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Topic: Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia

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	Victor Emmanuel II - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Victor Emmanuel, realizing that he could not continue the campaign alone, agreed most unwillingly to the armistice of Villafranca.
		Victor Emmanuel devoted himself to his duties as a constitutional king with great conscientiousness, but he took more interest in foreign than in domestic politics and contributed not a little to improving Italy's international position.
		On the 9th of January 1878, Victor Emmanuel died of fever in Rome, and was buried in the Pantheon.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Victor_Emmanuel_II (1855 words)

	Victor Emmanuel II - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Victor Emmanuel II (1820-78), king of Sardinia (1849-1861) and king of Italy (1861-1878), born on March 14, 1820, in Turin.
		On March 17, 1861, the kingdom of Italy was proclaimed, with Victor Emmanuel II as its constitutional king and Cavour as prime minister.
		Humbert II : accession to the throne of Italy: Victor Emmanuel III
	encarta.msn.com /Victor_Emmanuel_II.html (145 words)

	Victor Emmanuel II - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Victor Emmanuel II, King of Italy (Italian: Vittorio Emanuele II; March 14, 1820 – January 9, 1878) was the King of Piedmont, Savoy and Sardinia from 1849–1861.
		Victor Emmanuel II of Savoy became Victor Emmanuel II of Italy.
		Victor Emmanuel II was excommunicated from the Roman Catholic Church after the Italian army attacked Rome in 1870 and forced Pope Pius IX to retreat into Vatican City, a moment that marked the end of temporal papal power.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II_of_Italy (785 words)

	Victor Emmanuel III - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Victor Emmanuel III (1869-1947), king of Italy (1900-1946) and self-styled emperor of Ethiopia (1936-1944) and king of Albania (1939-1944), born in...
		Italy: assassination of Humbert I and ascension of Victor Emmanuel III
		Victor Emmanuel II, formerly king of Sardinia, became king of Italy in 1861 after the Italian states voted to form a unified kingdom.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Victor_Emmanuel_III.html (142 words)

	Sardinia, kingdom of - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		SARDINIA, KINGDOM OF [Sardinia, kingdom of] name given to the possessions of the house of Savoy (see Savoy, house of) in 1720, when the island of Sardinia was awarded (by the Treaty of London) to Duke Victor Amadeus II of Savoy to compensate him for the loss of Sicily to Austria.
		After the annexation (1861) of the Two Sicilies, Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia was proclaimed king of Italy.
		Although the name of the kingdom of Sardinia was derived from the island, Turin was its capital except from 1799 to 1814, when the mainland territories were annexed by France.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-sardnkng.html (337 words)

	Risorgimento. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Sardinia assumed the leadership of the Risorgimento in 1848 when the Lombardo-Venetian kingdom rose against Austrian rule and King Charles Albert intervened in favor of the rebels.
		The liberal movement gradually coalesced around Victor Emmanuel II and the policies of his minister Camillo Benso di Cavour.
		The spectacular conquest of the Two Sicilies (1860) by Giuseppe Garibaldi was followed by Sardinia’s annexation of Umbria and the Marches.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ri/Risorgim.html (805 words)

	Count Camillo Cavour Risorgimento Italian unification
		Although France and Sardinia were victorious it was at the cost of a formidable toll of lives, including battles the horror of which led a Swiss observer, Henri Dunant, to strive to found the International Red Cross Association.
		All of the earlier and later adherences of territory to Sardinia as a core state culminated in a proclamation of a kingdom of Italy on March 17th, 1861.
		Victor Emmanuel II was recognised as the first king of Italia "by the grace of God and the will of the people" in March by an Italian Parliament in session in Turin 1861.
	www.age-of-the-sage.org /historical/biography/camillo_cavour.html (2245 words)

	boys clothing : European royalty -- Italy modern monarchy
		Sardinia and France in 1859 expelled the Austrians from all of northern Italy except Venice.
		Victor Emmanuel II (1820-78), King of Sardinia (1849-61), was the first king of a united Italy (1861-78).
		Victor Emmanuel III (1869-1947) was the grandson of Victor Emmanuel II.
	histclo.com /royal/ita/royal-itm.htm (3319 words)

	Victor Emmanuel II. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		After the battle of Solferino, France signed a separate armistice with Austria at Villafranca di Verona; Victor Emmanuel was not consulted, but the terms were ratified in the Treaty of Zürich.
		Plebiscites in Naples and Sicily and in the Marches and Umbria (two provinces of the Papal States) favored union with Sardinia, and in 1861 the kingdom of Italy was proclaimed with Victor Emmanuel as king.
		The remainder of Victor Emmanuel’s reign was spent in the consolidation of the new kingdom.
	www.bartleby.com /65/vi/VictorEm2.html (420 words)

