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	Connect Four (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Victor Allis, using a knowledge-based approach, using nine strategic rules, and simultaneously by James D. Allen, determined the game-theroretic value using a brute-force depth-first search with alpha-beta pruning, a transposition table and killer-move heuristics.
		The combinations nine rules were specified and Allis implanted the nine rules to the program called Victor.
		All of the boards are based on an even number of rows, because Victor is based on the control of the zugzwang.
	www.farfarfar.com /games/connect_four (1606 words)

	Quintiq - Advanced Planning, Scheduling and Supply Chain Optimization Software
		Victor Allis co-founded Quintiq in 1997 and has been the company’s CEO ever since.
		Victor remains a co-owner of Quintiq and together with Arjen Heeres, COO, forms the company’s Executive Management.
		Victor started his career in 1987 as a freelance teacher, course developer and mentor of various AMBI courses for NOVI.
	www.quintiq.com /english/pages/company/biova.htm (197 words)

	Braingle: Newsgroups
		The program called VICTOR consists of a pure knowledge-based evaluation function which can give three values to a position: 1 won by white, 0 still unclear.
		VICTOR found an easy strategy for these boardsizes, which can be taught to anyone within 5 minutes.
		Furthermore, VICTOR needed only to check a few dozen positions to show that Black can at least draw the game on the 7 x 4 board.
	www.braingle.com /news/hallfame.php?path=competition/games/connect.four.p&sol=1 (753 words)

	Board Sizes - Four in a Row
		Victor Allis reports that the second player can at least draw.
		Victor Allis reports that the second player can at least draw on any 6x(2n) board.
		Victor Allis reports that this is a win for the first player.
	fourinarow.50webs.com /boardsizes.html (115 words)

	Gomoku - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Victor Allis proved that fl could force a win (see below).
		Victor Allis has shown that on a 15x15 board, fl wins with perfect play.
		Victor Allis, H. van den Herik, M. Huntjens, Go-Moku and Threat-Space Search [2].
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gomoku (1134 words)

	Allis Chalmer
		1) " Allis" -- In the context of Allis Chalmer
		Allis Township, Michigan 1: '''Allis Township''' is a township located in Presque Is North Allis Township, Michigan 1: '''North Allis Township''' is a township located in Presque Is West Allis, Wisconsin 1: '''West Allis ''' is a city located in Milwaukee County, Wisco 3: nual Wisconsin State Fair) is located in West Allis.
		2) " Chalmer" -- In the context of Allis Chalmer
	www.lottery-news.net /dust11945-allis_chalmer.html (352 words)

	Biographical sketch of L.V. (Victor) Allis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		L.V. (Victor) Allis obtained an M.Sc degree in Computer Science from the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam in 1988 and a Ph.D in Computer Science (specializing in Artificial Intelligence) at the University of Limburg in 1994.
		From 1993 till 1995 dr. Allis was affiliated with the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam as an assistant professor of Artificial Intelligence.
		Allis' main research interests are search techniques, using intelligent games as a test bed.
	www.chg.ru /SC95PROC/463_HBAL/ALLISBIO.HTM (108 words)

	Pencil & Paper games
		This diagram shows why white 20 was a blunder; if it had been next to fl 19 (at the position of move 32 in this diagram) then fl 31 would not be a threat and so the forcing sequence would fail.
		Black was long known to have a big advantage, even before L. Victor Allis proved that fl could force a win (see below).
		Computer search by L. Victor Allis has shown that on a 15x15 board, fl wins with perfect play.
	pen-games.net /gomoku.htm (580 words)

	Connect Four (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This program is based on the knowledged approach of L.Victor Allis which designed and implemented a sophisticated AI engine in a program called Victor.
		Velena is basically the same, except that even newer concepts and techniques were introduced in order to reduce the problem complexity (of solving the game) to a more tractable factor of magnitude.
		I thank L.Victor Allis for his support while I developed Velena and for the theory he made for solving Connect Four.
	www.ce.unipr.it /~gbe/velsrc.html (325 words)

	Download - Delphi - Source
		Victor Allis has published an advanced tutorial of connect4, in which he gives the details on how he was able to show that the game is a first player win.
		Victor Allis was one of the first two persons to solve 4 in a row.
		Websniffer can monitor (using winpcap) a network, and for every HTTP transfer it sees, save a copy of the transferred data.
	members.fortunecity.com /schutzenberger/download/en.html (1010 words)

