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Topic: Victorian Legislative Council

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	Legislative_Council
		The Legislative Council of New Brunswick (abolished in 1892)
		The Legislative Council of Nova Scotia (abolished in 1928)
		The Legislative Council of Quebec (abolished in 1967)
	www.apawn.com /search.php?title=Legislative_Council (293 words)

	Legislative Council - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A Legislative Council in British constitutional thought is the second-to-top tier of a government led by a Governor-General, Governor or a Lieutenant-Governor, inferior to an Executive Council and equal to or superior to a Legislative Assembly.
		Though the Legislative Council should in theory operate as a legislature of a governorate (not necessarily a colony) with either appointed or elected members or both, the separate development of governments in the British Empire and Commonwealth has seen the Councils evolve in to many different forms.
		The inferior chamber/Lower House is sometimes called the Legislative Assembly, except in the Isle of Man, where it is the House of Keys, and in the Australian states of South Australia and Tasmania, where it is the House of Assembly.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Legislative_Council (370 words)

	Legislative Council Summary. Antony Green Election Guide. Western Australia 2005. Australian Broadcasting Corporation ...
		Failure to agree on changes to the Council and on the voting rights of the Council President led to the passage of the electoral amendments being judged unconstitutional for not having had the required absolute majority.
		A key point to remember with the Legislative Council's electoral system is that the final vacancy in each region, in some cases the final two, will be decided by preferences.
		The Council was refomed in 1963 and 1964, so that there would in future be two members elected from each province for six year terms, one retiring every three years meaning elections could be held jointly with the Legislative Assembly.
	www.abc.net.au /elections/wa/2005/guide/lcsummary.htm (1447 words)

	Paul Strangio \| Labor and Reform of the Victorian Legislative Council, 1950–2003 \| Labour History, 86 \| The ...
		The legislation's chief purpose was reform of Victorian Labor's historical nemesis, the Legislative Council.
		The history chronicled by Serle in his 1954 article suggested that the role performed by the Legislative Council in Victorian politics during its first century was exactly as the framers of Victoria's Constitution had intended it — a restraint on the democratic urges of the Legislative Assembly.
		Costar's contention that the 1984 legislation stripped the Council of the power to force an early election during the fixed three-year portion of the Assembly term is further discussed in Stone, 'Bicameralism and Democracy', pp.
	www.historycooperative.org /journals/lab/86/strangio.html (9711 words)

	JOAN KIRNER FACTS AND INFORMATION
		She was President of the Victorian Federation of States School Parents' Clubs, an influential education lobby from 1971 to 1977 and its executive officer from 1978 to 1982.
		In 1982 she was elected as a Labor member of the Victorian_Legislative_Council, the upper house of the Victorian Parliament.
		At the 1988 election Kirner shifted to the Legislative Assembly, becoming MP for Williamstown, and was promoted to the Education portfolio.
	www.abait.com /Joan_Kirner (650 words)

	Dictionary of Australian Biography St-Sy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		He was a member of the legislative council for many years from 1875, taking an active part in the debates, and from 1880 he was president of the trustees of the national gallery.
		From 1870 to 1874 he was clerk of the legislative council, in 1879 he was appointed acting attorney-general, and he was nominated a member of the legislative council in 1880.
		Stuart resigned in October 1885 and was nominated to a seat in the legislative council.
	www.gutenberg.net.au /dictbiog/0-dict-biogSt-Sy.html (21218 words)

	Antony Green Analysis: The Draft Victorian Legislative Council Boundaries. July, 8, 2005. Australian Broadcasting ...
		At the 2002 Victorian election, Labor's landslide victory in the lower house also delivered Labor a majority in the state's upper house, the Legislative Council.
		The ability of the Council to block supply bills was also removed, preventing a government being forced from office by a hostile upper house.
		Under the new legislation, the Electoral Boundaries Commission was given the task of drawing the new boundaries.
	www.abc.net.au /elections/vic/2005/vic_lc_boundaries_commentary.htm (925 words)

