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Topic: Viability

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	Fetal Viability By Franklin Foer
		The Supreme Court ruled that states cannot put the interests of a fetus ahead of the interests of the pregnant woman until the fetus is "viable." The court defined viable to mean capable of prolonged life outside the mother's womb.
		Because the point of viability varies, the court ruled, it could only be determined case by case and by the woman's own doctor.
		The court said that state laws could require a woman and her doctor to perform tests to prove that a fetus is not viable before she obtains an abortion.
	www.slate.com /id/1060 (1003 words)

	Viability, Survivability, and Fetal Pain
		The legal definition of viability is "capable of independent existence." This definition is too broad; it covers many people to whom it was initially intended to refer.
		Really by this definition viability isn't reached until at least the teenage years, and can be lost again through a coma, stroke, or other medical problem.
		Viability has traditionally been used to determine the ethical justification of abortion, though this is wrong.
	www.abortioninfo.net /facts/viabilityessay.shtml (925 words)

	Population Viability Analysis Conference: Abstracts
		Through the Population and Habitat Viability Assessment workshop process, we are attempting to augment the standard PVA approach by working to expand stakeholder involvement and to incorporate quantitative estimates of human population growth and land use projections into the modeling process.
		Population viability analyses are applied to the variable results to determine population variability and the risk of explosion or extinction.
		Population viability analyses (PVAs) are being performed on five goose populations in Scotland - the Icelandic population of the greylag goose (Anser anser), the pink-footed goose (Anser brachyrhyncus), the Greenland white-fronted goose (Anser albifrons flavirostris), and the barnacle goose (Branta leucopsis, both Greenland and Svalbard populations).
	www.tws-west.org /pvaabstracts.html (19576 words)

	Viability
		A fetus is defined as being viable if it has the ability to "potentially able to live outside the mother's womb [that is, can survive], albeit with artificial help." The most common argument in support of legalized abortion is that a fetus is purely a piece of the mother.
		However it is absurd to think that this is true if the fetus is not only individual but also can live without his or her mother.
		Now viability continues to be pushed further and further back in the pregnancy and is now as early as nineteen weeks.
	www.abortioninfo.net /facts/development4.shtml (335 words)

	Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: SID - Seed Viability (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The viability equations were developed from the 1960’s onwards and underpin all seed conservation practices.
		They predict the proportion of seeds in a population that are viable after any period of storage in a wide range of environments and are of use to both seed bank managers and researchers investigating seed longevity.
		The viability equations are mathematical models that have been developed to predict seed storage life in different environments.
	www.rbgkew.org.uk /sid/viability (1667 words)

	A Short Introduction to Population Viability Analysis
		Population viability analysis (PVA) is a process of identifying the threats faced by a species and evaluating the likelihood that it will persist for a given time into the future.
		Population viability analysis is often oriented towards the conservation and management of rare and threatened species, with the goal of applying the principles of population ecology to improve their chances of survival.
		The most appropriate model structure for a population viability analysis depends on the availability of data, the essential features of the ecology of the species or metapopulation, and the kinds of questions that the managers of the population need to answer.
	www.ramas.com /pva.htm (1503 words)

	Myocardial Viability (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Irreversible dysfunction is due to scar while reversible dysfunction is due to viable myocardium that is either stunned or hibernating (or both).
		Coronary revascularization in patients with viable myocardium has resulted in improvement in left ventricular wall motion, ejection fraction, and improvement in functional class and prognosis.
		Viability studies are most useful in patients with severe LV dysfunction who do not have disabling angina and who may be asymptomatic or may present with congestive heart failure.
	webcampus.med.drexel.edu /cme/medicine/ncardiac/mv.htm (503 words)

