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Topic: Vesto Slipher

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	Lake County Astronomical Society NightTimes
		Slipher and his colleagues’ investigation of Jupiter were the first to indicate the existence of the elements iron and copper in its spectrum.
		In 1912 Slipher obtained a set of spectrographs that indicated that the Andromeda spiral nebula was nearing the Sun at a velocity of 300 km/sec.
		Slipher's contribution to this field of study was phenomenal and extremely fundamental to astrophysics.
	www.bpccs.com /lcas/Articles/slipher.htm (545 words)

	Vesto Slipher - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Vesto Melvin Slipher (November 11, 1875 – November 8, 1969) was an American astronomer.
		Slipher was born in Mulberry, Indiana, and completed his education at Indiana University.
		Slipher crater on the Moon is named for Earl and Vesto Slipher, as is a crater on Mars and the asteroid 1766 Slipher, discovered September 7, 1962, by the Indiana Asteroid Program.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vesto_Slipher (611 words)

	Vesto Slipher (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		This page is motivated by a feeling I have held for some years: that a very large share of the credit for the discovery of the expanding universe is due to Slipher, and yet he tends to take very much second place to Hubble in most accounts.
		The redshift:blueshift ratio has now risen to 21:4, but it is the interpretation that is startling, since Slipher notes that we are not at rest with respect to the other galaxies on average.
		Some commentators have taken the view that Slipher missed the main point of his data, which was the expanding universe, but this seems rather unfair given the neatness of the argument that Slipher uses here.
	www.roe.ac.uk /~jap/slipher (590 words)

	The High-Z SN Search Description
		In 1916 Vesto Slipher (to whose family I am indebted for helping fund my undergraduate education through a scholarship set up at the University of Arizona in his honour) observed about 50 nearby galaxies, spreading their light out using a prism, and recording the results onto film.
		Slipher's represented a cosmic conundrum for astronomers of the day: Since the time of Copernicus, astronomy has presumed that we are not a special place in the Universe.
		Slipher's results remained a mystery until Edwin Hubble came along in the 1920s with the then world's most powerful telescope, the recently completed 100inch telescope on Mt.
	cfa-www.harvard.edu /cfa/oir/Research/supernova/newdata/universe.html (631 words)

	V.M. Slipher
		V.M. Slipher was born on November 11, 1875 in Mulberry, Indiana.
		In 1912, Slipher demonstrated the existence of interstellar dust with his discovery that a nebula in the constellation Pleiades near the star Merope shone by reflected starlight alone.
		Slipher was also involved in planetary astronomy, starting a spectrographic investigation of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune in the infrared in 1903.
	www.lowell.edu /Research/library/paper/vm_slipher.html (375 words)

	Slipher, Vesto Melvin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Slipher was born in Mulberry, Indiana, attended Indiana University, and in 1902 joined the Lowell Observatory in Arizona.
		Slipher measured the period of rotation for Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus.
		Slipher's measurements of the radial velocities of spiral nebulae 1912-25 suggested that they must be external to our Galaxy.
	cartage.org.lb /en/themes/biographies/MainBiographies/S/Slipher/1.html (187 words)

	Slipher, Vesto Melvin (1875-1969)
		Educated at the University of Indiana, Slipher spent his entire career at the Lowell Observatory (1902-1952), serving as its director from 1916 on.
		In 1912 Slipher obtained a set of spectrographs that indicated the Andromeda spiral was approaching the Sun with a velocity of 300 km/s.
		He was the brother of Earl Slipher, who also worked at the Lowell Observatory.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/S/Slipher_Vesto.html (305 words)

	Earl C. Slipher (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Earl Charles Slipher (March 25, 1883 – August 7, 1964) was an American astronomer.
		He was the brother of astronomer Vesto Slipher.
		Slipher crater on the Moon is named for Earl and Vesto Slipher and so is asteroid 1766 Slipher, discovered September 7, 1962, by the Indiana Asteroid Program.
	www.tocatch.info /en/Earl_C._Slipher.htm (98 words)

	A Science Odyssey: People and Discoveries: Hubble finds proof that the universe is expanding
		The second key was the work of Vesto Slipher, who had investigated the spiral nebulae, before Hubble's Andromeda discovery.
		Analyzing the light from the nebulae, Slipher found that nearly all of them appeared to be moving away from Earth.
		Slipher knew that a shift toward red suggested the body was moving rapidly away from the observer.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/aso/databank/entries/dp29hu.html (407 words)

	Vesto Slipher Summary
		When Vesto Slipher was born, it was commonly accepted that the universe was composed of a single galaxy.
		Slipher's work provided the foundation upon which other scientists, such as Edwin Powell Hubble, built a new theory of the universe.
		Vesto Slipher in the 1910s, but the world was largely unaware.
	www.bookrags.com /Vesto_Slipher (1128 words)

