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	Viceroyalty of New Granada - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Viceroyalty of New Granada was the name given to a group of colonial provinces in northern South America, corresponding mainly to modern Colombia.
		To establish civil government in New Granada, an Audiencia (a "court of hearing") was established at Santa Fé de Bogotá in 1548-1549, a body that combined executive and judicial authority, until a presidencia or governor was established in 1564, assuming executive powers.
		When Ecuador and Venezuela became separate states during the dissolution of Greater Colombia, a "Republic of New Granada" centered around the capital of Bogotá lasted from 1831 to 1856, and "New Granada" was a usage that later survived in conservative circles, such as among ecclesiastics.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Viceroyalty_of_New_Granada (378 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : New Granada (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		New Granada was the name given to a group of colonial provinces in northern South America, corresponding mainly to modern Colombia.
		Before the 19th century independence struggles, the Viceroyalty of New Granada existed as a political and administrative entity which also extended to include oversight over local authorities in Ecuador and Venezuela.
		After Ecuador and Venezuela had established their independence, a "Republic of New Granada" centered around the capital of Bogotá lasted from 1831 to 1856, and "New Granada" was a usage that later survived in conservative circles, such as among ecclesiastics.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /New_Granada (290 words)

	bolvar in new granada - Article and Reference from OnPedia.com
		Bolvar's campaign in New Granada in 1819-1820 was part of Bolvar's War, struggle for Independence from Spanish Colonial rule of South America led by Simn Bolvar.
		Bolvar urged the legislators to proclaim the creation of a new state: the republic of Gran Colombia, and three days later Republic of Colombia was established.
		Bolvar continued his struggle for independent South America in Venezuela 1821 Bolvar's victory in New Granada was the major turning point in the history of northern South America.
	www.onpedia.com /encyclopedia/bolvar-in-new-granada (320 words)

	AllRefer.com - New Granada (Latin American History) - Encyclopedia
		By far the greatest of the conquerors was Gonzalo JimEnez de Quesada, who in 1536 ascended the Magdalena River, climbed the mighty Andean cordillera, where he subdued the powerful Chibcha (an advanced native civilization), and by 1538 had founded Santa FE de BogotA, later known simply as BogotA.
		To further stabilize colonial government, New Granada was made a presidency (an administrative and political division headed by a governor) in 1564, and the audiencia was relegated to its proper judicial functions.
		The struggle for independence began in 1810, and by 1830 Venezuela and Ecuador had seceded, and the remnant (Colombia and Panama) was renamed the Republic of New Granada.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/N/NewGrana.html (487 words)

	Printable Version on Encyclopedia.com
		By far the greatest of the conquerors was Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada, who in 1536 ascended the Magdalena River, climbed the mighty Andean cordillera, where he subdued the powerful Chibcha (an advanced native civilization), and by 1538 had founded Santa Fé de Bogotá;, later known simply as Bogotá;.
		No civil government was established in New Granada until 1549, when an audiencia court, a body with both executive and judicial authority, was set up in Bogotá;.
		Later the captaincy general of Venezuela and the presidency of Quito were detached, creating a political division that was to survive the revolution against Spain and the efforts of Simón Bolívar to establish a republic of Greater Colombia.
	www.encyclopedia.com /printable.aspx?id=1E1:NewGrana (372 words)

	Wikipedia: Republic of Gran Colombia
		The Constitution of the new republic was given in 1821 at the Congress of Cucuta, establishing its capital in Bogotá.
		A new territorial division (various departments covering Venezuela, New Granada, and Quito) was conceived.
		In 1863, one of the new countries which remained after the dissolution, New Granada, changed its name officially to "United States of Colombia", and in 1886 adopted its present day name: "Republic of Colombia".
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/r/re/republic_of_gran_colombia.html (458 words)

	WHKMLA : History of New Granada, 1718-1810/1819
		Such as the Greater Viceroyalty of Peru had been before, the new Viceroyalty of New Granada was vast in size, the communications with outlying areas were poor and these areas, such as the Captaincy of Venezuela and the Presidency of Quito (Ecuador) enjoyed a high degree of autonomy.
		New Granada's economy continued to be complementary to that of Spain, serving the needs of the mother country, supplying raw materials and providing a market for goods manufactured in Spain.
		Meanwhile, in Spain the Bourbon dynasty had reestablished itself and sent an expedition to New Granada with the task to retake the colony.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/samerica/ngranada.html (632 words)

	Spanish colonization of the Americas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He had been searching for a new route to the Asian Indies and was convinced he had found it.
		Columbus was made governor of the new territories and made several more journeys across the Atlantic Ocean.
		It split the mostly unknown New World into two spheres of influence; however, once it was fully charted, almost all of the New World fell into the Spanish sphere.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas (1748 words)

