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Topic: Vestments controversy

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Book of Common Prayer

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Elizabethan Religious Settlement

Thomas Cooper

	Vestments controversy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		First initiated by John Hooper's rejection of clerical vestments in the Church of England under Edward VI and revived under Elizabeth I, the controversy sheds much light on the development of English forms of Puritanism and Anglicanism, though both of these are problematically broad labels covering a manifold of different positions.
		The vestments controversy is also known as the vestiarian crisis or, especially in its Elizabethan manifestation, the edification crisis.
		In the controversy among the Marian exiles, principally those in Frankfurt, church order and liturgy were the main issues of contention, though vestments were related and debated in their own right.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vestments_controversy (6423 words)

	Vestment - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Vestments are liturgical garments and articles associated primarily with the Christian religions, especially the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Lutheran and Anglican Churches.
		This is strictly speaking not a vestment but an item of regalia since it was never worn for services with the exception of the blessing Urbi et Orbi.
		Despite their often elaborate design, the vestments are generally intended to focus attention on God, and the office of the person wearing them, rather than on the person himself.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vestment (1454 words)

	HISTORY OF THE WESTMINSTER ASSEMBLY OF DIVINES - Chapter 1
		The court party affirmed, that things in their own nature indifferent, such as rites, ceremonies, and vestments, might be appointed and made necessary by the command of the civil magistrate; and that then it was the bounden duty of all subjects to obey.
		Ceasing to complain of Popish vestments and ceremonies, and to supplicate a further reformation, some began to question whether the Church of England ought to be regarded as a true Church, and her ministers true Christian ministers.
		After the controversy had prevailed in the university a short time, an appeal was made to Whitgift, who, with the aid of other learned divines, prepared nine propositions, commonly called the Lambeth Articles, to which all the scholars in the university were strictly enjoined to conform their judgments.
	www.reformed.org /books/hetherington/west_assembly/chapter_1.html (11503 words)

	Ritualists
		Vestments, books, cloths, chalices, and patens must be regarded as church ornaments.
		This gave confidence to the party in other directions and between the years 1857 and 1866 there was a considerable extension of ritual usages such as the Eucharistic vestments, altar lights, flowers, and incense, while the claim was generally made that they were all perfectly lawful.
		In 1901 carefully compiled statistics showed that Eucharistic vestments of some kind (other than the stole authorized by long tradition) were used in no less than 1526 churches of the provinces of York and Canterbury, that is about twelve per cent of the whole; and the number has increased since.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/r/ritualists.html (3542 words)

	Pope St. Stephen I
		Anxious to preserve the tradition of his predecessors in matters of practical charity, as well as of faith, Stephen, we are told, relieved in their necessities "all the provinces of Syria and Arabia".
		In his days the vestments worn by the clergy at Mass and other church services did not differ in shape or material from those ordinarily worn by the laity.
		Stephen, however, is said by the "Liber Pontificalis" to have ordained that the vestments which had been used for ecclesiastical purposes were not to be employed for daily wear.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/s/stephen_i,pope_saint.html (704 words)

	John Foxe - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Foxe was ordained priest by Edmund Grindal, now Bishop of London, on January 25, 1560, and he moved to Norwich to live with its bishop, John Parkhurst, where he preached and engaged in research before returning to Norfolk's residence in London in the fall of 1562.
		Foxe's inaction as a canon of the cathedral led him to him being declared contumacious, and he was charged with failing to give a tithe for repairs to the cathedral.
		By 1565 Foxe was caught up in the vestments controversy led at that time by his associate Crowley.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/John_Foxe (3134 words)

	Liturgy
		The vestments are treated in the approximate order of their appearance in liturgical ritual, beginning with the simple alb, and including the pallium, chasuble, cassock, surplice, mitre, and many other items.
		It outlines the major positions taken during the controversy over the manner of that presence, points out the problems inherent in each position, and indicates the development of the Roman magisterium's teaching on the presence of Christ and his acts in the liturgy.
		This controversy had begun in the 1920s, and, especially in its early years, had occasioned great dispute between the German Benedictine Odo Casel and other monks of the Rhineland abbey of Maria Laach, on one side, and Jesuits at the Gregorian University, among others, on the other side.
	www.wordtrade.com /religion/christianity/christliturgyR.htm (1653 words)

	In Search of Shakespeare . Shakespeare and the Documents, Part 1: \| PBS
		He's one of the greatest writers in the world, yet the first twenty-eight years of his life could be written on the back of a postage stamp.
		It has to be said that these are all groundless: the primary sources which show that the Stratford Shakespeare wrote the plays are incontrovertible.
		During the time William's father served as constable, alderman and bailiff (mayor) the town officers delayed as long as possible before removing Catholic murals, glass and vestments; some wallpaintings were never destroyed.
	www.pbs.org /shakespeare/evidence/evidence268.html (933 words)