	PR for the Victorian Legislative Council!
		Since PR legislation for the Legislative Council has been passed, and further reform is unlikely in the near future, we have shifted our focus to other areas (such as local government).
		The first reading speech of the latest bill to introduce PR to the Legislative Council was on the morning of Wednesday February 26, 2003 (three members of the PRSAV-T council were in the visitor's gallery to witness this historic event).
		The previous bill to introduce PR to the Legislative Council, the Constitution (Parliamentary Reform) Bill failed to obtain an absolute majority on its third reading in the Legislative Assembly early in the morning of Thursday 10 October 2002 (despite what it may indicate on the "Status Report" from the link above).
	www.prsa.org.au /viclc (592 words)

	1856 Electoral Roll
		Elections for the Legislative Council took place in August and September 1856 and for the Legislative Assembly in September and October 1856.
		To vote for the Legislative Assembly one had to be 21 or over, have resided in the colony for over one year, be able to read and write and to own property worth £50 or occupy property worth £10, or lease Crown lands or have a Salary of £100 per annum.
		Electors of the Council had be over 21 years old, and could qualify by owning or leasing property with an annual value of at least 1000 pounds, by having graduated from a British University, or by being a lawyer, doctor, clergyman or army or navy officer.
	home.vicnet.net.au /~kilmore/1856_electoral_roll.htm (324 words)

	Victorian_Legislative_Council (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Legislative Council, or upper house, is one of the two chambers of the Parliament of Victoria, Australia.
		Although it is possible for legislation to be first introduced in the Council, most bills receive their first hearing in the Legislative Assembly.
		The Council was created in 1851, four years before the Assembly, and today has 44 members serving eight-year terms.
	www.comicscomics.com /search.php?title=Victorian_Legislative_Council (260 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This deficit has been apparent in every election for the Legislative Council since the abolition of the property franchise, which in turn was an explicit democratic inhibitor.
		LEGISLATIVE POWER The Victorian Legislative Council must have powers both to amend and reject legislation, as well as to initiate legislation.
		If the Council’s authority in relation to Supply (or similar) Bills is removed, the Democrats recommend that the Legislative Council be given the power to ‘untack’ compounded Bills as appropriate.
	www.vic.democrats.org.au /Leg_Council_Reform.doc (3367 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		\par \par Legislation is a be to be, and frequently is, amended by Senators from all parties and they are arguably better informed about that legislation than those in the lower house by virtue of the Senate committee's public inquiry process through which the vast majority of legislation is put.
		\par \par For this reason, it is important that the Legislative Council has the same power to amend or reject legislation as the lower house, including money bills, otherwise the Council and their deliberations would be certain to be ignored by the government of the day.
		Victorian voters were to advised prior to the election of the Liberal party's intentions wi th regard to any of the matters mentioned previously.
	www.vic.democrats.org.au /leg_council_ref2.rtf (572 words)

	But what do we mean by the secret ballot, or the Australian Ballot as it is still known in parts of the United States
		in 1850-51 and was elected to the Legislative Council in 1852.
		Importantly, the Victorian legislation didn’t provide for one hundred percent secrecy in the vote; it made the ballot slips traceable.
		This was what the Victorian Legislative Council “invented”, the procedure in which a voter takes the ballot slip from the official, retires to a private room and, having chosen their candidate, places the paper in the ballot box under the eye of the official.
	www.enrollingthepeople.com /my_papers/draft_paper_on_ballot.htm (6022 words)

	Politics and Culture
		As Victorian residents rushed north to NSW, the Victorian administration responded by attempting to lure them back by promising a Â£1,000 reward for the discovery of gold within Victoria.
		The Victorian colony grew from a population of around 5,000 in 1839 to over 250,000 in 1854, over half the total white population.
		This was the first of six offensives by the Victorian state against the Ballarat miners, provoking some resistance each time, and leading up to the final offensive against the stockade.
	aspen.conncoll.edu /politicsandculture/page.cfm?key=362 (4806 words)

