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Topic: Vibrato

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	The Vibrato Page
		A constant vibrato is the hallmark of the modern classical violinist.
		The debate rages on at the Flute Vibrato Forum, which also has a number of flute links.
		This is the style of music which is frequently played with vibrato by modern performers, although, at the time it was composed, vibrato was used only as a type of ornament.
	www.standingstones.com /vibrtopg.html (489 words)

	Vibrato - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Vibrato is a musical effect where the pitch or frequency of a note or sound is quickly and repeatedly raised and lowered over a small distance for the duration of that note or sound.
		Confusingly, vibrato is sometimes referred to as tremolo, notably in the context of a tremolo arm of an electric guitar, although true tremolo is a periodic fluctuation in the amplitude (rather than the frequency) of a sound.
		A precursor to vibrato was the trillo (not to be confused with a trill), used in vocal music in the early 17th century, where a singer would rapidly repeat the same note on one syllable.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vibrato (1379 words)

	JNL 4: A CINEFLUOROGRAPHIC PILOT STUDY OF THE THROAT WHILE VIBRATO TONES ARE PLAYED ON FLUTE AND OBOE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Vibrato is generally believed to be produced on woodwind instruments by using one of three sets of muscles: those of the abdomen and diaphragm, of the throat, and of the lip of jaw.
		The extent of the aryepiglottic fold movement in the vibrato sections of tone was greater than movement in the nonvibrato sections by three to five millimeters indicating greater arytenoid activity during vibrato.
		This indicated a definite modulation of intensity during vibrato, which was probably a result of the air column being modulated by the vocal folds, changing the speed and volume of air into the oral cavity.
	www.zainea.com /vibrato.htm (3371 words)

	The Harp Reference: Throat Vibrato
		Vibrato and tremolo and two terms that are often used, misused, and interchanged, and different people have different ideas about the distinctions and similarities between the two terms, techniques, and effects.
		Vibrato is slight fluctuations of pitch produced by a slight wavering movement of part of the embouchure affecting the air stream.
		Throat vibrato is one of the best things you can do to improve your tone, your control over the notes you play, and your focus on the connection between your playing and the response of the reeds.
	www.angelfire.com /tx/myquill/Vibrato.html (2962 words)

	Vibrato (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Vibrato as it is used by modern flutists developed in late Nineteenth Century France.
		Julius Baker termed this fast narrow vibrato "spinning the sound." Listen to him playing the opening to the second movement of the Debussy Sonata, and the same passage 300% slower.
		The width of the vibrato is controlled by the extent to which the glottal (choking) muscle in the throat is exercised.
	hometown.aol.com /johnwion/vibrato.html (1032 words)

	Vibrato: ViolinTips.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Vibrato should be introduced around the time you begin to play generally in tune, and are able to hear and correct when you are out of tune.
		The basic vibrato (arm vibrato) is achieved by moving the arm at the elbow away from and toward your body so that the finger which has been placed on the fingerboard rocks on the string, minutely changing the pitch.
		Vibrato was initially used in the Baroque era (1650-1750 AD and perhaps earlier) as an ornament to the legato sound of the string instrument.
	www.violintips.com /info/vibrato.html (1776 words)

	Dwayne's Singing Page: Why You Should Never Use Vibrato
		Vibrato in singers, as I'm sure some of you are aware, is the word used to describe the sound that emanates from a singer's mouth that is literally a going up and down in pitch and volume when a given note is being held.
		Vibrato also occurs in other instruments as well, but must be forced by the instrumental player, and unlike singing, there is usually no variation in the pitch, though there is one in the volume.
		Christy stated that vibrato is "one of the qualities we look for in a voice, whether we know it or not." Recognizing that my musical tastes have changed as my level of skill has increased, I truly can't say what I felt about vibrato before I knew what it was.
	notsosynonymous.tripod.com /sing/vibrato.html (1494 words)

	Vibrato (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		It is a topic characterised by disagreements, and not just from this century, although one certainty appears to be that the modern usage of continuous vibrato on violins, violas and cellos was influenced by such violinists as Joseph Joachim and Fritz Kreisler in the early part of the twentieth century.
		The French viol players introduced a sign for vibrato, which was necessary as the two-finger vibrato came into fashion, and some method was needed to distinguish between that the the single finger shake.
		Judicious use of vibrato as an ornament, particularly on long notes in slow movements was considered delightful, and it was important that the speed and execution of the vibrato should suit the mood or affect of the music.
	www.saraband.com.au /vibrato.htm (1660 words)

	Saxophone Vibrato Basics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Vibrato is an essential expressive element of the saxophone sound, and is a concept that can and should be taught to all intermediate and advanced high school students, and perhaps even very advanced junior high school students.
		However, teachers should ensure when instructing a student to use vibrato that he or she has the basic mechanics of the horn well established, is already producing a pleasing sound, and can play relatively well in tune.
		Vibrato on the saxophone is accomplished by very slight up-and-down motions with the jaw, not with the diaphragm or the throat as on various other wind instruments.
	www.tsmp.org /band/utley/utley5.html (739 words)

