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Topic: Victor Emanuel II of Sardinia

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	Encyclopedia: Abdication (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		When James II of England, after throwing the Great Seal of the Realm into the Thames, fled to France in 1688, he did not formally resign the crown, and the question was discussed in Parliament whether he had forfeited the throne or had abdicated.
		Murad II Murad II (1404â€“February 3, 1451) was the sultan from 1421 to 1451 (except for a period from 1444 to 1446).
		Victor Emmanuel III of Italy (11 November, 1869 â€“ 28 December, 1947), was the King of Italy (29 July, 1900 â€“ 9 May, 1946), and claimed the titles Emperor of Ethiopia (1936 - 1943) and King of Albania (1939 - 1943).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Abdication (5435 words)

	Book Encyclopedia - Web Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		In 1849, in Florence, the Grand-Duke of Tuscany, Leopold II, abandoned the town, which was ruled by a provisional government.
		Napoleon III was afraid of being regarded as a supporter of a revolution, so he forced Victor Emanuel to relinquish the power over those states but in 1860 Cavour convinced the emperor to change his mind.
		Victor Emanuel was annouced the king of Italy.
	www.bookencyclopedia.com /index.php?title=Italian_Independence_wars (634 words)

	Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Victor Emmanuel I (July 24, 1759–January 10, 1824) was the Duke of Savoy, Piedmont, and Aosta, and King of Sardinia from 1802 to 1821.
		The second son of King Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia, Victor Emmanuel was known from birth as the Duke of Aosta.
		Until 1814, when he was able to return to Turin, he was forced to live in Sardinia, which was the only part of his domains that had not been conquered by the French.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_I_of_Savoy (277 words)

	Risorgimento. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Sardinia assumed the leadership of the Risorgimento in 1848 when the Lombardo-Venetian kingdom rose against Austrian rule and King Charles Albert intervened in favor of the rebels.
		The liberal movement gradually coalesced around Victor Emmanuel II and the policies of his minister Camillo Benso di Cavour.
		The spectacular conquest of the Two Sicilies (1860) by Giuseppe Garibaldi was followed by Sardinia’s annexation of Umbria and the Marches.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ri/Risorgim.html (805 words)

	ABDERA - LoveToKnow Article on ABDERA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		When James II., after throwing the great seal into the Thames, fled to France in 1688, he did not formally resign the crown, and the question was discussed in parliament whether he had forfeited the throne or had abdicated.
		Charles of Naples (on accession to throne of Spain) Stanislaus II.
		Ferdinand of Austria Charles Albert of Sardinia Leopold II.
	85.1911encyclopedia.org /A/AB/ABDERA.htm (676 words)

	Francis I
		At the death of his grandfather Victor Emanuel, January 10, 1824, Francis' mother Mary Beatrice succeeded to all of her father's British rights.
		Francis was henceforward recognised by the Jacobites as "The Prince Francis of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, Duke of Cornwall and Rothesay, Earl of Carrick, Baron of Renfrew, Lord of the Isles, and Prince and Great Steward of Scotland".
		On March 18, 1860, by decree of King Victor Emanuel II of Sardinia, Francis' duchies were de facto incorporated into the new kingdom of Italy; Francis protested this action, March 22, 1860.
	www.jacobite.ca /kings/francis1.htm (815 words)

	Victor Emmanuel II - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Victor Emmanuel II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		He became king of Sardinia on the abdication of his father Charles Albert 1849.
		In 1855 he allied Sardinia with France and the UK in the Crimean War.
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Victor+Emmanuel+II (144 words)

	Italy
		Francesco Maria II married a granddaugher, Lucretia, of Lucretia Borgia, whose children otherwise failed to continue the line of d'Este in Modena.
		Alessandro was appointed regent of the Netherlands by King Philip II of Spain at the height of the Dutch revolt.
		Later, Joanna II of Naples left her rights to René I the Good of Anjou, but he was unable to hold off Alfonso V of Aragon and Sicily.
	www.friesian.com /italia.htm (9544 words)

	Victor
		On April 23, 1789, Victor Emanuel was married by proxy to Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria, daughter of Archduke Ferdinand Charles of Austria, Duke of Brisgau (brother of the Emperor Joseph II) and of his wife, Princess Maria Beatrice Este (heiress of the Este dukes of Modena).
		Victor Emanuel had by nature a military spirit, and did not suffer from the physical ailments which afflicted his older brother.
		Victor Emanuel was not willing to break his promises to the Austrians, nor to squash the rising by force and shed the blood of his subjects.
	www.jacobite.ca /kings/victor.htm (1349 words)

