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Topic: Vicuna

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	Vicuna Inca Gold of the Andes. Antonio Gutierrez
		The vicuna, at 70-90 cm (28-35 in) and 35-50 kilos (77-110 lbs.), is the smallest of the four and has the finest hair, making it highly valued.
		Famed for its smoothness, warmth and light weight, the vicuna wool is untangled and sold by the Lucanas peasant community to exporters for $285 a pound, said Miguel Penafiel, president of the hilly community in Ayacucho state, 370 miles (410 kilometers) southeast of Lima.
		The vicunas were sheared beneath a cloudless sky, under a cliff where a rainbow-colored wiphala flag -- the symbol of Andean indigenous peoples -- rippled in a forceful gale.
	agutie.homestead.com /files/incas/inca_vicuna_1.html (1019 words)

	ADW: Vicugna vicugna: Information
		Vicunas are found in semiarid rolling grasslands and plains at altitudes of 3,500-5,750 meters.
		Compared to the similar-looking Lama guanicoe, the vicuna is one fourth the size, its body is paler, and it lacks callosities on the inner sides of the forelimbs.
		Vicunas are one of the few ungulates to possess a feeding territory and a separate sleeping territory.
	animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu /site/accounts/information/Vicugna_vicugna.html (971 words)

	Alpacas: Synthesis of a Miracle - Prologue Vicuna - By Mike Safley
		Vicuna and guanacos, another wild camelid, populated the western face of South America for hundreds of thousands of years, their numbers so large they were impossible to count.
		The vicunas were finally declared an endangered species and, in 1965, the region known as Pampa Galeras, in the Peruvian department of Ayacucho, was designated a national vicuna reserve, with 16,000 acres and 1,000 vicunas.
		By observing the vicuna's primary social groups, he discovered that families were made up of six to eight females and one male, which grazed 40 to 50 acres on a permanent basis, and slept in adjacent, highly defined areas along the ridges overlooking their pasture.
	www.alpacas.com /AlpacaLibrary/Html/VicunaPrologue.htm (1398 words)

	[No title]
		Vicuna habitat in Argentina is bounded to the west by the volcanic chain of the Andean Cordillera in Chile, in the east by the eastern Cordillera and the Sierra Pampeanas mountains, in the north by contiguous vicuna habitat in Bolivia, and in the south, vicuna habitat extends into the Province of San Juan.
		Vicuna numbers were low in 1965, gradually built to high levels in 1990, were significantly reduced by illegal hunting during the 1992-94 period of civil unrest, and have since recovered to 1990 levels.
		Vicuna populations in the four range countries are not believed to be endangered from the impacts of disease or predation, in part because the numbers of individuals within each population are considered to be increasing.
	www.eswr.com /f989.txt (13440 words)

	Peace of Yarn :: Alpaca :: Fiber
		Vicunas are known as the "bearers of the golden fleece" for good reason.
		Peace of Yarn only sells legal vicuna fiber with documentation guaranteeing that the fiber is from living animals taken from one of the regions where vicunas are a "threatened" species and no longer an "endangered" species.
		Today, thanks to the efforts of dedicated and foresighted officials, the vicuna population has reached approximately 15,000 and their fleeces are being harvested in ways that will ensure the continued growth of the species.
	www.peaceofyarn.com /vicuna.htm (769 words)

	Vicunas: Bearers of the Golden Fleece
		The boldest vicuna breaks from the herd and runs straight toward a gap, but the alert villagers scramble to fill the empty space, and yell and swing clothing above their heads.
		Vicuna fleece was seen as so valuable that only the Inca ruler and his court were allowed to wear garments spun form it.
		he challenge facing vicuna policy makers in all four countries is how to allow commercial harvesting in a way that includes indigenous villagers but at the same time discourages the illegal poaching.
	www.bonnydoonalpacas.org /vicunart.html (1444 words)