	§6. Thomas Cranmer. II. Reformation Literature in England. Vol. 3. Renascence and Reformation. The Cambridge ...
		Quickly as Cranmer could compose in Latin—his Reply to the Three Articles brought against him at his trial is an instance of his readiness—English came more naturally to him, and, in the continued debates of his trial, the disputants often forsook Latin for English.
		The second prayer-book, therefore, while expressly sanctioning its predecessor as containing nothing but what was agreeable to the word of God and the primitive church, yet made many changes; some slight, others more important, the latter class mainly involving Eucharistic doctrine, upon which point, as upon that of vestments, controversy was most intense.
		Under Elizabeth, the vestiarian controversy reappeared, until it was swallowed up by the larger and more vital discussion upon church government.
	www.bartleby.com /213/0206.html (989 words)

	MIT Graphic Identity: Symbols: Colors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		In 1876, the class of 1879 resolved that the MIT school colors would be red and gray.
		The precise shades of red and gray have spurred such controversy over the years that one MIT student devoted his chemistry thesis to determining the precise formula.
		Cardinal silk from the vestments of Cardinal O'Connell, 1925.
	web.mit.edu /graphicidentity/symbols/colors.html (224 words)

	Royal Commission on Ecclesiastical Discipline
		There is no doubt that the Eucharistic vestments were originally the dress of ordinary civil life, and that for four or five centuries the civil and ministerial dress of the clergy was identical, save that at the time of their ministrations they would have put on a dress that was clean and white.
		On the establishment of Queen ElizabethÕs Prayer Book, in 1559, these vestments were by the Act of Uniformity, in clear terms, again directed to be worn; and this direction remained in force at least until the issue of the Advertisements in 1566, although generally disregarded.
		Many witnesses have, however, argued that these vestments are in the public mind so closely associated with the Roman Church that their introduction into the Church of England, where, in fact, they were entirely discarded for 300 years, cannot fail to convey generally the impression that the Roman doctrine and practice are being brought back.
	anglicanhistory.org /pwra/rced4/section3.html (2654 words)

	Orthodox Art and Architecture
		But the chanting and choral singing, the incense, the vestments and ritual movements of the priest and acolytes, and the images everywhere around are not mere embellishments.
		In the simplest terms, this kind of church is cubical on the first level and cruciform on the second, with a dome resting on a cylinder at the intersection of the arms of the cross, and smaller domes or vaults over the four corners of the cube, between the arms of the cross.
		The Iconoclasts argued that any image depicting God in human form either omits His divine nature, since this is infinite and "uncircumscribable" (a fact that neither side questioned), or confuses it with His human nature; and either outcome is impious, since Christ's two natures are both distinct and inseparable (another fact that neither side questioned).
	www.goarch.org /en/ourfaith/articles/article8025.asp (4750 words)

	CLERGY VESTMENTS
		The result of this consultation was that a cassock and surplice became the required clergy dress, as a compromise between the 'purist' protestant position and the Roman Catholic position.
		Bucer, along with many of the continental reformers was puzzled as to the importance in England of the matter of clergy vestments.
		In the area of Vestments the reforms of the 1552 Prayer Book were turned back in favour of those of the 1549 Prayer Book.
	www.glaird.com /vestment.htm (3436 words)

	[No title]
		It is written by one who has tasted and found that God is good, and who has learned in communion with God and the study of His word that the secret of the Lord is with them that fear Him, and that He will show them His covenant.
		That we may better understand the principles of the all-important controversy, in which the life of a universe is involved, the author has set it before us in great, concrete object lessons of the last twenty centuries.
		The great controversy in which the disciples of Jesus yielded up their lives did not cease when these faithful standard-bearers fell at their post.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/white/controversy.txt (21935 words)

	Religion Glossaries (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The precise meaning of this ritual gave rise to enormous controversy during the Tudor period: some argue that in it lay the fundamental difference between Catholic and Protestant.
		The Second Prayer Book of Edward VI prescribed the surplice as the only vestment to be worn by the clergy.
		This rubric was altered in the Prayer Book of 1559 in an attempt to revert to the wearing of vestments for the celebration of communion and probably for morning and evening prayer.
	tudorhistory.org /glossaries/religion/terms.html (2074 words)

	Puritan Encyclopedia Article @ LaunchBase.net (Launch Base) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Each fresh controversy led to a new round of schisms, and, as such, the groundwork was set for the eventual heirs of Puritanism, from the "low-church" Protestant and Evangelical wing of the Church of England, to the various dissenting sects.
		Puritans certainly agitated against the king, and reform of the religion was a rallying cry for the Parliamentary forces.
		Some approved of the church hierarchy, but others sought to reform the episcopal churches on the presbyterian model.
	www.launchbase.net /encyclopedia/Puritan (1847 words)

	New Page 2
		Those who quibbled about such matters as vestments had not affected the peace or doctrine of the Church, and though on matters adiaphora some in the Church of England dissented from the Settlement, concerning the true material substance of religion, de re vero ipsa, the English stood united.
		In the winter of 1559-1560, Jewel became embroiled in the controversy respecting the use of a crucifix in the royal chapel.
		Vestments, though indifferent, were matters of order, and in a Church submissive to its queen, were not open to debate.
	www.eastern.edu /academic/trad_undg/sas/depts/history/jewel.html (3415 words)