	Vibrato and the Physics of the Clarinet
		If vibrato on the clarinet actually did produce some observable, measurable phenomena that caused "displeasure" to human beings in general, then it follows that over large representative random samplings of people, the percentage of people that found vibrato "displeasing" should be a constant.
		The perceived intonation of a note with vibrato is the average pitch of the vibrato.
		I believe that vibrato, in all its forms, used both subtly and overtly, big and small, wide and narrow, fast and slow, is an essential tool in playing the clarinet, without which one can achieve only a small fraction of the expressive capabilities of the clarinet.
	www.woodwind.org /clarinet/Study/Vibrato.html (3653 words)

	Oboe Vibrato
		Vibrato on the oboe is like a vocal vibrato: it is the natural result of a mature and efficient tone production technique.
		Thus, the placement of the vibrato the long-standing rivalry between "throat" and "diaphragm" vibratos is largely imaginary.
		At around four pulses per second, a sympathic vibrato will begin to be felt around the larynx the student will perceive it at the very bottom of the neck where it meets the chest.
	www.public.asu.edu /~schuring/Oboe/vibrato.html (664 words)

	The Harp Reference: Throat Vibrato
		Diaphragm vibrato and throat vibrato are closely related, while hand vibrato is achieved by opening and closing the hands to vary the air seal cup at the back of the harp.
		Diaphragm vibrato primarily makes use of the diaphragm for altering the amount of air flowing through the harp, which provides a rhythmic pulsing of volume from softer to louder to softer.
		Throat vibrato may be the most emotional of the vibratos by making use of pitch changes as well as volume changes.
	www.angelfire.com /tx/myquill/ThroatVibrato.html (555 words)

	Tremolo or "Real" Vibrato
		Vibrato is a variation of pitch, a fluctuation of frequency, applied to a sound of constant amplitude.
		In an electronic organ, as well as introducing vibrato by changing the oscillator frequency, it can be achieved by moving the loudspeaker assembly or by using a baffle that has the same effect by changing the distance the sound wave has to travel to escape into the room.
		Thus the wave delivered to the loudspeaker may be pure tremolo, for example, but before it has left the diaphragm very far, it will have components of vibrato in it as well because of the phase shifts that occur as the various component-frequency waves travel across the room, or vice versa.
	www.vibroworld.com /magnatone/vibrato.html (1490 words)

	Vibrato
		I selectively use vibrato in virtually all styles of music, depending on the particular piece and the nature of the passage in question.
		Further, my use of vibrato is not always limited to solo passages, but is occasionally employed in ensemble passages to provide a shimmering background for whatever solo is going on at the time.
		My use of vibrato began in 1963 in my last year of high school, when I was studying horn with Frank Brouk, then principal in the Chicago Symphony.
	www.hornplanet.com /hornpage/museum/articles/vibrato.html (1280 words)

	Sax Vibrato --Online Saxophone Lessons by Ryan Fraser
		Vibrato is extremely tricky to teach and learn without "being in the flesh".
		Since vibrato is little more than regular changes in pitch, it is actually a very simple thing to do, once you get the hang of it.
		When he or she starts the vibrato, it will be very wide, and quickly get faster and narrower, and often disappears completely before the note has finished.
	www.ryanfraser.com /lessons/advanced/vibrato.html (1161 words)

	Understanding Vibrato
		I define vibrato as a "slight variation of pitch resulting from the free oscillation of the vocal cords".
		A wide vibrato is usually a lack of proper "resistance of the breath pressure" or a lack of "focus in the tone".
		I have found that vibrato comes into the voice when the singer achieves proper balance in the "support muscles" and when the singer keeps the feeling of the "u" vowel in the pharynx.
	www.voiceteacher.com /vibrato.html (1468 words)

	All Things Strings:Strings101
		When the vibrato is beautiful, the result is a note or a phrase that exudes emotion.
		Young suggests that a student who is beginning to use vibrato find the finger and the note that is most beautiful and use it as a model for the other notes.
		It is "the high point" of a player's training and marks "the transformation of the straight tone so characteristic of the rookie player into the rich, warm tone usually associated with the instrument," she says.
	www.stringsmagazine.com /issues/Strings109/strings101.html (1460 words)

	RE: no science....ONLY OBOE VIBRATO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Vibrato gives your tone life and can greatly aid in effecting the expression of a variety of moods through your instrument.
		I believe you can use vibrato when playing a line with other instruments (just watch any string section in an orchestra), but the way you use vibrato in a tutti section versus how it is used in a solo are different.
		Also, as your use of vibrato becomes more natural, you will find that in any given phrase there may be short notes which need a very subtle vibrato.
	www.wfg.woodwind.org /BBoard/read.html?id=4124 (488 words)

