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Topic: Vichy French

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	Vichy France - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Vichy France, or the Vichy regime (in French, now called: Régime de Vichy or Vichy; at the time, called itself: État Français, or French State) was the de facto French government of 1940-1944 during the Nazi Germany occupation of World War II.
		The Vichy position that it was the de jure French government was challenged by the Free French Forces of Charles de Gaulle, and French governments ever since have held that the Vichy regime was an illegal government run by traitors.
		Vichy France, while officially neutral in the war, was essentially a Nazi puppet state which collaborated with the Nazis, including on the Nazis' racial policies.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vichy_France (2969 words)

	Free French Forces - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The French flag with the Cross of Lorraine, emblem of the Free French
		French Indochina and the colonies of Guadeloupe and Martinique in the West Indies remained under Vichy government control.
		By September 1944, the Free French forces stood at 560,000, which rose to 1 million by the end of 1944, and were fighting in Alsace, the Alps and Brittany.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Free_French_Forces (1131 words)

	AllRefer.com - Vichy, France (French Political Geography) - Encyclopedia
		Vichy's hot mineral springs have made it one of the foremost spas in Europe.
		The Vichy government, which was never recognized by the Allies, became a German tool in the hands of such men as Pierre Laval and Jean FranCois Darlan, although German expectations were never completely satisfied.
		The Vichy government continued a shadowy existence, eventually fleeing before the Allied advance to Sigmaringen, Germany, where it collapsed when Germany surrendered in 1945.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/V/Vichy.html (282 words)

	SingaporeMoms - Parenting Encyclopedia - Vichy France
		Vichy France or the Vichy regime (French: now called Régime de Vichy or Vichy; called itself at the time État Français, or French State) was the de facto French government of 1940-1944 (but Nazi Germany invaded the zone under its control in 1942 in Case Anton).
		The French leaders considered retreating to French territories in North Africa, but the vice-premier Henri Philippe Pétain and the commander-in-chief General Maxime Weygand, both insisted that the government should remain in France and seek an armistice with Germany.
		Many Vichy officials, such as Pétain, were reactionaries who considered that France's unfortunate fate was a kind of divine punishment for its Republican character and the actions of its left-wing governments of the 1930s (see Popular Front).
	www.singaporemoms.com /parenting/Vichy_France (2149 words)

	LoC Vichy Rules (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		French controlled naval units on the production circle, in the repair pool or in the construction pool that were not influenced by Free France remain there as Vichy French units.
		Vichy French naval and aircraft units at sea (except for convoy points) must always return to base during the return to base step unless Vichy France is hostile to an Allied major power.
		Vichy will always send their resources to their factories, but it is up to the side with initiative [installing major power for the Axis or USSR for the Allies] whether or not Vichy produces units or saves BPs; they must do one or the other.
	members.aol.com /wifcon/home/vichy.html (8132 words)

	war and social upheaval: World War II -- the Holocaust in France French Holocaust Vichy complicity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Vichy established the General Commission for Jewish Affairs (CGQJ) to expedite actions against Jews, especially decissions as to whether a particular person was Jewish and if so whether his/her property should be "ayranized", meaning transferred to a non-Jewish provisional administrator or in practical terms stolen by Vichy authorities.
		Vichy officials cooperated with the NAZIs in the roundup and confinment of Jews, both foreign and French Jews.
		The salvation of the French Jews who managed to evade the Gestapo and Vichy French police was in the end only possible because of D-Day (June 6, 1944) and subsequent liberation of France (July-August 1944).
	histclo.hispeed.com /essay/war/ww2/hol/holc-fra.html (3307 words)

	Vichy France (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Vichy France''' or the '''Vichy regime (French languageFrench: now called ''Régime de Vichy'' or ''Vichy''; called itself at the time ''État Français'', or French State) was the ''de facto'' FranceFrench government of 1940-1944 (but Nazi Germany invaded the zone under its control in 1942 in ''Case Anton'').
		Vichy France The fall of France and the establishment of the Vichy regime
		The French Army was reduced to 100,000 men and French prisoner of warprisoners of war would remain in captivity.
	www.infothis.com /find/Vichy_France (2172 words)

	Occupied France
		With the French population stunned by defeat and invasion, and the politicals of the Third Republic discredited, Pétain and his allies seized the moment to conduct their own ideologically-motivated reforms.
		The French authorities in the Occupied zone were obliged to comply with the requests of the occupying forces, whatever that might entail.
		This inevitably meant that Vichy was, in spite of its desire to maintain neutrality, engaged in combat with Allied forces.
	www.sunderland.ac.uk /~os0tmc/occupied/collab.htm (3002 words)

	Learn French in Vichy, France
		Vichy, located in the heart of France just 3 hours south of Paris by rail, offers 25 years of teaching experience.
		The programs are integrated into contemporary French life and contacts with the population are an essential part of the courses.
		Cavilam was founded in 1964 by the municipality of Vichy and the two Universities of Clermont-Ferrand which are responsible for supervising the teaching and also take part in setting up programmes.
	www.languagestudy.com /vichy.htm (705 words)

	The Role of French Banks During WWII and its Aftermath. Richard Weisberg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In all the territories where the French administration has been established, it is to them and not to the German occupier that the task of regulating economic life descends; therefore, in those territories, the ordinance must no longer apply because it goes beyond the power of the occupier.
		Vichy's leader, the octogenerian "hero of Verdun", had never hidden his political animus against what he considered to be "too much Jewish influence in the Third Republic".
		Deposits in the five biggest French banks, for example, rose by a factor of 26% in 1941; at the Société Générale, they rose by 27.5% that year, by 25.7% in 1943 and by 17.8% in the final year of the occupation, 1944.
	www.ess.uwe.ac.uk /genocide/France1.htm (9528 words)