	New Granada - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		the Spanish American colonial Viceroyalty of New Granada
		the post-colonial Republic of New Granada (1831 to 1856), which included modern Colombia and, for most of the period, its state/department/province, Panama.
		This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/New_Granada (123 words)

	History
		Between 1717 and 1739 the Audiencia of New Granada and the territories that later became Ecuador, Venezuela, and Panama were included in the viceroyalty of New Granada.
		Slavery was abolished in New Granada in 1851 and 1852.
		A new constitution was proclaimed in 1886, and the present name of the country, the republic of Colombia, was chosen.
	home1.gte.net /gomezedg/MoerHistory.htm (1983 words)

	Republic of Gran Colombia - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It was conceived initially at that Congress as a federal republic, made up of three departments with capitals in the cities of Bogotá (Department of Cundinamarca), Caracas (Department of Venezuela), and Quito (Department of Quito).
		A greater degree of centralism was established here, as several convinced federalists now came to believe that it would be necessary in order to better manage a unified war effort, at least for the time being.
		In 1863 New Granada changed its name officially to "United States of Colombia", and in 1886 adopted its present day name: "Republic of Colombia".
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Republic_of_Gran_Colombia (703 words)

	A short history of Ecuador
		New Granada becomes in 1564 part of the Viceroyalty of Peru.
		New Granada regains independence in 1819 as the Republic of Grand Colombia.
		New elections lead to the presidency of Jamil Mahuad Witt of the DP.
	www.electionworld.org /history/ecuador.htm (723 words)

	The viceroyalty of Peru and El Rio de La Plata - Spanish Colonial Coinage
		The Viceroyalty of Peru: Created in 1542, Spanish Virreinato de Peru the second of the four viceroyalties that Spain created to govern its domains in the Americas.
		Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata: Created in 1776, the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata was the last and most shortlived viceroyalty created by Spain.
		On the other hand, the Viceroyalty of Peru required all commerce to be performed through Lima's port, which restrained the Buenos Aires natural port potential economy, a problem that also caused large contraband activities in the region, especially in Asunción, Buenos Aires and Montevideo.
	www.realtreasures.com /vice.htm (1828 words)

	Great Colombia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The constitution of the new republic was drafted in 1821 at the Congress of Cúcuta, establishing its capital in Bogotá.
		The federation finally dissolved during the rest of 1830 and was formally abolished in 1831, as Venezuela, Ecuador and New Granada came to exist as independent states.
		The Department of Cundinamarca (as established in Angostura) became a new country, the Republic of New Granada.
	www.33beat.com /Great_Colombia.html (768 words)

	New Granada, Viceroyalty (British Louisiana) - Alternative History
		New Granada (or Santafé by its capital) was one of the four viceroyalties that Spain had established in the New World.
		It was established in 1717, uniting the Hearings of New Granada and Quito, from Perú, and the General Captaincy of Venezuela, from New Spain.
		The Viceroyalty lasted till 1853 (de facto, it officially ended in 1883), when an independence movement took control of the government and created the Granadine Federation.
	althistory.wikia.com /wiki/Santafe_(British_Louisiana) (125 words)

	New Granada on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Granada reinforces its long standing relationship with Anker as part of the Bristol International Ai...
		Granada Group/Rental Holdings -- Stephen Byers publishes draft undertakings.
		Granada is forced to admit failure of Carlton merger plan; NEWS ANALYSIS Deloitte and Touche called in to assist with ITV Digital restructuring as losses mount.(Business)
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/N/NewGrana.asp (608 words)

	History of COLOMBIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The modern nations of Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador are grouped together, from 1740, as the Spanish viceroyalty of New Granada with its capital at Bogotá;.
		In these circumstances New Granada is a natural region for the first resistance to imperial rule.
		Instead he will strike at the capital city of New Granada by a route which is considered impossible - along the waterlogged plain of the Orinoco and then over the Andes for a surprise attack on Bogotá;.
	www.historyworld.net /wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ab81 (1154 words)

	The Inquisition in the New World
		New Spain, with Mexico as its capital, and New Castile or Peru, with Lima as capital, were the two first viceroyalties formed.
		New Spain consisted of what is now southwestern United States, all of Mexico and Central America, and the Spanish islands in the Caribbean (Santo Domingo, Puerto Rico, Cuba) and in the Far East (Philippines).
		The transmigration of Portuguese New Christians to the Americas is known as the penetración portuguesa, the Portuguese penetration.
	www.sefarad.org /publication/lm/037/6.html (4562 words)