	Vibrato
		Jaw vibrato - accomplished with a downward motion of the jaw while a note is sustained as if you mouth "ya ya ya" or "yo yo yo", etc. Some people do a variation of this, using the tongue while keeping the vowel formant constant.
		If the chairwoman of the fund raising commitee, who is known to prefer a wide vibrato, is in the audience with fifty of her closest friends, it is a percentage wager that her listening experience that night will include some wide vibrato.
		The move away from vibrato was, he suggests, a mostly German thing in the second half of the nineteenth century (Wagner and his conductor-acolytes most prominently), from where it migrated along with German horn players to England and America.
	www.hornplayer.net /archive/a151.html (1834 words)

	Vibrato: Excerpts from The NPR Classical Music Companion
		The accomplished string player has many types of vibrato at his or her command, covering an enormous range of fine gradations and possible combinations of speed and width.
		Vibrato is thus one of the string player's best tools for varying the sound, for changing tone quality and intensity from phrase to phrase or even from note to note within a phrase.
		A certain amount of vibrato is an integral component of most flutists' sounds.) In general, jazz and pop wind players make much greater use of vibrato than their classical colleagues.
	www.kennedy-center.org /nso/classicalmusiccompanion/vibrato.html (575 words)

	Beginning vibrato...a question - www.ezboard.com
		First of all there is the vibrato that one stuck for a performance on a Kay cello must push to get decent sound and projection - you don't want to have to do that too often.
		The rolled forearm creates a vibrato much like that of a pure violin wrist vibrato, a perfectly legitimate vibrato, in my opinion, for some effects, especially when playing softly and sweetly, but probably limited to a small range of vibrato speed and width for most (not all) people.
		As a violinist, a rolled cello vibrato always seemed a wonderful thing to me because it was such a natural motion and achieved a type of sound that I found very difficult to get on the violin below the third position.
	www.cello.org /heaven/mbarchs/jan21/begvibe.htm (513 words)

	Vibrato as ornament vs. Continuous Vibrato
		A discussion of the ideal "natural" vibrato, however, hinges on the perception of the vibrato as either an ornament or a continuous presence in the voice.
		The question...is whether or not a continuous vibrato is a natural component of the voice which is trying to meet the technical and aesthetic demands of western music of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
		Kelly explains that, as a voice develops the range and agility required of performers of Baroque music, continuous vibrato naturally emerges; he goes on to point out that not a single modern performer "who is known for his/her coloratura does not have a continuous vibrato".
	ladyviola1593.tripod.com /musichistory/id2.html (359 words)

	thumb placement during vibrato - Discussion Forums
		I have read all of the articles I can find on vibrato, and tried to follow their instructions like "stay loose", "relax", no tension, etc. But none of them that I have found have addressed the exact thumb placement, especially in the different positions.
		For example my vibrato, is different from my teacher's (mine comes from the wrist, while his is an arm vibrato) but he still gives my excersises to make it better.
		Should vibrato be equivalent to some pattern of notes in a measure, e.g.
	www.stringsmagazine.com /ubb/Forum1/HTML/000611.html (817 words)

	Sax Appeal: Sax: Technique: Vibrato (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Vibrato is the wavering or pulsating of a tone when controlled by the musician.
		Jazz vibrato is used at the very end of a sustained note.
		Saxophone vibrato is made by flattening the pitch which results in the wavering sound.
	www.geocities.com /BourbonStreet/Delta/9590/sax/technique/vibrato.html (240 words)

	Vibrato Effects on Tuning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Vibrato is primarily a frequency modulation and in some instances a frequency modulation in relative strengths of the harmonics.
		If, however, the vibrato becomes excessive - ala Burt Lahr as the Cowardly Lion - with pitch variation that covers the span of several notes, the amplitude of the central fixed frequency erodes away and the strength of the side bands grows to become dominant.
		During the "hanger" the lead is free to introduce expressive vibrato during the solo and to reduce or even eliminate the vibrato when the harmony parts join in.
	www.spebsqsa.org /web/groups/public/documents/pages/pub_id_038264.hcsp (604 words)

	Music Preview: PSO clarinetist votes 'no' on vibrato for classical works
		Even though the piece was written in 1948 for jazz clarinetist Benny Goodman, who premiered it with his own gentle vibrato, PSO principal clarinetist Rusinek said he won't be using one, partly because he doesn't really consider the concerto a jazz piece.
		But after vibrato spread through most of the orchestra, the clarinet, for some reason, became one of the only instruments where it continued to be shunned.
		The clarinet vibrato controversy is obviously not on most people's radar at all, and even many classical music fans may not be aware of the no-vibrato bias.
	www.post-gazette.com /magazine/20010131clarinet4.asp (1344 words)

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