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| | Napoleonic Titles and Heraldry |
 | | The first batch of titles were created in 1806: these were territorial principalities ceded as "immediate fiefs of the crown", or "great fiefs of the crown" established in Italy on particular lands, a 1/15th of whose income was attached to the title as revenue. |
 | | Titles, whether automatically obtained by office or conferred by the Emperor, were life titles only, unless an endowment was created, either by the holder of the title out of his own estate (for automatic titles) or by the Emperor when he conferred the title. |
 | | Pauline, sister of the Emperor, was granted the principality of Guastalla, with title of princess and duchess of Guastalla, by decree of 30 March 1806. |
| www.heraldica.org /topics/france/napoleon.htm (6133 words) |
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