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Topic: Vestigial structure

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Vestigial features - EvoWiki Vestigial features are sometimes important in the development of other features; they may be present because it may be difficult for natural selection to edit out the production of them without causing excessive disruption. Vestigial features are an interesting special case of homology; these are features that are much-less developed than the homologous features of some other organisms. The features most usually thought of as vestigial are small but persistent features like the human appendix, the human tailbone (coccyx), the tiny wings of the kiwi (Apteryx), etc. However, such large features as the flowers of asexually-reproducing dandelions (Taraxacum officinale) may also be interpreted as vestigial. wiki.cotch.net /index.php/Vestigial_features   (728 words)

Vestigial Organs - Creation vs Evolution, Science, Bible, Mike Riddle Vestigial organs are body structures considered to have been better developed and functional in the past but to have now lost most or all of their function and some or most of their structure. Vestigial organs were considered passé because of ignorance, but now we have discovered important biological functions and necessity for every one of them. This article will review which organs people are most likely to consider vestigial and what their known functions are, so that you can show others there is no such thing as a vestigial organ. www.train2equip.com /paperVestigial.asp   (2460 words)

Evolution Thus vestigial structures can be viewed as evidence for evolution: organisms having vestigial structures probably share a common ancestry with organisms in with organisms in which the homologous structure is functional. The similarities between living species-- in ancestry, in homologous and vestigial structures, in embryological development, and in biochemical compounds-- all could be explained as extremely remarkable coincidences. Vestigial organs are often homologous to organs that are useful in other species. bioweb.cs.earlham.edu /text/evolution/HTML/live.html   (760 words)

Vestigial Structures History - Vestigial Structures Information Vestigial structures may also be molecular, as in the case of vestigial genes that exist in most species. Truly useless vestigial structures are few or absent in humans, but well-known in other species: blind cave-dwelling species of crayfish grow eye-stalks but no eyes, embryonic baleen whales grow teeth which they re-absorb before birth, and so on. From the late nineteenth century until the 1960s, biologists thought that the human body contained scores of useless vestigial structures, including the coccyx, ear muscles, pineal gland, thymus, vermiform appendix, wisdom teeth, and others. www.bookrags.com /other/health/vestigial-structures-wap.html   (686 words)

Evolution -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article A (additional info and facts about vestigial organ) vestigial organ or structure may exist with little or no purpose in one organism, though they have a clear purpose in others. The human (additional info and facts about wisdom teeth) wisdom teeth and (Supplementary material that is collected and appended at the back of a book) appendix are common examples. www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/e/ev/evolution.htm   (4224 words)

Evolution: Just the facts... A vestigial organ (additional info and facts about vestigial organ) or structure may exist with little or no purpose in one organism, though they have a clear purpose in others. The human wisdom teeth (additional info and facts about wisdom teeth) and appendix (Supplementary material that is collected and appended at the back of a book) are common examples. www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/e/ev/evolution.htm   (4237 words)

ELE635: Undergraduate Program- Electrical and Computer Eng. Ryerson Amplitude Modulation: suppressed carrier modulation, large carrier modulation, vestigial sideband modulation, single-sideband modulation, superheterodyne receiver structure, comparison of AM systems, frequency division multiplexing, carrier acquisition The course topics include: baseband signal transmission, amplitude, phase and frequency modulation, modulated waveform generation and detection techniques, effects of noise in analog communication systems, frequency division multiplexing, sampling theorem, reconstruction and aliasing, quantization and pulse code modulation. Amplitude Modulation and Envelope Detection: To generate an amplitude-modulated (AM) signal with an adjustable modulation factor using the multiplier circuit. www.ee.ryerson.ca /undergraduate/curriculum/ele635.html   (452 words)

Evolution The similarities between living species-- in ancestry, in homologous and vestigial structures, in embryological development, and in biochemical compounds-- all could be explained as extremely remarkable coincidences. Thus vestigial structures can be viewed as evidence for evolution: organisms having vestigial structures probably share a common ancestry with organisms in with organisms in which the homologous structure is functional. The vestigial tailbone in humans is homologous to the functional tail of other primates. bioweb.cs.earlham.edu /9-12/evolution/HTML/live.html   (768 words)

Structure-based mechanism and evolution of liver epoxide hydrolase. Despite inconclusively weak sequence identities among these three enzymes, the resemblance of the epoxide hydrolase catalytic and vestigial domains with haloalkane dehalogenase and haloacid dehalogenase, respectively, indicates common ancestral origins in the evolution of xenobiotic metabolism. Structure-based mechanism and evolution of liver epoxide hydrolase. The crystal structure of recombinant murine liver cytosolic epoxide hydrolase has been determined at 2.8 Å resolution. repository.upenn.edu /dissertations/AAI9937697   (768 words)

Possible sign of evolution? However, the biological term, at least as it pertains to evolution, has always meant "reduced or rudimentary structure when compared with the same structure in another organism". TalkOrigins, as always, subtly rips creationists a few new belly holes in this well-researched article, including pointing out that Scadding, whom anti-evolutionists love to quote as a supporter of the "vestigial = useless" concept, was quite wrong about the definition of "vestiges", which hasn't been significantly revised in more than a century. Nevertheless, vestigial organs are now only an accessory line of evidence, not the main ones supporting evolution. www.christianforums.com /t60118&goto=nextnewest   (768 words)

