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Topic: Viceroy Butterfly

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	Monarch Viceroy Puzzle
		At one time, the relationship between the Monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) and the Viceroy butterfly (Limenitis archippus) was considered a clear textbook example of the evolutionary strategy of Batesian mimicry.
		The Viceroy, which is territorial, overwinters in its home environment at the first and second growth stages (instars) of the caterpillar, in a form of hibernation (diapause).
		The Viceroy caterpillar resembles a bird dropping; the Monarch is striped orange, yellow, and fl, with horns on both the head and tail.
	www.iscid.org /encyclopedia/Monarch_Viceroy_Puzzle (859 words)

	Monarch Butterfly Mobile, garden art, yard art, nature gifts
		Butterfly and moth eggs vary greatly in size, shape, pattern and colour, all of them carrying certain characteristics of the species in question, but they are all spherical or ovate.
		Butterflies are often confused with moths, but there are a few simple differences between them, including colour, habits, and pupating appearance.The large majority of moths are nocturnal or crepuscular (active at dawn and dusk), while there are no nocturnal butterflies.
		Butterflies are attracted by the scent, shape and color of flowers, so planting an assortment of flowers is the easiest way to attract the widest variety of butterflies.
	www.flyingmobiles.com /html/mobiles/bf01.htm (1684 words)

	Viceroy Butterfly
		The Viceroy’s markings, very similar to those of the Monarch butterfly were once thought to mimic those of the poisonous Monarch as a protection from predators.
		Viceroys can be found from Canada to Northern Mexico, Pacific to Atlantic in moist areas around lakes, swamps, thickets, wet meadows and rural areas.
		As the Viceroy glides its wings are fully extended while the Monarch’s are at a distinct angle.
	gardencentral.org /kentucky/vicroybutterfly (491 words)

	West Virginia DNR - The Monarch Butterfly (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The monarch butterfly is primarily an American butterfly occurring from Canada to South America, although absent from Alaska and much of the Pacific Northwest.
		This butterfly is generally found in association with the milkweed plant, particularly in rich meadows, weedy fields and near waterways.
		The monarch butterfly serves as a model for its mimic, the viceroy butterfly.
	www.wvdnr.gov /Wildlife/Butterflies.shtm (842 words)

	Viceroy Butterfly (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The upperside of the viceroy is orange and fl, and looks a lot like the monarch butterfly, except the viceroy has a fl line across the hindwing and a single row of white dots in the fl band on the edges of their wings.
		Originally it was thought that viceroy butterflies did not have a bad taste to birds and other predators, but recent studies suggest that, like the monarch, this species is distasteful to birds.
		Viceroy butterflies live from the Northwest Territories of Canada, south along the eastern edges of the Cascade and Sierra Nevada mountains and into central Mexico.
	www.ivyhall.district96.k12.il.us /4th/kkhp/1insects/viceroy.html (524 words)

	VICEROY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Viceroy is found from southern Canada and New England south to Georgia and Mississippi, west from eastern Colorado and Montana to Washington State.
		The Viceroy commonly inhabits riverbeds, wet meadows, marshes, drainage and irrigation ditches and gallery forests, wherever willow, poplar and aspen occur.
		The eggs of the Viceroy are ovoid but flattened near their point at attachment to the foodplant and pale green or pale yellow, turning grayish later.
	www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca /end_species/species/viceroy.html (734 words)

	Viceroy butterfly - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Viceroy butterfly (Limenitis archippus) is a North American butterfly with a range from the Northwest Territories along the eastern edges of the Cascade Range and Sierra Nevada mountains.
		In Florida, Georgia, and the Southwest, Monarch are less common, and Viceroys share the pattern of the Queen butterfly (Danaus gilippus) or the Soldier butterfly (Danaus e.
		It was long believed that the Viceroy is a Batesian mimic of the three other species, or that is was only mildly unpalatable to predators.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Viceroy_butterfly (191 words)

	The Butterfly Lab
		One of the most familiar North American butterflies, the Monarch is distinctive for it's striking colors and as a study in butterfly biology.
		Viceroy butterflies closely resemble Monarchs, but their behavior is very different.
		Viceroys range from the mountain states east to the Atlantic and from Texas north into the Canadian plains.
	www.chias.org /online/thebutterflylab/fieldguide/native.html (1113 words)

	NatureWorks - Viceroy Butterfly (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The viceroy butterfly is dark orange with fl veins.
		The viceroy butterfly lives in meadows, marshes and swamps and other wet areas with willow, aspen and poplar trees.
		The viceroy and monarch were once thought to exhibit Batesian mimicry where a harmless species mimics a toxic species.
	www.nhptv.org /natureworks/viceroy.htm (191 words)