	Vintage Llama Treasures - "The Vicuna" Collector's Plare
		The female vicuna pauses in her grazing to look out over the plain and the little vicunita nuzzles close to its mother for warmth.
		And, fortunately, vicunas occupy sparse, high-altitude areas not highly desired for human habitation, so the species is not immediately threatened, as are many others, by agricultural or urban development.
		Vicunas also are endowed with soft, cushiony footpads that enable them to move surely and swiftly over rocky terrain.
	www.nose-n-toes.com /vicuna.htm (717 words)

	Wild Fibers Magazine: Article - The Precious Vicuna
		Their fleece was so valuable (vicuna fabric currently sells for $1,800 to $3,000 per yard) that only royalty could wear garments made from it.
		Although vicuna are swift runners, reaching speeds up to 30 miles per hour, the herds can be very vulnerable to poaching and predation from pumas and foxes.
		Yet vicuna fiber was not allowed to be exported internationally, which had the dual benefits of giving indigenous villages a source of income while preventing wide-spread poaching.
	www.wildfibersmagazine.com /page.php?23 (776 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		As a result, vicuna is one of the few success stories of wildlife conservation: so much so that the population has increased to a level where it is now considered appropriate to permit harvesting of the fibre of live shorn animals by local communities.
		Under the former system, vicuna roam wild and once a year they are rounded up and half of them are sheared. Captive management refers to a system of fully-fenced enclosures, where vicuna are kept permanently. The merits of captive management have now become of central concern.
		Vicuna are provided free, but an equivalent number of vicuna are to be returned at the end of the period.
	www.bioecon.ucl.ac.uk /Venice/McNeill.doc (6355 words)

	Vicuna (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		The Vicuna is undomesticated and is considered an endangered species.
		Vicuna are the smallest of the Camelid family standing at just 2ft 8"-3ft 7" (0.8-1.1m) at the shoulder.
		The vicuna produces one of the finest fibres of any animal in the world.
	www.llama.co.uk /vicuna.htm (102 words)

	Cecilia Vicuna - New York, New York - Brief Article ArtForum - Find Articles
		The installation cloud-net filled the gallery space with what Vicuna calls the "being and non-being of weaving." Ten thick, soft strands of white merino wool were woven across the room, subdividing the gallery into large, open squares.
		The over/under intersections were loose and the cords slack, so that while the ends were attached where the walls met the ceiling, the net hung low in the center; someone wishing to cross the middle had to duck in and out of its mesh.
		Vicuna's attention to contingent materials has been linked to arte povera and Fluxus, as well as to certain aspects of Minimalism, though it derives, too, from her long investigation of indigenous Andean aesthetics and textiles.
	findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0268/is_2_38/ai_57475798 (570 words)

	CONVENTION FOR THE CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE VICUNA
		Summary of the "Convention for the Conservation and Management of the Vicuna" is available from the UNEP Register of International Treaties and Other Agreements in the Field of the Environment.
		In case any of the Parties hereto reaches a vicuna population level, which in terms of management would allow the production of meat, viscera and bones, as well as the processing of skins and wool into cloth, it may proceed to their trade under strict State control.
		Management: The application of methods to increase the vicuna population until the grazing capacity of a specific region, zone or area has been reached, and thereafter to maintain a balance between those two factors, employing technically accepted methods, such as the translocation and/or culling of vicunas.
	sedac.ciesin.org /entri/texts/vicuna.1979.html (895 words)

	[Noticias] Peruvians look to the fuzzy vicuna as answer to poverty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		And they are pinning their hopes on the vicuna, a little-known Andean animal about the size of a doe.
		The bulk of the vicuna herds are found in the departments (states) of Ayacucho, Apurimac, Huancavelica, and Puno, where poverty has hit more than 70 percent of the population.
		The Peruvian government liberalized its policies on vicuna wool in 1992, and Andean communities immediately resumed the centuries-old practice of herding and shearing the animals in a ritual known as the chaccu.
	listas.rcp.net.pe /pipermail/noticias/2002-August/001561.html (852 words)