	Vichy France
		The 1.5 million French soldiers captured by the Germans were to remain prisoners of war.
		The French government also agreed to stop members of its armed forces from leaving the country and instructed its citizens not to fight against the Germans.
		In the meantime General Giraud, at first shocked to discover that the local French would not follow him, had become convinced that Darlan was the only French official in the region who could lead North Africa to the side of the Allies.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /2WWvichy.htm (1840 words)

	French State, Vichy government (1940-1944) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		France libre (Free France), created by General de Gaulle in London after his radio call from the 18 June 1940 (Appel du 18 juin), was de jure an illegal and terrorist 'state', and was presented in such terms by the official propaganda of Etat français.
		Although Metropolitan France was under the German boot, pretending to be independent, parts of the Empire such as French Equatorial Africa, New Caledonia, French Polynesia and Saint-Pierre and Miquelon rallied Free France, thus giving it a territorial reality from which de Gaulle could claim the active participation of France to the Allied war effort.
		The axe is a francisque, fallaciously supposed to be the arm of the Franks, the 'founders' of a allegedly 'ethnically pure' French nation.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/fr-etatf.html (710 words)

	Learn French in Vichy, France with Vis-à-Vis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Vichy ia a spa town famous for its natural springs, in fact people come from all over the world to sample the water fresh from the spring.
		Vichy, situated on the northern edge of the Auvergne, in the heart of Bourbon country, is noted for its sparkling waters (said to alleviate liver and stomach ailments).
		A promenade with covered walks, the Parc des Sources is the center of Vichy's fashionable life, which is at its peak from May to the end of September.
	www.visavis.org /vichyguide.html (461 words)

	Vichy France - French Holidays - IndigoGuide
		Vichy is a spa town that retains its fin-de-siècle charm in spite of the knock its reputation took during WWII when Pétain's puppet government was based here and its ageing population.
		Currently there is a move to attracting a younger audience by encouraging fitness enthusiasts to spend their vacations here, but as yet the spas and sulphurous springs attract an older audience of curistes who comes in droves to be dowsed in and drink the water.
		What Vichy lacks in alternatives to the spa it makes up for in choice of hotels, of which there are many, which is one of the reasons it was chosen for Pétain's government.
	www.indigoguide.com /france/vichy.htm (475 words)

	UVM History Review vol. 6 Dec. 1994: Higgins
		For the Vichy regime, we face the additional obstacles of a diminished and controlled press, per sonal reserve during a time of uncertainty and suspicion, and profound change from one period to another (pp.
		The authors instea d rely on the monthly prefectural reports required by the Vichy government and millions of unsolicited letters, telegrams and telephone calls made to the Vichy government in the early Vichy years as an accurate reflection of public opinion, mainly because much of the information was not favorable (p.
		Zuccotti's study is comprehensive insofar as the portion of Vichy French history which she chooses to study, namely the French popular response to Jewish persecution, and insofar as one can study such a subject given the limitations noted in Marrus and Paxton's work.
	www.uvm.edu /~hag/histreview/vol6/higgins.html (2250 words)

	Table of contents for French colonialism unmasked (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Setting the Stage for Vichy: French West Africa on the Eve of World War II 000 2.
		The Vichy Regime and the "Traditional" Elements of African Society: Chiefs, Soldiers, and Muslims 000 8.
		Vichy Colonialism and African Society: Change and Continuity 000 Part IV: The Long-Term Significance of the Vichy Period for West African History 000 9.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/toc/ecip0514/2005017224.html (243 words)

	Weisberg : Vichy law and the Holocaust
		Juger sous Vichy, titles of papers included in symposia sponsored by l'Ecole nationale de la Magistrature in 1994 and 1996 and published by the periodical Le Genre Humain.
		Vichy et les avocats juifs (1940-1944)", par Robert Badinter.
		Weisberg testifies about Vichy on the 14th of September 1999, before the US House of Representatives Banking Committee.
	www.amgot.org /weisberg.htm (455 words)

	Ex-French leader: Vichy acted alone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		BORDEAUX, France (AP) - France should not be held accountable for crimes committed by the "illegitimate" pro-Nazi Vichy regime, a former French Resistance leader said Thursday at the war crimes trial of Maurice Papon.
		Pierre Messmer, who was close to Gen. Charles de Gaulle and was prime minister in the early 1970s, said that now, more than a half-century after the war, it was time for the French to "stop hating themselves, and to begin to forgive themselves."
		The comments were offered as personal opinion, and did not bear on the guilt or innocence of former Cabinet minister Papon, which was not being discussed.
	www.lubbockonline.com /news/101797/LA0651.htm (113 words)

	French Language Courses in Vichy - study and learn French abroad
		French Language Courses in Vichy - study and learn French abroad
		Vichy, a spa town in the Auvergne, lies in
		Please request our brochure and price booklet for further details.
	www.languagesabroad.co.uk /vichy.html (55 words)

	French Vichy Government - Eduseek (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Subjects > History > History - 12+ > Continents and Countries > Europe > Western Europe > France > Modern France > 20th Century France > French Vichy Government
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	www.eduseek.com /static/navigate811.html (62 words)

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