	Late-Term Abortions: Legal Considerations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In the second trimester—or more specifically, prior to the viability of the fetus—the Court ruled that states could impose only those regulations that were reasonably related to the protection of the woman's health.
		The Court pointedly observed that while it was reasonable and convenient in 1973 to refer to the point of viability as occurring at the beginning of the third trimester, potential medical advances made the timing of viability subject to change.
		Thus, the Supreme Court made it clear that the determination of viability, which depends on a variety of individual factors, must be left to the professional judgment of the individual physician.
	www.agi-usa.org /pubs/ib13.html (2008 words)

	FindLaw for Legal Professionals - Case Law, Federal and State Resources, Forms, and Code
		Franklin, 439 U.S. -389, stating that the viability determination is, and must be, a matter for the responsible attending physician's judgment.
		After viability, when the State's interest in potential human life was held to become compelling, the State "may, if it chooses, regulate, and even proscribe, abortion except where it is necessary, in appropriate medical judgment, for the preservation of the life or health of the mother." Id., at 165.
		Hence, prior to viability, the State may not seek to further this interest by directly restricting a woman's decision whether or not to terminate her pregnancy"); id., at 389 ("Viability is the critical point.
	caselaw.lp.findlaw.com /scripts/getcase.pl?court=us&vol=492&invol=490 (13878 words)

	Rural and Remote Health Journal - View Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Conclusions: Practice viability is a major factor affecting the attractiveness of rural and remote practice for intending and existing GPs.
		Although a primary component of practice viability is economic, with income from consultations being critical, the importance of the interrelationships between the main viability factors should not be underestimated.
		Practice viability in rural and remote communities is a critical aspect of ensuring the access of residents to primary medical and health care.
	rrh.deakin.edu.au /articles/subviewnew.asp?ArticleID=305 (3511 words)

	Notes on seed viability
		Beginning seed collectors often shred a flower head in order to extract the seeds, not realizing that the most viable seeds are positioned around the outer perimeter of the head.
		Zero is a reasonable expectation because your technique may be poor, or the seed's viability may have been reduced to zero since the germination tests, either because of poor handling and exposure to heat, moisture or time, or because of "proper" handling which is incorrect for that particular seed.
		Finally, it slows the gradual loss of viability in seeds which are not dormant.
	tomclothier.hort.net /page16.html (1433 words)

	Economic viability, critical requirement for sustainable forest management
		These are some of the conclusions of the 2005 edition of The State of the World's Forests (SOFO 2005), a report presented by FAO this week to about 100 heads of national forestry agencies at the international Committee on Forestry.
		"Economic viability in a broad sense is necessary to enable wider adoption of sustainable forest management," said Hosny El-Lakany, Assistant Director-General of the FAO Forestry Department.
		17 March 2005, Rome - Economic viability, including the environmental and social benefits deriving from forests, is a pre-requisite for wider adoption of sustainable forest management practices, FAO said today.
	www.fao.org /newsroom/en/news/2005/100241 (616 words)

	Scholarly Associations and the Economic Viability of Open Access Publishing: Willinsky: JoDI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		While the decision to publish journals in an open access format is by no means simply an economic one, the viability of open access publishing warrants serious consideration by scholarly associations that are currently determining what this new medium may mean for the circulation of knowledge.
		While advertising revenue may not be viable for many disciplines, author fees might be thought of as reconstituting membership dues for a scholarly society (while allowing exemptions for authors from, for example, developing nations).
		While open access is an economically viable alternative to charging users and readers, the scholarly associations still have substantial issues to work out, in dropping print versions, curbing the loss of membership, and settling contractual obligations to corporate and university presses.
	jodi.ecs.soton.ac.uk /Articles/v04/i02/Willinsky (6827 words)

	TVS - Journal of Tissue Viability (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Journal of Tissue Viability is published quarterly by the Tissue Viability Society.
		The Journal of Tissue Viability is now in its fifteenth year, and before that the Tissue Viability Society published Care - Science and Practice from 1981 to 1990.
		The scientific and clinical content of the Journal of Tissue Viability is managed by an Editor and prominent Editorial Board, with all submitted manuscripts subject to review by at least two referees.
	www.tvs.org.uk /standard.asp?id=104 (228 words)