	The Bruce Medalists: Vesto M. Slipher
		“V.M.” Slipher was born in Indiana and educated at Indiana University.
		Using exposure times as long as 80 hours, he was the first to measure the enormous radial velocities of spiral nebulae; these data were later used and extended by Edwin P. Hubble to begin modern observational cosmology.
		Slipher discovered and measured the rotations of the spirals.
	phys-astro.sonoma.edu /BruceMedalists/Slipher/Slipher.html (248 words)

	The Hubble Diagram
		Meanwhile, on another continent, Vesto Slipher, an astronomer at the Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona, was finishing a detailed study of the night sky.
		Slipher knew that when an object's light was redshifted, it was moving away from Earth, and that the object's speed was proportional to the redshift.
		In 1929, Hubble compared his distances to Slipher's measurements of redshift and made a famous plot, which today is called a Hubble diagram.
	www.astrosmo.unam.mx /~r.gonzalez/sloan/default.asp (873 words)

	Orogin of the Earth and Solar System Geosci PS 1030
		Slipher had been studying the spiral nebulae (nebula = "cloud"), which we now understand to be galaxies (vast conglomerations of stars), but were then considered to be dust clouds in the process of forming solar systems like our own.
		Slipher was using the Doppler effect to document that the spiral nebulae were spinning.
		What he found was not only that the nebulae were spinning, but that most of them were also receding away from the earth (and therefore each other) at a very rapid rate (over 2 million miles per hour), as much as, based on the fact that their light was severely redshifted.
	faculty.weber.edu /bdattilo/shknbk/notes/orgn.htm (1608 words)

	Slipher, Vesto Melvin - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		This crucial discovery laid the foundation for Hubble's law and the theory of the expansion of the universe.
		His brother, Earl C. Slipher, 1883-1964, was a noted planetary astronomer who also worked at the Lowell Observatory.
		Find newspaper and magazine articles plus images and maps related to "Slipher, Vesto Melvin" at HighBeam.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-slipher.html (188 words)

	Vesto Melvin Slipher (1875-1969) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Vesto Melvin Slipher (November 11, 1875 - August 11, 1969)
		He also discovered the nature of reflection nebulae (also 1912), and investigated planetary atmospheres; e.g., he discovered methane in Neptune's atmosphere, and participated in the search for "Planet X," which resulted in the discovery of Pluto by Clyde W. Tombaugh.
		Vesto M. Slipher passed away on August 11, 1969 in Flagstaff, Arizona.
	www.seds.org /messier/xtra/Bios/slipher.html (134 words)

	NASA's Cosmos
		The radiation spectra of the giant planets at visible wavelengths photographed by Vesto M. Slipher at the Lowell Observatory in 1907.
		Slipher's work was discussed by Rupert Wildt in 1931, who interpreted some of the bands of Jupiter as absorption by ammonia and methane, the natural gas we use for cooking and heating.
		The wavelength scale at the top of the figure is in the Angstrom units that were in common use when Slipher took his observations; just divide these numbers by ten to get the wavelength in nanometers.
	ase.tufts.edu /cosmos/view_picture.asp?id=531 (134 words)

	Lecture 18 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Vesto Slipher (1875-1969), a member of Percival Lowell's observing team at the Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, began studying the spectrum of the Andromeda nebula (M31).
		Slipher found that M31's spectrum exhibits a significant shift in its position toward the blue.
		Slipher reported the radial velocities of 14 additional spirals, some of which, like M31, were moving towards us, others moving away.
	eee.uci.edu /clients/bjbecker/ExploringtheCosmos/lecture18.html (550 words)

	Language Log: Another Plutonian Casualty?
		When the name is announced on May 1 by Vesto Slipher, the Observatory's director, Venetia is given due credit for her suggestion.
		Slipher may also have wanted to reserve credit for the name to the Anglo-American sphere, rather than acknowledging that the Italians had come up with it first.
		But he certainly knew of Pickering's claim before he gave pride of place to Venetia, and that may have given him another motive for crediting her with the suggestion, foreclosing speculation that the name was borrowed from Pickering.
	itre.cis.upenn.edu /~myl/languagelog/archives/003511.html#more (1067 words)

	The Expanding Universe (Cosmology: Ideas)
		Then he realized that for nebulae with their extended surfaces, in contrast to the point images of stars, the critical instrumental factor was not telescope size (rival Lick Observatory in California had a much larger telescope) but camera "speed" — the exposure time needed to photograph spectra of nebulae.
		Slipher made more observations, exposing the same photographic plate over multiple nights (for example, 29, 30, and 31 December 1912).
		Slipher had calculated velocities by using the rule that the frequency of light observed will change if the source of the light is moving rapidly away — but perhaps this was an illusion.
	www.aip.org /history/exhibits/cosmology/ideas/expanding.htm (2656 words)