	Timeline Sardinia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		1759 Jul 24, Victor Emmanuel I, King of Sardinia (1802-21), was born.
		1820 Mar 14, Victor Emmanuel II, King of Sardinia (1849-61) and Italy (1861-78), was born.
		She was chosen by her cousin Camillo Cavour, prime minister of Sardinia under King Victor Emanuel, to win the emperor’s support for a war against the Austrians.
	timelines.ws /countries/SARDINIA.HTML (219 words)

	Victor Emmanuel, II Biography \| Encyclopedia of World Biography
		Victor Emmanuel II (1820-1878) was king of Sardinia from 1849 to 1861 and then the first king of Italy until 1878.
		The son of Charles Albert, Prince of Savoy-Carignano, Victor Emmanuel was born at Turin on March 14, 1820.
		Victor Emmanuel agreed to cede Savoy and Nice to France and to marry his daughter Clothier to Napoleon's cousin if France joined Sardinia in war against Austria.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/victor-emmanuel-ii (993 words)

	Gaeta Vocab (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Tyrrhenian Sea: An arm of the Mediterranean Sea between the Italian peninsula and the islands of Corsica, Sardinia, and Sicily.
		Sardinia: An island of Italy in the Mediterranean Sea south of Corsica.
		Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia became the first king of Italy in 1861 http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=Sardinia
	mason.gmu.edu /~hjackso5/Gaetanno.htm (250 words)

	Victor Emmanuel II — FactMonster.com
		Victor Emmanuel II Victor Emmanuel II, 1820–78, king of Sardinia (1849–61) and first king of united Italy (1861–78).
		Humbert I - Humbert I, 1844–1900, king of Italy (1878–1900), son and successor of Victor Emmanuel...
		Amadeus - Amadeus, 1845–90, king of Spain (1870–73), duke of Aosta, son of Victor Emmanuel II of...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/people/A0850810.html (442 words)

	VICTOR EMMANUEL II OF SARDINIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		When the Island of Sardinia was granted to Piedmont in 1720 a new conflict arose, as the pope claimed to be the sovereign of the island
		By two conventions made in 1741 the King of Sardinia was granted the Apostolic vicariate for the papal fiefs on condition of paying a quit-rent, and the questions of the, the revenues of during vacancy, and the administration of these vacant were adjusted
		She was the daughter of King Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia and, through the usual confusing web of European royal intermarriages, was third in line to the English throne
	www.webalice.it /design_2000/Victor_Emmanuel_II_of_Sardinia.html (1364 words)

	Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia
		Until 1814, Victor Emmanuel I lived in Cagliari, Sardinia, from where he commanded the fight against Napoleonic forces that had occupied all his mainland territories.
		He regained these at the fall of Napoleon's empire: the first Peace of Paris (1814) restored to him Piedmont, Savoy, and Nice, while the second (1815) granted him Genoa and the Ligurian region.
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Victor+Emmanuel+I+of+Sardinia (166 words)

	Victor Emmanuel II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Victor Emanuel II VICTOR EMMANUEL II (1820-1878) First king (1861-1878) of united Italy and last king of Piedmont-Sardinia (1849-1861).
		Victor Emmanuel succeeded his father Charles Albert to the throne of Piedmont-Sardinia on March 24, 1849, following the abdication of Charles Albert after two humiliating defeats (1848 and 1849) by Austria.
		Under the guidance of two able prime ministers Massimo d'Azeglio and then Camillo Benso di Cavour, both veterans of the 1848-49 turmoils, Victor Emmanuel successfully met various crises in the early years of his reign.
	www.ohiou.edu /~Chastain/rz/victorem.htm (350 words)

	Victor Emmanuel II of Italy (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		King Victor Emmanuel II of Italy Victor Emmanuel II (Italian: Vittorio Emanuele II; March 14, 1820—January 9, 1878) was the King of Piedmont, Savoy and Sardinia from 1849–1861, and King of Italy from 1861 until his death in 1878.
		Charles Albert abdicated and Victor Emmanuel became king of Sardinia–Piedmont.
		Category:Italian monarchs Category:Knights of the Garter Victor Emmanuel II Victor Emmanuel II Victor Emmanuel II de:Viktor Emmanuel II.
	victor-emmanuel-ii-of-italy.kiwiki.homeip.net.cob-web.org:8888 (310 words)