	Virtue Epistemology [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		First, it must show that there is a unified set of substantive philosophical issues and questions to be pursued in connection with the intellectual virtues and their role in the intellectual life.
		But without seeing the issues and questions he touches on developed and addressed in considerably more detail, it is difficult to tell whether they really could support a genuine alternative approach to epistemology and whether the intellectual virtues would really be the main focus of such an approach.
		It follows that the viability of virtue responsibilism remains at least to some extent an open question.
	www.iep.utm.edu /v/VirtueEp.htm (6365 words)

	The Economic Viability of Mars Colonization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The economic viability of colonizing Mars is examined.
		To be viable, a real Martian civilization must be either completely autarchic (very unlikely until the far future) or be able to produce some kind of export that allows it to pay for the imports it requires.
		The feasibility or lack thereof of terraforming Mars is thus in a sense a corollary to the economic viability of the Martian colonization effort.
	www.aleph.se /Trans/Tech/Space/mars.html (7344 words)

	Influence of 17{beta}-Estradiol, Progesterone, and Dexamethasone on Diapedesis and Viability of Bovine Blood ...
		and progesterone on the viability of migrated PMN.
		A. Influence of treatment on the number of viable PMN migrated through different cell layers (numbers are means ± SEM).
		Influence of sex steroid hormones and diapedesis on the viability of bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
	www.dairy-science.org /cgi/content/full/87/10/3340 (4618 words)

	Viability amsouth bank Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Viability Amsouth Bank are great for when you're looking to get better at viability amsouth bank for selfish purposes.
		If you need help locating viability amsouth bank then you've come to the right place because we have all the viability amsouth bank you could want.
		This list is then researched on a fundamental basis to evaluate the viability of continued earnings growth and to uncover influential...
	bank.5infolock7.info /huntington-national-bank/viability-amsouth-bank.html (312 words)

	Radionuclide techniques for the assessment of myocardial viability and hibernation -- Bax et al. 90 (Supplement 5): v26 ...
		Assessment of myocardial viability by dobutamine echocardiography, positron emission tomography and thallium-201 SPECT: correlation with histopathology in explanted hearts.
		Assessment of myocardial viability in patients with chronic coronary artery disease.
		Myocardial viability during dobutamine echocardiography predicts survival in patients with coronary artery disease and severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction.
	heart.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/90/suppl_5/v26 (4906 words)

	Invitrogen - Molecular Probes - BioProbes 34 - Viability Assays for Eukaryotic Cells
		The stains used to determine cell viability in the LIVE/DEAD Reduced Biohazard Viability/Cytotoxicity Kit #1 (L-7013) remain in place after your sample is treated with 4% glutaraldehyde, allowing for safer handling during subsequent analysis.
		Using this kit, you can assess sperm viability by flow cytometry or by fluorescence microscopy (Figure 16); both techniques allow you to assess live and dead cells simultaneously.
		Protocols are included for assaying the viability of fungal cell suspensions using a fluorescence microscope (Figure 17), a fluorescence microplate reader or a fluorometer.
	probes.invitrogen.com /lit/bioprobes34/section5.html (736 words)

	Post-viability abortions
		Viability in the second trimester at equal gestational age is higher for heavier babies, African-American compared to Caucasians, and females, though these differences become less important in the third trimester and race is reversed by term and weight over ten pounds is a liability.
		This article was from the pre-surfactant era (cases were from Jan 1983-Jan 1987) when viability was not even being reported under 23 weeks, and the 2 of 13 cases at 23 and 24 weeks were among the first 4 listed, and presumably also occurred before the first reports on viability at these ages.
		Well, today a baby of that age is viable, but 2000 years ago there were no ventilators or IV hyperalimentation or other equipment needed to keep a baby born that prematurely alive.
	www.ppl.org /PJune_PostViability_2001.html (11674 words)