	Solved board games
		Solved by both Victor Allis[?] (1988) and James Allen[?] (1989) independently.
		Solved by Victor Allis[?] (1993) First player can force a win.
		Completely solved (definition #3) by several computers for board sizes up to 6x6.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/so/Solved_board_games.html (320 words)

	A Knowledge-based Approach of Connect-Four - The Game is Solved: White Wins (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Abstract: A Shannon C-type strategy program, VICTOR, is written for Connect-Four, based on nine strategic rules.
		Each of these rules is proven to be correct, implying that conclusions made by VICTOR are correct.
		Using VICTOR, strategic rules where found which can be used by Black to at least draw the game, on each 7 × (2n) board, provided that White does not start at the middle column, as well as on any 6 × (2n) board.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /allis88knowledgebased.html (378 words)

	Games of Soldiers - THE MOKU FAMILY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Both Patashnik (around 1980) and independently Louis Victor Allis and Patrick Shoo (around 1991) solved Qubic (first player win).
		The full name, "Go-moku Narabe," literally means "five stones in a row." In Japan, a more complex version of the game exists, known as Renju.
		Victor Allis' Thesis presents the solution of Go-moku (first player wins).
	www.di.fc.ul.pt /~jpn/gv/moku.htm (2470 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This number is grossly out of proportion since it contains all states including those that are not possible during normal game play.
		A more refined upper bound of 7.1 x 1013 is derived by Victor Allis who studied the game for his Master’s thesis.
		He wrote a Shannon type-C (expert) program that is proven to beat every human player if it is to go first.
	www.cis.temple.edu /~pwang/203-AI/Project/2004/Vu-Vu/connect4.doc (1302 words)

	Connect Four (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In this way it has been possible to show that connect four is a first player win, and Velena is always able to win if she plays first.
		The program is based on the theory of L.Victor Allis presented in his master thesis: "A Knowledge-based Approach of Connect-Four (Allis, 1989)" in which he gives the details on how he was able to show that the game is a first player win.
		He also wrote a program called Victor which is essentially the same as Velena.
	www.ce.unipr.it /~gbe/velena.html (460 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In response to some questions raised in rec.games.go, here is a brief summary of the results in solving Go-Moku.
		This is Allis' third scalp, having solved Connect Four (TM) in 1989, and (resolving) Qubic (TM) in 1991.
		[AHH93] L V Allis, H J van den Herik, and M P H Huntjens, "Go-Moku Solved by New Search Techniques", Working Notes of the AAAI Fall Symposium Series (Raleigh, NC, Oct 22-24, 1993).
	www.ics.uci.edu /~eppstein/cgt/gomoku.html (544 words)

	Classic Games and AI--What's Been "Solved"
		Solved, by Victor Allis of Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, et al.; all wins for the first player.
		Finally, you can check out Victor Allis' home page here.
		Victor has been heavily involved in solving these games as part of his AI research and has written a book on the subject.
	www.gameai.com /clagames.html (1832 words)

	Stahlfaust - Gomoku AI player (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The guts of the AI is an intelligent definition of threats, used in both the alpha-beta search and the dependency based search.
		Victor Allis in his PhD thesis titled "
		We would also like to thank Victor Allis for sharing insights into the game of Gomoku.
	user.cs.tu-berlin.de /~nowozin/stahlfaust (313 words)

	[No title]
		By Alexander Nosovsky We know that Go-moku is solved game, and Victor Allis had made it.
		In different places there are some differences about overline (the line with more then 5 stones in a Row), but commonly it is not win, and not loss for both sides.
		The solution which was done by Allis is correct only for board size 15x15 or more.
	www.geocities.com /comprenju/doc/Go-moku.doc (1010 words)

	Martin Müller - Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Decomposition search is a problem decomposition approach to solving games that uses combinatorial game techniques.
		Partial order bounding is a method that can model incomplete knowledge in game evaluation functions in a principled way, and proof-set search is a refinement of Victor Allis' proof-number search.
		The development of these search algorithms was motivated by practical experience building game-playing programs, especially for the game of Go.
	www.cs.ualberta.ca /people/faculty/mmueller.php (228 words)