	Democracy and Accountability (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		We have also sought to reform the Legislative Council, which is recognised as the most undemocratic upper house in Australia.
		Labor will legislate to provide for concurrent fixed four year terms for Members of the Legislative Council and Members of the Legislative Assembly consistent with the terms of the Constitution (Parliamentary Reform) Bill presented to the Victorian Parliament in October 2002.
		Victorians have seen the consequences of a lack of constitutional protection for important democratic offices such as the Department of Public Prosecutions and Auditor General.
	www.vic.alp.org.au /policy/democracy_accountability.html (2162 words)

	LONG TERM VALUE FROM UPPER HOUSE
		It is the often-unpublicised strengths of the Legislative Council that will see it through the current ALP attack on the future of our bicameral system of Parliament.
		Victorians have every right to be concerned about threats posed by the State Government's plan to abolish the Legislative Council and end its vital role of scrutiny.
		These themes are all the more troubling when you consider that the existing Legislative Council electoral system, including terms of office of up to eight years, was introduced by no less a figure than John Cain in the mid 1980s.
	www.markbirrell.com /Upper.htm (1338 words)

	Legislative Council (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Though the Legislative Council should in theory operate as a legislature of a governorate (not necessarily a colony) with either appointed or elected members or both, the separate development of governments in the British Empire and Commonwealth of Nations has seen the Councils evolve in to many different forms.
		Legislative Council of Macau (formerly a Portuguese governed territory) Where the Legislative Council has assumed extra functions Usually in this case the Legislative Council functioned as an Upper House or second chamber of a bicameral legislature operating under the Westminster System.
		The inferior chamber/Lower House is sometimes the Legislative Assembly.
	read-and-go.hopto.org /Legislatures/Legislative-Council.html (248 words)

	Articles - Charles Sladen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In November 1855 Sladen was nominated to the Victorian Legislative Council, and was appointed acting Treasurer.
		When Victoria gained responsible government in 1856, Sladen was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly as Member for Geelong, and became Treasurer in the ministry of William Haines, a position he held until March 1857.
		In 1876 Sladen was again elected to the Council for Western Province, and became the de facto leader of the Council in its conflicts with the Assembly.
	www.lastring.com /articles/Charles_Sladen?mySession=a98ee9ca04b1b10b11d93701f7ca4d05 (462 words)

	Why parliament's house of review is long overdue for a review - theage.com.au
		When it was established in 1851 its purpose was to protect the interests of wealth and privilege from the democratic excesses of the lower house.
		In the seven years of the Kennett government, 739 bills passed through the conservative controlled Legislative Council and not a single amendment proposed by the opposition was ever passed.
		The government supports the model that would reduce the number of Legislative Council members by four, and provide for eight electoral regions of five members.
	www.theage.com.au /articles/2002/07/12/1026185108560.html (890 words)

	Electoral Council of Australia - Electoral Systems- Preferential Voting Systems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The empty box is treated as the voter's last preference, eg: voting for the Victorian Legislative Council and Assembly.
		The number "1" preference must be shown and other preferences may be indicated, eg: voting for the NSW Legislative Assembly.
		The Electoral Council of Australia (ECA) is a consultative council of Electoral Commissioners and Chief Electoral Officers from the electoral authorities of the Commonwealth, States and Territories of Australia.
	www.eca.gov.au /systems/single/by_category/preferential.htm (527 words)

	Eureka on Trial : Glossary
		Advised by the Executive Council, the Colonial Secretary was the chief official of government from 1851–55.
		In the further administrative arrangements notified by the Governor on 4 October 1859, the Colonial Secretary was referred to as the "Colonial Secretary or Chief Secretary to the Government".
		The Victorian Legislative Council in 1854 consisted of thirty members, twenty of whom were elected.
	eureka.imagineering.com.au /glossary.htm (1201 words)