	ArtForum: Cecilia Vicuna - New York, New York - Brief Article
		The installation cloud-net filled the gallery space with what Vicuna calls the "being and non-being of weaving." Ten thick, soft strands of white merino wool were woven across the room, subdividing the gallery into large, open squares.
		The over/under intersections were loose and the cords slack, so that while the ends were attached where the walls met the ceiling, the net hung low in the center; someone wishing to cross the middle had to duck in and out of its mesh.
		Vicuna's attention to contingent materials has been linked to arte povera and Fluxus, as well as to certain aspects of Minimalism, though it derives, too, from her long investigation of indigenous Andean aesthetics and textiles.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0268/is_2_38/ai_57475798 (602 words)

	What is Vicuna? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		The vicuna is a rare wild animal which sports hair less than half the diameter of the finest sheep’s wool.
		With such inhospitable conditions it is a wonder that the vicuna survives at all.
		The fibers of vicuna wool are so sensitive to chemical treatment that the wool is normally used in it’s natural golden color.
	ksks.essortment.com /vicunawoolwhat_rhwq.htm (699 words)

	Vicunas! Vicuna Facts and Information.
		Unfortunately, due to their very valuable fleece vicunas were nearly hunted to extinction by the late l970s.
		he vicuna is a hardy survivor adapted to high altitudes, where drought and freezing nights are the rule.
		Entirely wild, vicunas live in small family groups led by a single territorial male that vigilantly repels rival males and small predators threatening the young.
	www.bonnydoonalpacas.org /vicunas.html (387 words)

	Sustainable use for vicuna conservation Endangered Species Bulletin - Find Articles
		Due to the exceptional quality of its wool, vicuna populations cascaded from an estimated several million animals in the 1500s to fewer than 15,000 in the late 1960s.
		In a sustainable-use program, wild vicunas are herded, captured, shorn of their fleece, and released unharmed.
		After CITES' success in promoting the sustainable use of vicuna, the Fish and Wildlife Service reviewed the biological status of the species and reclassified populations in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru from endangered to threatened in 2002.
	findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0ASV/is_2_30/ai_n15763451 (709 words)

	6/25/2002~SERVICE RE-OPENS U.S. MARKET TO “GOLDEN FLEECE” AS FOUR VICUNA POPULATIONS RECLASSIFIED TO THREATENED (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		The Incas used wild vicuna for its luxurious golden-colored fleece and thought the wool so valuable that only the ruler and his court were allowed to wear it.
		Due to the drastic population decline of vicuna in the 1900's, the United States listed the animal as endangered throughout its range under the ESA.
		In addition, in 1975, to protect it from extinction due to trade, the CITES member nations listed all vicuna populations in the treaty’s Appendix I, prohibiting all commercial trade in vicuna and its fleece.
	news.fws.gov /newsreleases/r9/C490E9F5-C0F2-496A-B5E9D140403EFDAC.html (737 words)

	Science News: Camelid comeback: scientists search for ways to save wild cousins on two continents - preservation ...
		While the ancestor of the llama is indeed the guanaco, the ancestor of the alpaca is really the vicuna, according to a 2001 genetic study by an international team including Jane C. Wheeler, director of the South American Camelid Research and Development Organization in Lima.
		Wheeler says that despite the required 100-m opening in each enclosure, the fences impede passage of roving vicuna bachelors and thereby a free flow of genes among vicuna populations.
		Wheeler and her colleagues have identified four genetically distinct groups of vicuna in Peru, but the scientists can't yet distinguish the groups' boundaries.
	www.findarticles.com /cf_dls/m1200/2_163/96738514/p1/article.jhtml (1505 words)

	Tenke Mining Corp. - Precious/Base Metal Exploration - Argentina - Tue Nov 8, 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Vicuna appears to be part of a larger regional multi-porphyry system which shows a vertical section of over 1,000 metres with evidence of mineralized targets of several ages.
		A new 1,170 metre program in 4 widely spaced holes was completed in March, 2004 on the Filo del Sol target, testing the deeper portions of the open mineralization previously discovered as well as exploring the potential northern extension of the copper/gold zone.
		The variable conditions of the mineralized intervals at depth as well as the relationships between gold and copper zones in most of the holes are interpreted to correlate with exotic copper mineralization along strongly fractured zones where gold was deposited initially as the result of epithermal fluid interaction.
	www.tenke.com /s/GoldExplorationArgentina.asp (1511 words)