	Connect Four
		A masters thesis on Connect-Four, by Victor Allis...
		Connect Four is a two players game which takes place on a 7x6 rectangular board placed vertically between them.
		It was a big success, so in the Fall of 1993 I rewrote the algorithm in C. An article on Expert Play in Connect-Four, by James Allen.
	www.inneans.com /games/Connect-Four.html (386 words)

	Parallel Retrograde Analysis on a Distributed System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		An even larger database (computed in 20 hours) would have required over 600 MByte of internal memory on a uniprocessor and would compute for many weeks.
		Citation: Henri Bal, Victor Allis, "Parallel Retrograde Analysis on a Distributed System," sc, p.
		Usage of this product signifies your acceptance of the Terms of Use.
	csdl2.computer.org /persagen/DLAbsToc.jsp?resourcePath=/dl/proceedings/sc/&toc=comp/proceedings/sc/1995/2568/00/2568toc.xml&DOI=10.1109/SUPERC.1995.55 (192 words)

	Going for gold at the computer olympics - 15 August 1992 - New Scientist (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A computer program which cannot be beaten at the game of go-moku won the gold medal at an Olympic games for computers this week.
		Victoria, a program written by Victor Allis from the University of Limburg in Maastricht, always wins when it plays any other program at the oriental game of strategy, which is related to Go.
		The best a human being can achieve against it is a draw.
	www.newscientist.com /article/mg13518341.100.html (183 words)

	Why does everyone hate 3-D Tic-Tac-Toe? - AtariAge Forums
		Later, Victor Allis applied Pn-search and db-search techniques to develop and implement a winning Qubic program, written in 6,000 lines of C code.
		You can read the details of Allis' program in chapter 4 of his book, Searching For Solutions in Games and Artificial Intelligence.
		Anyone who studies Allis' chapter and applies his described methodologies should be able to win an online 3D Tic-Tac-Toe contest.
	www.atariage.com /forums/index.php?showtopic=17437 (1175 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The solution was discovered twice: initially [by Oren Patashnik -djr] using a combination of (quite a lot of) human experience and a tree-searching computer program; later [by Victor Allis -djr] using a more advanced collection of algorithms which enabled a computer to solve the game "on its own".
		The techniques used in the second attempt are called db-search and pn, or proof-number, search.
		Regards, Mark markb@isc.co.uk ============================================================================== From: cazenave@laforia.ibp.fr (CAZENAVE Tristan 40.44.62.29 Thesards de Pitrat) Newsgroups: rec.games.abstract Subject: Re: [Help] Qubic Date: 14 Dec 1995 11:03:43 GMT Victor Allis Thesis : http://www.cs.vu.nl/~victor/thesis.html
	www.math.niu.edu /~rusin/uses-math/games/rows/qubic (250 words)

	A Solution to the GHI Problem for Best-First Search - Breuker, Van den Herik, Uiterwijk, Allis (ResearchIndex)
		Dennis M. Breuker, H. Jaap van den Herik, L. Victor Allis, Jos W.H.M. Uiterwijk
		This document uses CoBlitz to cache paper downloads.
		Breuker, H. Van den Herik, J. Uiterwijk, and L. Allis.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /breuker99solution.html (498 words)

	Connect Four 4 Game > Championship Connect Four Game. Download Connect Four Game. The Captains Mistress
		As they become more experienced, connect 4 players begin to look further ahead than just the next turn or two.
		In 1987, both Victor Allis and James Dow Allen almost simultaneously (and separately) solved the game of Connect Four.
		On the standard seven column six row board, using a computer they both discovered the game is won by the first player.
	www.tabberer.com /sandyknoll/more/cc4/index.html (308 words)

	Science News Online - This Week - Feature Article - 8/2/97
		Deep Blue's most recent match against Garry Kasparov is detailed at
		Victor Allis describes various games that he has solved, including connect-4, Qubic, and Go-Moku, in his book Searching for Solutions in Games and Artificial Intellligence (
		You can find out more about the checkers program Chinook and play against it at
	www.sciencenews.org /sn_arc97/8_2_97/bob1.htm (2793 words)

	Connect Four Winning Strategy
		You may be surprised to hear that Connect 4 has been solved this way!
		This is what Victor Allis did in his masters thesis (you can download his dissertation right here).
		Essentially, he has identified a set of 9 rules that need to be followed.
	artificialintelligence.ai-depot.com /Essay/ExpertSystem-Connect4.html (542 words)

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