Evolution Thus vestigial structures can be viewed as evidence for evolution: organisms having vestigial structures probably share a common ancestry with organisms in with organisms in which the homologous structure is functional. The vestigial tailbone in humans is homologous to the functional tail of other primates. For example, humans have a tailbone at the end of the spine that is of no apparent use. bioweb.cs.earlham.edu /9-12/evolution/HTML/live.html   (768 words)

Evolution Thus vestigial structures can be viewed as evidence for evolution: organisms having vestigial structures probably share a common ancestry with organisms in with organisms in which the homologous structure is functional. The vestigial tailbone in humans is homologous to the functional tail of other primates. bioweb.cs.earlham.edu /9-12/evolution/HTML/live.html   (768 words)

Evolution The similarities between living species-- in ancestry, in homologous and vestigial structures, in embryological development, and in biochemical compounds-- all could be explained as extremely remarkable coincidences. Thus vestigial structures can be viewed as evidence for evolution: organisms having vestigial structures probably share a common ancestry with organisms in with organisms in which the homologous structure is functional. The universality of cytochrome c is evidence that all aerobic organisms probably descended from a common ancestor that used this compound for respiration. bioweb.cs.earlham.edu /browse/evolution/HTML/live.html   (768 words)

Identification of Non-functional Human VNO Receptor Genes Provides Evidence for Vestigiality of the Human VNO -- Kouros-Mehr et al. 26 (9): 1167 -- Chemical Senses VNO is a vestigial structure that had degenerated during the assumed that the human VNO (Jacobson's organ) is a vestigial VNO receptor gene sequences, all of which appear to be pseudogenes. chemse.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/26/9/1167   (3067 words)

appendix on Encyclopedia.com The structure, also called the vermiform appendix, has no function in people and is considered a vestigial remnant of some previous organ or structure, having a digestive function, that became unnecessary to people in their evolutionary progress (see digestive system). Infection of accumulated and hardened waste matter in the appendix may give rise to appendicitis, the symptoms of which are severe pain in the abdomen, nausea, vomiting, fever, abdominal tenderness, and muscle spasm. www.encyclopedia.com /html/a1/appendix.asp   (3067 words)

AT&T News Release, 1991-12-04, Scientific-Atlanta, Zenith, AT&T join forces on HDTV Zenith and Scientific-Atlanta announced that under a separate agreement they have developed a common transmission structure for carrying the Zenith/AT&T digital HDTV digital and Scientific-Atlanta's digitally compressed standard TV signal through cable plants to the home. Zenith's 4-level vestigial (4-VSB) modulation technique in cable applications assures noise-free and interference-free reception. This will combine Scientific-Atlanta's powerful Vector Quantization (VQ) digital compression system for standard TV signals with Zenith's flexible and rugged 4-level vestigial sideband (VSB) modulation technology, which is also being used for terrestrial broadcast in the Zenith/AT&T HDTV proposal. www.att.com /news/1291/911204.mea.html   (3067 words)

NewCreationism.Org - Article #11 - Tonsils and Junk DNA It may be obvious, but it's first important to state that a key underlying assumption behind claiming that a biological entity is vestigial is that one has the ultimate understanding of all of the potential uses of a given organ or structure. We can find an example from a scientific study of non-coding DNA in the single-celled photosynthetic Crytomonads that has shown that the non-coding DNA helped the nuclei maintain its large structure (Eukaryotic non-coding DNA is functional: evidence from the differential scaling of cryptomonal genomes. Interestingly enough however, there's a replacement and it's name is "Junk DNA." This stems from the fact that only a small portion of a species DNA actually codes for proteins during biological development. www.newcreationism.org /CreationArticle11.html   (1376 words)

MARSUPIALIA - LoveToKnow Article on MARSUPIALIA Finally, there is the hypothesis that marsupials are the descendants of placentals, in which case, as was suggested by its discoverer, the placenta of the bandicoots would be a true vestigial structure. With the bandicoots, or Peramelidae, we come to a family of polyprotodonts which resemble the diprotodonts in the peculiarly specialized structure of their hind limbs; an adaptation which we must apparently regard as having been independently acquired in the two groups. Existing marsupials may be divided into three main divisions or sub-orders, of which the first, or Polyprotodontia, is common to America and Australasia; the second, or Paucituberculata, is exclusively South American; while the third, or Diprotodonts, is as solely Australasian inclusive of a few in the eastern Austro-Malayan islands. 45.1911encyclopedia.org /M/MA/MARSUPIALIA.htm   (1376 words)