	Victor Emmanuel II of Italy (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Victor Emmanuel II (Italian: Vittorio Emanuele II; March 14, 1820 – January 9, 1878) was the King of Piedmont, Savoy and Sardinia from 1849–1861.
		Charles Albert abdicated and Victor Emmanuel became King of Sardinia–Piedmont on March 24, 1849.
		Category:Contemporary Italian History Category:Italian monarchs Category:Knights of the Garter Victor Emmanuel II Victor Emmanuel II Victor Emmanuel II de:Viktor Emanuel II.
	victor-emmanuel-ii-of-italy.iqnaut.net.cob-web.org:8888 (294 words)

	Columbia Encyclopedia- Villafranca di Verona - AOL Research & Learn (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In 1859, Napoleon III and Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria met there after the Austrian defeats at Magenta and Solferino and signed a preliminary peace treaty, which was formalized the same year by the Treaty of Zürich.
		Sardinia ignored the last two clauses; to obtain Napoleon's consent for this course, Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia ceded Nice and Menton to France (1860).
		The exclusion of Sardinia from the Treaty of Villafranca, an act that nearly deprived Victor Emmanuel of his leading role in the Risorgimento, was deeply resented throughout Italy and greatly harmed Franco-Italian relations.
	reference.aol.com /columbia/_a/villafranca-di-verona/20051207165509990011 (163 words)

	Francis Joseph. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		He subdued Hungary (1849) and in the same year defeated Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia.
		In the Italian War of 1859, in which he faced Napoleon III and Victor Emmanuel, he lost Lombardy to Sardinia by the Treaty of Villafranca di Verona.
		In the Austro-Prussian War (1866) his only territorial loss was that of Venetia to Italy, but his crushing defeat resulted in the loss of Austrian influence over German affairs and in the ascendancy of Prussia.
	www.bonus.com /contour/bartlettqu/http@@/www.bartleby.com/65/fr/FrancisJ.html (369 words)

	Italy Orders
		In 1859, King Victor Emmanuel II modified its statutes, reserving it for Heads of State and notable personnages (even non-Catholics and non-nobles).
		Established by King Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia 14.8.1815.
		Renewed by King Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia (later King Victor Emmanuel I of Italy) in 1855.
	www.antiquesatoz.com /orders/itaord.htm (272 words)

	Wikinfo \| Victor Emmanuel II of Italy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Victor Emmanuel II (in Italian: Vittorio Emanuele II) (March 14 1820 - January 9 1878) was the King of Piedmont, Savoy and Sardinia 1849 - 1861, and King of Italy 1861 - 1878.
		The Count of Mirafiori and Fontanafredda was probably their (illegitimate) son.
		Images, some of which are used under the doctrine of Fair use or used with permission, may not be available.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Victor_Emmanuel_II_of_Italy (184 words)

	Risorgimento - HighBeam Encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Secret societies such as the Carbonari appeared and carried on revolutionary activity after the restoration of the old order by the Congress of Vienna (1814-15).
		Cavour realized that Sardinia could not defeat Austria without foreign aid.
		See D. Smith, Victor Emanuel, Cavour, and the Risorgimento (1971); C. Lovett, Carlo Cattaneo and the Politics of the Risorgimento (1972), and the several works on the subject by G. Trevelyan.
	www.encyclopedia.com.cob-web.org:8888 /doc/1E1-Risorgim.html (917 words)

	Historical Content/Literary Terms from the Text
		Sardinia remained a safe haven for the supporters of a free, united Italy.
		1861- Kingdom of Italy is proclaimed and Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia becomes king.
		Victor Emmanuel III instead invites him to create a new government.
	www.angelfire.com /nj4/english/sections/lp/hc.html (541 words)

	AllRefer.com - Francis II, king of the Two Sicilies (Italian History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Francis II 1836–94, last king of the Two Sicilies (1859–61), son and successor of Ferdinand II.
		When he sought the alliance of Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia, around whom the movement for Italian unification had coalesced, it was too late : Garibaldi had conquered Sicily and was marching (1860) on Naples.
		There he and his queen, Maria of Bavaria (sister of Empress Elizabeth of Austria), resisted gallantly until 1861, when they surrendered to Victor Emmanuel.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/F/Francis2Sic.html (253 words)

	Francis II - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		Francis II 1836-94, last king of the Two Sicilies (1859-61), son and successor of Ferdinand II.
		When he sought the alliance of Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia, around whom the movement for Italian unification had coalesced, it was too late— Garibaldi had conquered Sicily and was marching (1860) on Naples.
		Interview: Justin Francis Rigali discusses his sense of loss over the death of John Paul II and what qualities may be looked for when choosing his successor
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-Francis2Sic.html (373 words)

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