	ITALIAN INDEPENDENCE WARS FACTS AND INFORMATION
		The second independence war, also known as Austro-Sardinian_War, was declared by the kingdom_of_Sardinia, in 1859, with the alliance of France.
		French and Sardinian armies defeated Austrians in several battles of Palestro (30_May), Montebello, Magenta (4_June) and Solferino (21_June) and took Milan, which was a province of the Austrian_Empire.
		The Third Independence War was declared by the kingdom of Italy (unified in 1860) against Austrian_Empire, in 1866, with the alliance of Prussia.
	www.witwib.com /Italian_Independence_wars (614 words)

	ChurchRodent: Emanuel II, Victor (1849-1878) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		King of Sardinia and head of the national unity movement.
		In June 1871 Victor Emmanuel transferred his residence to Rome, ignoring all protests and excommunications of the pope.
		There remained a split in the religious and governmental Italy until Benito Mussolini concluded the Lateran Treaty in February 1929, when the pope renounced all claims to the former Papal States, and received full sovereignty in the small Vatican State.
	www.tatumweb.com /churchrodent/terms/emanuelii.htm (118 words)

	Timeline Sardinia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		1814 The Kingdom of Sardinia was united with the Kingdom of Liguria.
		1820 Mar 14, Victor Emmanuel II, King of Sardinia (1849-61) and Italy (1861-78), was born.
		She was chosen by her cousin Camillo Cavour, prime minister of Sardinia under King Victor Emanuel, to win the emperor’s support for a war against the Austrians.
	www.timelines.ws /countries/SARDINIA.HTML (219 words)

	Unification of Italy
		King Charles Albert of Sardinia thereupon took the lead in a movement that was to develop into a war of independence.
		Although the Kingdom of Sardinia was not involved in the dispute, Count Camillo di Cavour (Prime Minister of Sardinia, 1852-1861) saw an opportunity to gain outside support for a future Sardinian war against Austria.
		As a result of this involvement, Sardinia was invited to the Peace Conference of Paris in 1856 and Cavour was able to make use of the opportunity to bring British and French attention to Italian problems.
	www.knowledge4africa.co.za /worldhistory/realism03.htm (1483 words)

	Rome - History
		Great artists like Perugino, II Sodoma, Raffaello and Michelangelo worked there, and though Rome was sacked once more, in ] 527, by the troops of Charles V, it remains one of the beacons of the artistic world.
		Thus, Italian unity was achieved without the Pope, who had become a steadfast opponent of the movement, and Victor Emanuel II, the King of Piedmont-Sardinia, was proclaimed King of Italy on 13 March 1861.
		Victor Emanuel, after a last approach to the Holy Father, sized Rome in spite of resistance by the Papal Guard.
	www.italyaonline.net /english/italy/rome/history.htm (694 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Victor Emmanuel II of Italy
		Victor Emmanuel II (Italian: Vittorio Emanuele II; March 14, 1820 – January 9, 1878) was the King of Piedmont, Savoy and Sardinia from 1849–1861.
		Charles Albert went to war in 1848 against the Austrian Empire (which ruled most of northern Italy), but was defeated at the Battle of Novara the following year.
		Charles Albert abdicated and Victor Emmanuel became king of Sardinia–Piedmont on March 24, 1849.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Victor_Emanuel_II_of_Sardinia (405 words)

	Millemaci-Arlotta Name Histories
		As a member of the House of Savoy, Victor Emanuel was a direct descendant of Umberto I "Biancamano" (White Hand), who founded the dynasty in the eleventh century.
		When war broke out with Austria in 1848, Victor Emanuel was given the command of a division and fought alongside his father.
		At the battle of Solferino, Victor Emanuel himself was in command of a corps of troops.
	www.famiglia-millemaci.com /Names-History.html (1460 words)

	Best of Sicily - Modern History, Culture, Genealogy, Language
		The Sovereign's grandson, Ferdinand II, was born at Palermo during this period, but the monarch and his son spent most of their time at the splendid Chinese Villa, set in a park at the foot of Mount Pellegrino, or at the Royal Hunting Lodge at Ficuzza, an estate in the mountains near Corleone.
		It would be contradicted in 1946 during the brief reign of Victor Emmanuel's descendant, Umberto II, who signed the decree establishing the Sicilian Region as a semi-autonomous part of Italy.
		Though thousands of Sicilians had lost their lives, either during the bombardments or in combat, the Allied victors were viewed as a benevolent force and warmly embraced by the population.
	www.bestofsicily.com /history3.htm (3095 words)

	Goortii dhulkayagii ..,
		Boqortooyada Sardinia : Waxay ka talinayasay gobollada koonfureed, dhulka ka hooseeya magaalada Roma.
		Victor Emanuel II oo ahaa boqorkii Sardinia, wuxuu helay dhamaan dhulkii uu ka talin jiray.
		Camillo di Cavour ayaa bishii julay ee sanadkaas wuxuu kamid noqday barlamaankii Piedmont, halkaas oo uu uga gudbay in uu oday ka noqdo dowladdii Sardinia.
	www.mudugonline.com /Qoraalo/dhulkayagii11.htm (2121 words)