	The Samuel Griffith Society: Volume 2: Chapter Eleven
		This, together with a contingent motion that the Legislative Assembly should be acquainted with the terms of the foregoing resolution and asked to concur in it, was passed by the Legislative Council without a division.
		With the Legislative Assembly's concurrence, the two Houses of the Victorian Parliament, in an action for which there was then no precedent and which has not to my knowledge been emulated since, met in joint session in the chamber of the Legislative Assembly on 10 and 11 November, 1942.
		The Victorian Premier was to reflect on this general air of confusion when, on 9 December l942, he moved the second reading in the Victorian Legislative Assembly of the Commonwealth Powers Bill which was the direct outcome of that Convention so-called.
	www.samuelgriffith.org.au /papers/html/volume2/v2chap11.htm (6721 words)

	Constitution (Parliamentary Reform) Bill: Victoria [March 2003]
		This is the full text of the bill passed by both houses of the Victorian Parliament which introduces fixed 4-year terms and reforms the Legislative Council by reducing its membership and introduces proportional representation.
		(2) The Council is to consist of 40 members who are to be representatives of, and elected by, the electors of the respective regions.
		University of Ballarat Act 1993In section 3 of the University of Ballarat Act 1993, in the definition of "Ballarat region", for "province for the Legislative Council of Victoria of Ballarat" substitute "districts for the Legislative Assembly of Victoria of Ballarat East and Ballarat West".
	www.australianpolitics.com /states/vic/2003/parliamentary-reform-bill.shtml (12271 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In the 1999 general election for the Legislat ive Council the ALP won 42.4 per cent of the primary vote and 50.1 per cent of the two party preferred vote across the state.
		\par \par The ACTU regards the issue of selection of members of the Legislative Council as the key issue to be dealt with if there is to be any reform of the Council.
		If the Legislative Council is to be elected at the same tim e as the Assembly and on the basis of multi-member electorates there is no need for a nexus.
	www.actu.asn.au /public/papers/vicconstcomm/vicconstcomm.rtf (1525 words)

	Australia's Prime Ministers - Meet a PM - Menzies - Before (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In October 1928 Menzies entered the Victorian Legislative Council, having won a by-election for the seat of East Yarra.
		At the December 1929 Victorian State election, Menzies moved to the lower House, successfully contesting the Legislative Assembly seat of Nunawading.
		Menzies’ years as a Victorian minister were characterised by barely suppressed hostility between the Country Party and himself.
	primeministers.naa.gov.au /meetpm.asp?pmId=12&pageName=before (3846 words)

	QN2001A: March 2001 Newsletter of the Proportional Representation Society of Australia
		Also a lawyer, Mr Hunt was a Liberal Member of the South Eastern Province in the Legislative Council of Victoria from 1961 to 1992, holding a number of senior ministerial portfolios up to the early 1980s, and then becoming President of the Legislative Council till 1992.
		In Western Australia, in 79% of the Legislative Assembly seats (45 of 57), the first preference votes of an absolute majority of voters were for candidates that were not elected, whereas that applied to 47% of Queensland seats (42 of 89).
		The Coalition held half of the seats in the previous Legislative Council during the previous Parliament, all seats in which are contestable at each General Election, unlike the other Upper Houses in Australia, where members normally retire in rotation.
	www.prsa.org.au /qn/2001a.html (2043 words)

	News
		On October 17, 1963, Walton delivered an antiScientology speech in the Victorian Legislative Council, calling for a full governmental inquiry into the practices of the dangerous cult.
		In a high-decibel speech before the Legislative Council, Galbally censured the Government for its failure to deal with the wicked "cult", despite repeated warnings from the Mental Hygiene Authority "and other responsible persons and bodies" (meaning mental health lobbyists and the AMA).
		From his briefcase he produced an E-meter, the harmless device that had figured in the now-famous FDA raid on the Founding Church of Scientology in Washington."This is the instrument the Scientologists use to extract confessions from people in prominent places in the community," he told House members.
	barabu.iwarp.com /s6.htm (853 words)

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