	Butterflies and bad taste: rethinking a classic tale of mimicry - viceroy butterfly not a mimic of the monarch ...
		But those experiments used whole butterflies, Ritland says, which meant that the taste-testing birds could have rejected the viceroys because of their orange wings and not because of any noxious taste.
		Moreover, Vane-Wright says, many biologists believed butterflies couldn't manufacture their own toxic chemicals to defend themselves from predators; instead, from predators; instead, the insects had to absorb the toxins of poisonous plants during their caterpillar stage.
		Viceroy caterpillars, in contrast, feed on nontoxic willows, and this suggests that viceroy butterlies somehow manufacture their own chemical defense, Vane-Wright says.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1200/is_n22_v139/ai_10875027 (873 words)

	kyflag.htm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Viceroy Butterfly was adopted on March 16, 1990.
		The Viceroy Butterfly was chosen partly because of its striking resemblance to a large and better known species the Monarch Butterfly.
		The difference between the two is that the Monarch Butterfly is poisonous and the Viceroy Butterfly is not.
	www.scott.k12.ky.us /southern/kyquilt/kyinsect.htm (94 words)

	The Viceroy Butterfly - One of God's Little Folk - An All Creatures Photo Gallery - creation, earth, environment, ...
		The caterpillar stage of the viceroy butterfly can most often be found on trees of the willow family, such as willows, poplars and cottonwoods.
		The female viceroy butterfly lays her eggs at the tip of the host tree leaves, but only two or three eggs are laid by her before she moves on to another tree.
		Viceroy butterflies most often feed on flowers, but when they are not readily available they will feed on aphid honeydew, decaying fungi, and even carrion and dung.
	www.all-creatures.org /pica/glf-butterfly-viceroy.html (410 words)

	The Smithsonian Butterfly Habitat Garden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Butterfly Garden at the Smithsonian was installed in the summer of 1995 through a collaborative effort between the Natural History Museum, the Horticulture Services Division, and partial funding from the Smithsonian Women's Committee.
		In the Smithsonian Butterfly Garden, this habitat serves as a transition zone between the wildflower meadows and the urban garden.
		In order for a butterfly garden to succeed in an urban habitat it is necessary to mimic the butterflies natural habitat.
	www.si.edu /harcourt/h_si/gardens/butterfly/smith.htm (718 words)

	Monarch Butterfly - EnchantedLearning.com
		The Monarch is a common poisonous butterfly that eats poisonous milkweed in its larval stage and lays its eggs on the milkweed plant.
		The four wings and the six legs of the butterfly are attached to the thorax.
		Monarch butterflies, like all butterflies, can only sip liquid food using a tube-like proboscis, which is a long, flexible "tongue." This proboscis uncoils to sip food, and coils up again into a spiral when not in use.
	www.zoomschool.com /subjects/butterfly/species/Monarch.shtml (1167 words)

	Viceroy - Search Results - ninemsn Encarta
		Viceroy, common name for a butterfly native to the western hemisphere from southern Canada to the southern United States.
		The first governors-general of India were appointed by the British East India Company, and based at Fort William in Calcutta (today called...
		- orange-and-fl butterfly: a brightly coloured orange-and-fl butterfly of North America that resembles the monarch butterfly.
	au.encarta.msn.com /Viceroy.html (119 words)

	Butterfly Profiles: Viceroy Butterfly (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		It is a mimic of the monarch butterfly.
		The caterpillar feeds on the milkweed plant and absorbs the poisonous sap which is passed on to the adult through the pupal stage.
		The viceroy, which does not have the milkweed poison, has evolved to look like the monarch and so birds generally leave it alone too.
	members.aol.com /yesbutrfly/bp002.html (197 words)

	NSiS: Viceroy Butterflies
		Viceroys feed on manure, carrion, and the nectar of composites.
		Viceroys are apparently mimics in all phases of their life cycle.
		More photos of Viceroys are in the Photo Gallery, including a comparison of Viceroys and Monarchs.
	www.nsis.org /butterfly/butterfly-sp-brush-viceroy.html (212 words)

	Monarch butterfly - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In Europe it is resident in the Canary Islands (except Lanzarote) and Madeira, and is found as a migrant in the Azores, Portugal and Spain.
		The Monarch is the state insect of Alabama, Idaho, Illinois, and Texas, and the state butterfly of Minnesota and West Virginia.
		It is present on the abdomen of adult butterflies and passed to their offspring when the spores rub off during egg-laying and are then ingested by the caterpillars.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Monarch_butterfly (1299 words)

	Western Pennsylvania Conservancy Daily e-Calendar
		An often repeated example is that of the poisonous monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) and its mimic the viceroy butterfly (Limenitis arthemis).
		For many years scientists believed that this mimicry "system" was an example of Batesian mimicry, whereby the coloration of the adult viceroy butterfly was a mimic of the distasteful monarch.
		That study showed that the viceroy butterfly is also distasteful to birds; about as much so as the monarch.
	www.wpconline.org /dailyphotos/wpc-d-9-27.asp (374 words)

	Massachusetts Butterfly Club - Home
		Over the next few weeks our club will join butterfly enthusiasts from all across North America in documenting the butterflies that are in the field at this time of year.
		September 15th is the deadline for contributions to the Fall issue of the Club's journal, Massachusetts Butterflies.
		Butterfly watchers from around the state send messages listing the butterflies they see, describing butterfly behavior, posing questions, and answering them.
	www.naba.org /chapters/nabambc/index.asp (1370 words)

