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| | Shawangunk Grasslands National Wildlife Refuge |
 | | This recommendation is based partly on the deduction that ground nesting birds of concern, including upland sandpiper, short-eared owl, vesper sparrow, Savannah sparrow, grasshopper sparrow, Henslow's sparrow, bobolink, and eastern meadowlark, present distraction displays in response to predators near their nests. |
 | | Contrastingly, Roberts also states that vesper sparrows more commonly fly "directly away, low over the ground." Berger states that female vesper sparrows will respond to humans near nests with young by running along the ground conspicuously, with tail spread and wings raised. |
 | | Baird (1968) and Welsh (1975) indicate that breeding Savannah sparrows are tolerant of human disturbance near the nest. |
| www.fws.gov /northeast/shawangunk/cd.htm (7147 words) |
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