MSN Encarta - Lizard The legs of some lizards are greatly shortened, or vestigial, making animals such as the glass lizard or slowworm snakelike in appearance; they are distinguished from true snakes by their movable eyelids and by differences in the structure of the skull bones, especially those of the lower jaw. Lizards move in a variety of ways, depending on body structure and habitat. Most lizards are small, with four legs and a long tail that in many species is fragile and easily broken but will regenerate; the tail of such arboreal species as the chameleon is adapted for grasping branches. encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761566985/Lizard.html   (467 words)

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829) Lamarck's Philosophie zoologique mentions the great variety of animal and plant forms produced under human cultivation (Lamarck even anticipated Darwin in mentioning fantail pigeons!); the presence of vestigial, non-functional structures in many animals; and the presence of embryonic structures that have no counterpart in the adult. This rule -- that use or disuse causes structures to enlarge or shrink -- Lamarck called the "First Law" in his book Philosophie zoologique. Altered behavior leads to greater or lesser use of a given structure or organ; use would cause the structure to increase in size over several generations, whereas disuse would cause it to shrink or even disappear. www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /history/lamarck.html   (467 words)

z_devbranc.html Branchial apparatus of embryo is reshaped into new structures; structures can disappear or form vestigial remnants by the end of the embryonic period. Four branchial grooves separate the branchial arches externally on each side; only one pair of branchial grooves forms a structure in the adult; the first branchial groove forms the External auditory meatus, the first branchial membrane forms the Tympanic Membrane. DEVELOPMENT OF BRANCHIAL ARCHES  ‑ structures which develop in embryo; are comparable to gills of fish; reflect fact that ontogeny (development of individual) resembles  phylogeny (evolution of species); are important in understanding final structure and innervation of head and neck. musom.marshall.edu /anatomy/grosshom/z_devbranc.html   (654 words)

News The philosophy is based on the commonality and versatility of key elements of the vehicle structure and body systems across a 'family' of niche vehicle variants, with a combined annual production rate of up to around 50,000 units. The structure reveals the high-pressure die cast corner nodes that are key to an architecture that additionally draws upon Lotus' extensive experience with bonding and extruded aluminium. "We expect that the demonstration of this technology through a real understructure will stimulate yet more interest from OEMs or consortiums looking to produce exciting products utilising cost efficient, proven architecture," he adds. www.lotusla.com /news.htm   (654 words)

Juxtaoral organ of Chievitz was first described by Chievitz in 1885 and is considered to be a vestigial organ, perhaps of the developing parotid gland, or to be epithelium entrapped during the embryonic development of the interface between the maxillary and mandibular processes. While the function of this structure is completely unknown, it is a very innocuous variation of normal anatomy and requires no treatment. A similar structure has been found within the anterior maxillary bone, but no embryonic explanation has been offered for its presence in that location. www.maxillofacialcenter.com /BondBook/softtissue/chevitzorgan.html   (654 words)

The Cryptophyta: page 2 Recent molecular evidence strongly supports the idea that the nucleomorph represents a vestigial nucleus from the original endosymbiont that became the cryptophyte chloroplast. Within the space between the chloroplast envelope and the additional layers of endoplasmic reticulum is found a peculiar structure called a nucleomorph. The cell wall is a periplast, a proteinaceous structure. hypnea.botany.uwc.ac.za /phylogeny/classif/crypto2.htm   (654 words)

Comparative Anatomy Vestigial organs are reduced and rudimentary compared to the same complex structure in other organisms. Comparative study of anatomical structures within a particular group of organisms often reveals that they are based upon a common prototype or ground plan which varies with the organisms particular environment Homologous structures- similarity in structure due to common descent, irrespective of the diverse uses to which they may be put. arnica.csustan.edu /biol3020/anatomy/anatomy.htm   (475 words)

e-Learning Session Vestigial Structures are remains of a structure that was functional in some ancestor but is no longer functional in the organism in question. Analogous structures are inherited from a unique ancestors and have come to resemble each other because they serve a similar function. Vertebrate forelimbs contain the same sets of bones organized in similar ways, despite their dissimilar functions. www.mhhe.com /biosci/genbio/maderbiology7/student/olc/chap18-outline.mhtml   (475 words)

SNAKE FAMILIES The Aniliidae formerly included the Anomochilidae (Dwarf Pipe Snakes) and Cylindrophiidae (Asian Pipe Snakes), and the three families do share certain characteristics such as vestigial hind limbs and enlarged ventral plates as well as similarities in the skull structure, including a limited flexibility. Boas and pythons need little introduction, although much commonly held thought about them (especially regarding size and danger) is actually myth or at best exaggeration. The single species, Anilius scytale, is only found in northern South America. www.nafcon.dircon.co.uk /snake_families.htm   (475 words)

MSN Encarta - Lizard The legs of some lizards are greatly shortened, or vestigial, making animals such as the glass lizard or slowworm snakelike in appearance; they are distinguished from true snakes by their movable eyelids and by differences in the structure of the skull bones, especially those of the lower jaw. Most lizards are small, with four legs and a long tail that in many species is fragile and easily broken but will regenerate; the tail of such arboreal species as the chameleon is adapted for grasping branches. Lizards are found in tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world; few species are found in temperate regions and none in arctic areas. encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761566985/Lizard.html   (412 words)

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