	Astronomy - The Origins of the Universe
		Between 1912 and 1928, astronomer Vesto Slipher used a technique called photographic spectroscopy-the measurement of light spread out into bands by using prisms or diffraction gratings-to examine a number of diffuse, fuzzy patches.
		Slipher, who did his work at Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona, found that in the vast majority of his measurements the spectral lines appeared at longer, or redder, wavelengths.
		From this he inferred that the galaxies exhibiting such "red shifts" were moving away from Earth, a conclusion he based on the Doppler effect.
	www.nsf.gov /about/history/nsf0050/astronomy/origins.htm (1340 words)

	What’s Up - 365 Days of Skywatching » Saturday, November 11, 2006
		His name was Vesto Slipher, who spent some very quality time with the 60″ and 100″ telescopes on Mt. Wilson.
		Slipher was the first to photograph galaxy spectra and measure their redshifts, which led to the discovery of the expansion of the universe by Edwin Hubble.
		In 1912, Slipher analyzed it spectroscopically to discover its blue shift: “The magnitude of this velocity, which is the greatest hitherto observed, raises the question whether the velocity-like displacement might not be due to some other cause, but I believe we have at the moment no other interpretation for it.
	www.astrowhatsup.com /2006/11/11/saturday-november-11-2006 (290 words)

	Astronomy@Kirkwood IC: Hubble's Law (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In 1912 Vesto Slipher began measuring spectra of the class of objects known as spiral nebulae.
		In the mid-1920s Hubble and his assistant Milton Humason replicated Slipher's work by photographing the spectra of about two dozen galaxies using the 100-inch Hooker reflecting telescope on the summit of Mount Wilson near Pasadena, California.
		They used a variety of techniques to determine the distances to the galaxies, but the most astounding discovery came in 1929 when Hubble combined his spectral data with the distance determinations and found that the majority of galaxies seemed to be receding from our Milky Way at velocities that were proportional to their distances.
	www.avalon.net /~bstuder/hubble_lab.html (1498 words)

	Vesto Melvin Slipher - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre
		Vesto Melvin Slipher (11 de noviembre de 1875 – 8 de noviembre de 1969) fue un astrónomo estadounidense.
		Su hermano, Earl C. Slipher también fue astrónomo.
		Slipher nació en Mulberry, Indiana, y estudió en la Universidad de Indiana.
	es.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vesto_Slipher (177 words)

	Astronomy@Kirkwood IC: The Birth of Cosmology
		From 1912 to 1914, Vesto Slipher measured spectra of the class of objects known as spiral nebulae while working at the Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona.
		To his surprise he discovered that of 14 nebulae analyzed, 12 exhibited spectra shifted towards the red end of the spectrum.
		Either he was unaware of Slipher's measured recession velocities of a few years earlier or believed the small sample size was insufficient to demonstrate an expanding universe.
	www.avalon.net /~bstuder/cosmology1.html (782 words)

	The Tufts Daily (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Vesto Productions' first substantial work was the well-received President Bacow Inauguration video, based on the style of a documentary shown at the Academy Awards.
		In a letter endorsing Vesto's project, Furth stated that he views the project as an opportunity to "educate the medical, therapeutic, and lay public about the syndrome." After securing a $5,000 grant based on their film proposal from the Provost's Office, Keefe and Wang-Iverson began pre-production on their film.
		Vesto has obtained the rights to footage of Johnny Physical, as he was known, from renowned filmmaker Albert Mayles, director of the highly acclaimed Rolling Stones documentary Gimme Shelter.
	tuftsdaily.lunarpages.com /articleDisplay.jsp?a_id=2135 (1104 words)

	Hubble's Law & Cosmology Page 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Percival Lowell was spearheading the search for life on other planets, and he wondered if some of the nebulae were solar systems in the process of being formed.
		He assigned a young astronomer, Vesto Slipher, to the task of photographing spectra from the nebulae.
		Slipher noticed the huge red-shift in many of the lines, and from that deciphered that these objects were receding from us at huge speeds.
	gln.dcccd.edu /bbastronomy2/astronomy02/galaxy/hubble2.htm (437 words)

	The Universe
		Through his telescope, he examined several of faint, fuzzy objects called "nebulae," from the Greek word for "cloud." He discovered that light given off by the nebulae was redder than it should have been.
		Slipher knew that when an object's light looked too red, that meant it was moving away from Earth.
		In 1929, Hubble compared his distances to Slipher's measurements of light and made a plot, which today is called a Hubble diagram.
	skyserver.sdss.org /dr1/en/proj/basic/universe (1076 words)

	Algebra in Astronomy!!
		Vesto Melvin Slipher studies of planets led to the determination of rotation periods and the finding of molecules in different planet’s atmospheres.
		He also was in charge of the team that was looking to find the ninth planet.
		Slipher won the Bruce Medal for his findings and he could not have done it without the help of algebra.
	www.angelfire.com /moon/samb/Famous.html (290 words)

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