexes on surface of synaptic vesicles
	www.neuro.wustl.edu /neuromuscular/pathol/snare.htm (959 words)

	Micropipet Writing Technique for Production of Two-Dimensional Lipid Bilayer Nanotube-Vesicle Networks on ...
		We present a micropipet-assisted writing technique for formation of two-dimensional networks of phospholipid vesicles and nanotubes on functionalized and patterned substrates.
		This vesicle is placed on an adhesive spot.
		When the micropipet is moved, a nanotube connection is formed from the first vesicle and is pulled to the next adhesive spot where a second vesicle is ejected.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/langd5/2003/19/i09/abs/la026947r.html (272 words)

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