	Vicuna News - Gold of the Andes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		The populations of the vicuna, the smallest member of the camel family, were downlisted because their numbers are increasing in response to conservation actions taken in the four countries.
		The vicuna is a hardy animal adapted to the high altitudes of the Andes Mountains.
		The Incas used wild vicuna for its golden colored fleece and considered the wool so valuable that only the ruler and his court were allowed to wear it.
	www.joyuk.com /vicuna-news.htm (2639 words)

	Vicuna Scarves, Shawls from Joy UK (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		The vicuna yields the world’s finest fleece; it has been named the gold of the Andes, as no other product is as exclusive.
		Vicuna wool is incredibly hard to process, and requires a lot of manual labour before it can be processed into yarn.
		All vicuna scarves, shawls, guanaco scarves and stoles have the required import licenses in accordance with the convention in trade of endangered species.
	www.joyuk.com /vicuna.htm (334 words)

	Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		The vicuna is wilder than the alpaca and can be difficult to tame.
		The paco-vicuna is a cross between the alpaca and the vicuna.
		Its fleece grows faster than that of a vicuna and the paco-vicuna is tamer as well.
	www.vicunaregistry.com /articles.htm (3219 words)

	[No title]
		The vicuna is the smallest of all camelids, weighing only about 90 pounds, and standing just under 3 feet at the shoulder.
		Thankfully, the vicuna was declared endangered, and trading it or shaving it was outlawed before it became completely extinct.
		The communal effort of catching large groups of vicunas is known as "chacu." This method where great herds of vicunas and scores of people are grouped to trap them, shear them, and return them to the wild dates back to the Incas.
	www.pitt.edu /~lincs/andbg/flofau/pflofau1.htm (1205 words)

	CONVENTION FOR THE CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE VICUNA
		The Signatory Governments agree that conservation of the vicuna provides an economic production alternative for the benefit of the Andean population and commit themselves to its gradual use under strict State control, applying such technical methods for the management of wildlife as the competent official authorities may determine.
		The Signatory Governments prohibit the export of fertile vicunas, semen or other reproductive material, with the exception of those destined to one of the member countries for the purpose of research and/or repopulation.
		The Signatory Governments undertake to maintain and develop national parks and reserves and other protected areas containing vicuna populations, and to extend the areas of repopulation managed as wildland areas, as a matter of priority and always under State control.
	eelink.net /~asilwildlife/vicuna.html (806 words)

	BQD Ranch - Llama, Alpaca, Vicuna, Guanaco Facts
		Their inclusion in this family is based upon their characteristic traits of being hornless, cud-chewing ruminants with an even number of toes and padded feet.
		One distinguishing characteristic that links these species to their wild descendants is that both the alpaca and vicuna have no enamel on the tongue side of their incisors, which allows these teeth to continually grow as they wear down from grazing.
		Those heading west became camels and those moving south are the modern llamas, alpacas, vicunas, and guanacos.
	www.bar-q-diamond.com /Information/llamafacts.htm (1684 words)

	NPR : Vicuna Poaching on the Rise in Peruvian Andes
		Vicuna Poaching on the Rise in Peruvian Andes
		Day to Day, May 25, 2005 · Reese Erlich reports on the rise in vicuna poaching in the high plains of the Peruvian Andes.
		The animal's hair is used to make some of the finest and most expensive wool garments in the world, and the animal is closely protected by the Peruvian government.
	www.npr.org /templates/story/story.php?storyId=4666429&sourceCode=RSS (142 words)

	Vicuna by Shalexis
		The mother had her baby vicuna deep in the woods, so that no one could take her away.
		The sound was from hunters coming to kill the vicuna’s for their wool.
		The hunters ran off and never returned, and the vicunas were safe forever from the hunters.
	www2.lhric.org /pocantico/5thgrade99/vicuna.htm (269 words)

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