	MDAR - Programs - Farm Viability Program
		The Farm Viability Enhancement Program helps farmers keep their families on the land and keep sprawl from consuming their farms.
		Ten were participants in our second “renewal” offering whereby previous Program participants with covenants due to expire in the next few years, were given the opportunity to update their business plans and renew covenant agreements for an additional 5 or 10-year period.
		Since the Farm Viability Program was initiated in 1996, 294 farms have been selected to participate in the program with 264 completing the business-planning phase.
	www.mass.gov /agr/programs/farmviability (424 words)

	RFC 1669 (rfc1669) - Market Viability as a IPng Criteria
		In order to determine market viability of new internetworking technology, it's necessary to compare the required deployment effort against the potential benefits as seen by the customer.
		"Viability in the Marketplace" is an important requirement for any IPng candidate and this paper is an attempt to summarize some important factors in determing market viability of IPng proposals.
		As currently envisioned, IPng may not be ambitious enough in the delivery of new capabilities to compete against IPv4 and the inevitable arrival of network address translation devices.
	www.faqs.org /rfcs/rfc1669.html (1083 words)

	3G Viability Assessment 7-22-2002
		To determine the viability of accommodating the use of advanced commercial mobile services, the IG3GPG identified the spectrum requirements of the incumbent users, analyzed the possibility of relocating incumbent users to other bands (including associated costs), and, where relocation of federal systems was not possible, analyzed methods of sharing spectrum.
		To assess the viability of relocating federal non-military fixed systems from the 1710-1755 MHz band, NTIA ran a computer program, Spectrum XXI, which nominates frequencies for assignment based on the technical parameters of the subject system.
		The FCC agreed to study the viability of the 2110-2170 MHz band to accommodate advanced wireless systems, and the Federal Government would study the 1710-1770 MHz band.
	www.ntia.doc.gov /ntiahome/threeg/va7222002/3Gva072202web.htm (9827 words)

	Pack Viability (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Viability testing will be combined with seed selection, re-packaging, barcode...
		The job of the tissue viability nurse specialist is to establish, maintain and co-ordinate a trust wide tissue...
		Pack Viability • More about survival kits • Interesting topics about wilderness tools • What you have to know about survival kits • Important news about survival kits • Some other survival kits items • Further topics about wilderness tools • wilderness tools and survival kits • wilderness tools and more...
	www.survivalkitx.com /1/pack-viability.php (1265 words)

	How to Save the World
		It's been my experience that most businesses put insufficient work into the viability assessment, the wrong kind of thinking into the business formation decisions, and too much emphasis on the details of the operating model, and hence on 'micromanaging' the operations to ensure they conform to the operating plan.
		The reason for insufficient work on viability assessment is that it's tedious, and the people who are championing the idea have already concluded that it's viable.
		As obvious as this is, it had never occurred to me that, beyond creating community self-sufficiency in energy, food (as much as climate permits), and health/biotech, the way to create a viable community is to focus on meeting that community's own needs, not the needs of the world at large.
	blogs.salon.com /0002007 (6329 words)

	Prevalence of myocardial viability assessed by single photon emission computed tomography in patients with chronic ...
		Prevalence of myocardial viability assessed by single photon emission computed tomography in patients with chronic ischaemic left ventricular dysfunction -- Schinkel et al.
		In viable myocardium, perfusion was normal in 57% of dysfunctional segments, mildly reduced in 32%, moderately reduced in 10%, and severely reduced or absent in 1%.
		Prevalence of myocardial viability as detected by positron emission tomography in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy.
	heart.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/88/2/125 (3681 words)

	Chapter 13-Viability
		Can you use viability as a measure of when the baby is human and therefore has the right to live?
		Accordingly, in 1869 the British changed their law, dropped the felony punishment back to conception, and the two-tier punishment policy was eliminated.
		Any lawmaker today who supports protecting babies’ lives only after viability is still living in the middle ages, in pre-scientific times.
	www.catholic.net /rcc/loveboth/chapter13.html (956 words)

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