	Victor Emmanuel II of Italy - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Victor Emmanuel II of Italy - Open Encyclopedia
		Victor Emmanuel II (in Italian: Vittorio Emanuele II) (March 14 1820 - January 9 1878) was the King of Piedmont, Savoy and Sardinia 1849 - 1861, and King of Italy 1861 - 1878.
		it:Vittorio Emanuele II di Savoia nl:Victor Emanuel II van Italië ja:ヴィットーリオ・エマヌエーレ2世 pt:Vítor Emanuel II
	www.open-encyclopedia.com /Victor_Emmanuel_II_of_Italy (132 words)

	Barron’s Chapter 8: The Unification of Italy, 1861; The Unification of Germany, 1871
		Austria declared war on Sardinia, and after a couple of victories, Napoleon pulled out of the war because of criticism at home and threats from the Prussians.
		Subdued Sicily and Naples, Two Sicilies joined Sardinia, and in March 1861, Kingdom of Italy was proclaimed with Victor Emanuel II on the throne.
		Wilhelm II Assumed throne in 1888, brought with him archaic notion of divine right of rule and a deep resentment of Bismarck’s personal power.
	members.tripod.com /nitro13/c8.htm (509 words)

	VICTOR EMMANUEL II OF ITALY FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Victor Emmanuel II (Italian: Vittorio Emanuele II; March_14, 1820 – January_9, 1878) was the King of Piedmont, Savoy and Sardinia from 1849–1861.
		On February_18, 1861, he assumed the title as King_of_Italy to become the first king of a united Italy, a title he held till his death in 1878.
		Under his command, and with the skillful action of his minister, Count_Cavour, the Kingdom of Sadinia grew to include whole Italy (1860 – 1870), and thus Victor Emmanuel II of Savoy became Victor Emmanuel II of Italy.
	www.askacouple.com /Victor_Emmanuel_II_of_Italy (235 words)

	Shroud History
		May 16 and 17, 1663: Exposition of the Shroud in the Cathedral of Turin is delayed from the normal May 4 date to coincide with the wedding of Duke Carlo Emanuele II of Savoy with Francesca d'Orleans.
		April 28, 1868: Princess Clotilde of Savoy (1843-1911), daughter of Victor Emanuel II and wife of Prince Gerolamo Napoleon, changes the Shroud's former lining cloth of fl silk that had been sewn on by Bl.
		May 24, 1998: Pope John Paul II visits the Shroud as it is displayed in the Cathedral of St. John the Baptist, in Turin.
	www.shroud.com /history.htm (12615 words)

	1861
		That son of Napoleon, known to posterity as the Duke of Reichstadt died in 1832 and was at that time heir to his mothers Duchy of Parma.
		After the Russians were defeated, France helped Sardinia in a war that took Lombardy from Austrian rule.
		The southern uprising by the revolutionary Giuseppe Garibaldi, in the Two Sicilies did the rest and in 1861 the Sardinian King, Victor-Emanuel II, was proclaimed King of Italy.
	home.zonnet.nl /gerardvonhebel/1861.htm (421 words)

	"C" Famous People
		Carlo Emanuele I of Savoy (1562-1630) Duke of Savoia, born in Rivoli, Piedmont, NW Italy.
		Catherine II, (1729-96) Empress of Russia (1762-96), born in Szczecin (Stettin), NW Poland.
		Charles II of Anjou, (1248-1309) King of Naples and Sicily, the son of Charles I, Prince of Salerno.
	www.jonathanselby.com /Cfam.html (17660 words)

	Italy sardinia - Italy - Sardinia — Undiscovered beaches (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Territory: Sardinia is the second largest island in the Mediterranean and is formed by a series at the foot of the Gennargentu.
		Italy Sardinia from or made in Italy, browse for Italy Sardinia Manufacturers, Suppliers, Factory, Exporters, Factories, OEM.
		Sardinia Guide Italy Tourist resources in Sardinia, pictures of beaches, links to flights, hotels, camping resorts, rental.
	www.infoseeds.com /ifsd/italy-sardinia.htm (357 words)

	Victor Emmanuel II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Victor Emanuel II VICTOR EMMANUEL II (1820-1878) First king (1861-1878) of united Italy and last king of Piedmont-Sardinia (1849-1861).
		Victor Emmanuel succeeded his father Charles Albert to the throne of Piedmont-Sardinia on March 24, 1849, following the abdication of Charles Albert after two humiliating defeats (1848 and 1849) by Austria.
		The first task to face the young, inexperienced monarch was making peace with Austria, which he successfully achieved by August 6, 1849, with the signing of the Treaty of Milan.
	www.cats.ohiou.edu /~Chastain/rz/victorem.htm (350 words)

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