	The Seventh Ecumenical Council
		It centered around the use of icons in the Church and the controversy between the iconoclasts and iconophiles.
		The Iconoclasts were suspicious of religious art; they demanded that the Church rid itself of such art and that it be destroyed or broken (as the term "iconoclast" implies).
		The Iconoclast controversy was a form of Monophysitism: distrust and downgrading of the human side.
	www.goarch.org /en/ourfaith/articles/article8071.asp (273 words)

	Later religious dress (from religious dress) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		One of the most important contributions of the school of Mathura was the development of the cult image of the Buddha, who had been previously represented by aniconic (not made as a likeness) symbols.
		There is a certain amount of controversy about whether Mathura or Gandhara originated the Buddha image, which appears to be insoluble in view of the circumstantial nature of...
		Such dress may comprise types of coverings all the way from the highly symbolic and ornamented eucharistic (Holy Communion) vestments of Eastern Orthodox Christianity to tattooing, scarification, or body painting of members of primitive (preliterate)...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-66452 (951 words)

	English Dissenters: Puritans
		The Vestiarian Controversy of the 1560's within the Church of England may have been one of the initial issues that helped to raise a general level of conscience among the protestant laity that formed the basis for the new label known as "puritan" ca.
		Some of these adiaphorastic areas might included: clerical dress and vestments; kneeling for prayer or communion; the use of the sign of the cross; use of the baptismal font; the use of altar rails; the placement of and the composition of an altar (or Holy Table); the use of the organ and of non-congregational singing.
		Tolerance and as little controversy as possible was sought by the Crown and the Church.
	www.exlibris.org /nonconform/engdis/puritans.html (15379 words)

	Boston.com / News / Local / N.H. / First gay Episcopal bishop to take reins in N.H. today
		Inside the small house that serves as headquarters of the Episcopal Diocese of New Hampshire, visitors are greeted by a teddy bear in liturgical vestments, and then, in the adjoining conference room, by shelves of paper miters fashioned by religious school pupils.
		Underneath the familiar gray suit, he is wearing the new purple shirt that marks his status as a bishop; The pectoral cross is tucked to one side.
		And in the Episcopal Diocese of New Hampshire, where the controversy began, the work of the church proceeds mostly as always, with a steady diet of baptisms and confirmations and marriages and funerals, as well as the occasional reminder of unhappiness beyond.
	www.boston.com /news/local/new_hampshire/articles/2004/03/07/first_gay_episcopal_bishop_to_take_reins_in_nh_today (1107 words)

	The Catholic Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle - CRNET
		She soon begins wearing priestly vestments while conducting Communion services and openly announces her desire to be ordained.
		Before the Council was even over, liberals were using the media's insatiable appetite for religious controversy, their uniformly liberal viewpoint, their eagerness to publicize internal church conflicts in such a way as to force bishops' hands.
		While no one ought to welcome controversy for its own sake, the grim realities of the situation dictate that similar things will be said about any bishop who sincerely tries to fulfil his divine commission.
	www.christusrex.org /www1/CDHN/usa.html (4907 words)

	ST. STEPHEN I
		254 - 257 AD St. Stephen's pontificate, though short was to see the Church troubled by a vexatious controversy within and attacked by a bitter persecution from without.
		He ordered the clergy not to use their consecrated vestments for daily purposes.
		The key figure in the vexing dispute over rebaptism was the bishop of Carthage, the great writer St. Cyprian.
	www.cfpeople.org /Books/Pope/POPEp23.htm (521 words)

	What does status confessionis mean?
		In the controversy over vestments and other ceremonies imposed by the Crown, the Puritan party took a position essentially the same as Flacius'.
		And Calvin himself took a keen interest in the controversy between Flacius and Melanchthon, urging his long-time associate, Melanchthon, to take a firmer stand, to spill more ink when others were spilling their blood.
		The Lutherans' stand was also noted and affirmed by Bullinger in a cryptic statement in the Second Helvetic Confession (chapter 27): "When things indifferent are wrested to the confession of faith (rapiuntur ad fidei confessionem), they cease to be free".
	www.warc.ch /where/22gc/study/13.html (1793 words)

	Evolving controversy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		This new approach to evolution teaching, which critics say is the same old attack in slick new packaging, is resonating with the public and winning endorsements from President Bush, members of Congress, state legislatures, and state and local school boards.
		The only problem with “teaching the controversy,” say the nation’s leading scientists, is that as far as science is concerned, there is no controversy.
		That language was ultimately not part of the final law, but is included in a statement released by the joint conference committee to explain how it reconciled the House and Senate versions of the NCLB bill.
	www.csba.org /csmag/csMagStoryTemplate.cfm?id=83 (2619 words)

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