	Baylor University \|\| Baylor University & City of Waco Project \|\| Lake Waco Wetlands Project \|\| Viceroy Butterfly
		Identification: Resembles the Monarch, with upperside is orange and fl; however, the Viceroy has a fl line across the hindwing and a single row of white dots in the fl marginal band.
		Nectar Plants: Early in the season Viceroys feed on aphid honeydew, carrion, dung, and decaying fungi.
		Conservation: The Obsolete Viceroy (subspecies obsoleta) has lost much of its habitat due to development, water impoundment, and the exotic aggressive saltcedar.
	www.baylor.edu /lakewaco_wetlands/index.php?id=21545 (262 words)

	Butterflies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Everybody immediately recognizes the Monarch which is the most famous butterfly in the world.
		They tend to be a bit smaller than the Monarch but the only sure difference between the two is the semi-circular vein on the underside of the hind wing.
		Through natural selection, the Viceroy has evolved to look enough like a Monarch to be nearly immune to attacks by birds.
	schmidling.com /viceroy.htm (135 words)

	Butterfly Gallery - Viceroy
		Closely resembling the toxic monarch and queen butterflies, the viceroy was once thought to be nothing more than a clever palatable mimic.
		When a similar looking butterfly is subsequently encountered, the predator will probably avoid the meal, not wanting to make the same unpleasant culinary mistake again.
		Although capable of strong and rapid flight when disturbed, the viceroy often lingers at flowers, rotting fruit, dung and sap, making it a highly visible and approachable butterfly.
	www.floridata.com /tracks/butterfly/viceroy.cfm (256 words)

	Viceroy Butterfly (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The viceroy is native to North America, ranging from the southern United States to southern Canada.
		It has a remarkable resemblance to the monarch butterfly.
		Both the monarch and the viceroy are avoided by insect-eating animals because of their bitter taste, and the similar appearance of these two species serves to protect them from predation.
	www.kwic.com /~pagodavista/schoolhouse/species/insects/viceroy.htm (55 words)

	Monarch Picture Story
		The monarch butterfly is sometimes called the "milkweed butterfly" because its larvae eat the plant.
		The butterfly waits until its wings stiffen and dry before it flies away to start the cycle of life all over again.
		In either the caterpillar or butterfly stage the monarch needs no camouflage because it takes in toxins from the milkweed and is poisonous to predators.
	www.kidzone.ws /animals/monarch_butterfly.htm (542 words)

	O. Orkin Insect Zoo: Activity 2
		The monarch butterfly feeds on milkweed plants which have toxins in them that cause the butterflies to have a disagreeable taste when eaten.
		Viceroy butterflies are one species of butterfly that mimics the coloration of the monarch and are, therefore, also protected from predators.
		Have the students compare and contrast the coloration patterns of monarch butterflies and viceroy butterflies.
	insectzoo.msstate.edu /Curriculum/Activities/onTheWing.html (560 words)

	Viceroy butterfly
		Unlike in D. gilippus, the wing veins on the Viceroy are edged with fl and the white markings on the dorsal wing surfaces are arranged in definite rows.
		The Viceroy ranges through most of the United States; the subspecies obsoleta occurs primarily along water courses in Arizona.
		From Orsak, L. The Butterflies of Orange County, California.
	mamba.bio.uci.edu /~pjbryant/biodiv/lepidopt/nymph/viceroy.htm (278 words)

	Viceroy Butterfly - Limenitis archippus (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.umd.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Superfamily: Papilionidae (The true butterflies) / Family: Nymphalidae (Brushfoot butterflies) / Subfamily: Limenitidinae (Admirals and relatives)
		Our Viceroy butterfly pictures are free for noncommercial use.
		It is frequently noted that the Viceroy (a non-toxic butterfly) mimics the aposematic coloring of the supposedly toxic Monarch butterfly.
	www.cirrusimage.com.cob-web.org:8888 /butterfly_viceroy.htm (152 words)

	Green Thumb Lawns Inc - 612-588-1800 - Complete Lawn Service & Landscape Management Services in Minneapolis & St Paul MN
		Characteristics: Mimics the Queen Butterfly, (Danaus gilipptlS), Unlike D. gilippus strigosus, the wing veins on obsoleta are edged with fl and the white markings on DHW and DFW arranged in definite rows.
		The eggs of the Viceroy are ovoid but flattened near their point at attachment to the foodplant and pale green or
		The mature larvae of the Viceroy closely resemble those of L. astyanax and L. arthemis.
	www.gtlawn.com /viceroy.htm (490 words)

	the butterfly collection at the field museum
		With their wings closed, many butterflies hide their bright colors and blend in with their surroundings.
		Some butterflies and moths, including the buckeye and owl butterflies and the io and polyphemus moths, have large eye spots that make them look like scary animals and frighten predators away.
		The viceroy butterfly, on the other hand, is better tasting, but still unpleasent.
	www.fieldmuseum.org /exhibits/exhibit_sites/butterfly/selfpro_basic.htm (165 words)

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