	Colombia HISTORY
		The viceroyalty of New Granada, consolidated in 1740, incorporated modern Colombia, Panama, Venezuela, and Ecuador.
		During his tenure as president, the republican constitution of 1886 was adopted, under which the State of New Granada formally became the Republic of Colombia.
		Gaviria responded to their intransigence in November 1992 by announcing new counterinsurgency measures and a hard-line policy against both guerrillas and drug traffickers.
	www.nationsencyclopedia.com /Americas/Colombia-HISTORY.html (2112 words)

	Colombia Country History - Multimedia - ninemsn Encarta
		Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada completed the Spanish conquest of the Chibcha and founded the kingdom of New Granada.
		Bogotá became the capital of the viceroyalty of New Granada, which consisted of present-day Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, and Venezuela.
		Most parts of New Granada declared their independence from Spain.
	au.encarta.msn.com /media_1481500378/Colombia_Country_History.html (334 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In the course of the following years some new provinces were created out of their territories (Guanentá and Lebrija in 1844, Santander and Soto in 1850 and García Rovira in 1853).
		These new provinces were however shortliving and by 1855 the two original provinces had been restored.
		In 1910 the northern part of the department was detached to form the new Department of Norte de Santander.
	www.geocities.com /CapitolHill/Rotunda/2209/Santander.html (240 words)

	South America, 1600-1800 A.D. \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Lima, capital of the Viceroyalty of Perú, grows to become the most important city in the Americas after Mexico, and silver-rich Potosí, the source of Perú's wealth, is the fifth most populous city in the world by 1620.
		The new viceroyalty also encompasses the Caribbean coastline of South America formerly under the jurisdiction of New Spain, as a means to combat foreign depredations on Spanish trade.
		Repressive measures in the wake of the revolt destroy the wealth, power, and status of the traditional Indian nobility and the longstanding local autonomy of highland communities, and a new class of native governors is appointed by the colonial state.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/ht/09/sa/ht09sa.htm (1542 words)

	** USCMA **
		Santafé de Bogota was founded in 1538 and became the capital of the viceroyalty of New Granada—acombination of today's Colombia, Panama, Venezuela and Ecuador--in 1739.
		In 1810, parts of New Granada began fighting for independence, which finally came in 1819 when Simon Bolivar defeated the Spanish.
		New Granada took the name "Colombia" in 1863, long after the federation was dissolved.
	www.uscma.org /infocol.htm (670 words)

	History of the Ecuadorian-Peruvian territorial dispute - Dic.blogopt.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Real Audiencia de Quito was part of the the Viceroyalty of Peru (also known as Viceroyalty of Lima) until 1740, when it became part of the Viceroyalty of New Granada (previously Viceroyalty of Santa Fé de Bogotá) [1][2].
		The first controversial event between the Viceroyalty of Peru and the Real Audiencia de Quito occurred in 1802, when the military and ecclesiastic administration of both Jaén and Maynas (now in Peru) were given to the Viceroyalty of Peru by royal decree.
		At one point, the Viceroyalty of Peru contained most of South America, and its division in favor of other viceroyalties is seen by some Peruvians as a disgrace.
	dic.blogopt.com /Ecuador-Peru_conflict (5434 words)

	History of Colombia - Gurupedia
		New Granada, which included the provinces which approximately make up the territory of today's Colombia.
		Viceroyalty of New Granada was created, with Bogotá as capital.
		Bogotá became one of the principal administrative centers of the Spanish possessions in the New World, along with Lima and Mexico City.
	www.gurupedia.com /h/hi/history_of_colombia.htm (1623 words)

	Ecuador
		From 1717 to 1723 the Quito presidency was under the authority of the viceroyalty of New Granada in Bogotá;, but it was then returned to the authority of the viceroy of Peru until 1739, when it reverted to New Granada.
		Among the first acts of the new regime was establishment of a five-year economic plan, stressing agriculture, housing, and industry.
		A referendum on a new constitution and subsequent presidential elections were held in 1978, and a runoff between the two top presidential candidates followed in April 1979.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/GeogHist/histories/history/hiscountries/E/ecuador.html (1749 words)

	A short history of Colombia
		The independence war ends in 1819 and New Granada becomes independent as the Republic of Grand Colombia.
		New Granada is renamed into the State of New Granada, in 1843 Republic of New Granada, in 1858 Granadine Confederation, in 1863 United States of New Granada and later that year in United States of Colombia.
		After a split in the liberal party, conservatives come to power in 1886 and in their new constitution the country is renamed Republic of Colombia and it becomes a centralized republic.
	www.electionworld.org /history/colombia.htm (789 words)

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