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	Vietnam War - MSN Encarta
		This government’s repressive policies led to rebellion in the South, and in 1960 the NLF was formed with the aim of overthrowing the government of South Vietnam and reunifying the country.
		In May 1941 Vietnamese nationalists established the League for the Independence of Vietnam, or Viet Minh, seeing the turmoil of World War II as an opportunity to overthrow French colonial rule.
		Vietnamese Communists and many non-Communist Vietnamese nationalists saw the creation of the RVN as an effort by the United States to interfere with the independence promised at Geneva.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761552642/Vietnam_War.html (2776 words)

	Vietnamese Fatherland Front - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Vietnamese Fatherland Front (Vietnamese: Mặt Trận Tổ Quốc Việt Nam) is an umbrella group of pro-government "mass movements" in Vietnam, and has close links to the Communist Party of Vietnam and the Vietnamese government.
		The Front is described by the Vietnamese government as "the political base of people's power." It is intended to have a significant role in society, promoting "national solidarity" and "unity of mind in political and spiritual matters." Many of the government's social programs are conducted through the Front.
		Because the Front is based around mass participation and popular mobilization, it is seen as representative of the people, and Vietnam's constitution and laws give it a special role.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vietnamese_Fatherland_Front (327 words)

	Vietnamese Fatherland Front - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - Music
		The Vietnamese Fatherland Front (Vietnamese: Mặt Trận Tổ Quốc Việt Nam) is an umbrella group of pro-government "mass movements" in Vietnam, and has close links to the Communist Party of Vietnam and the Vietnamese government.
		The Front is described by the Vietnamese government as "the political base of people's power." It is intended to have a significant role in society, promoting "national solidarity" and "unity of mind in political and spiritual matters." Many of the government's social programs are conducted through the Front.
		Because the Front is based around mass participation and popular mobilization, it is seen as representative of the people, and Vietnam's constitution and laws give it a special role.
	www.music.us /education/V/Vietnamese-Fatherland-Front.htm (511 words)

	VN Embassy : Learn about Vietnam : Culture : Beliefs and religions
		The Vietnamese religions have never opposed or competed with one another, but were united in a national united front, the Vietnam Fatherland Front, peacefully coexisting in the Vietnamese community, and contributing to the struggle against foreign aggression for national construction.
		The Vietnamese folk beliefs since the ancient time consist of belief in fertility, worship of nature and worship of man. Human beings need to be reproduced, crops need to be lushly green for the nourishment and development of life, so belief in fertility came into existence.
		The Vietnamese proclaimed themselves as belonging to the Hong Bang family line and the Tien Rong breed (Hong Bang was the name of a huge species of water-bird, Tien, or Fairy, was deification of an egg-laying species of bird, Rong, or Dragon, was an abstract image of snake and crocodile).
	www.vietnamembassy.us /learn_about_vietnam/culture/beliefs_and_religions (1404 words)

	Decentralised government in Vietnam
		The candidates are invited to such conferences which “on the basis of the criteria for the People’s Council, pass judgements on and express their trust in the self-nominated and nominated candidates by either a show of hands or a secret ballot, depending on the decision of the conference.
		Fatherland Front An additional and in fact a far stronger means of control of the People’s Councils and of the People’s Committees is the supervising task of the Vietnamese Fatherland Front.
		The supervision as exercised by the VFF is nicely characterized in the wording of the preambule to the Law on Vietnam Fatherland Front, where it is stated that the role of the VFF i.a.
	www.jus.unitn.it /cardozo/Review/vietnam.htm (4667 words)

	Vietnamese Law
		A new Vietnamese constitution was approved in April 1992, reaffirming the central role of the Communist Party in politics and society, and outlining government reorganization and increased economic freedom.
		The Vietnamese President, presently Tran Duc Luong, functions as head of state but also serves as the nominal commander of the armed forces and chairman of the Council on National Defense and Security.
		Local mass organizations, such as those under the Fatherland Front, are empowered to deal with minor breaches of law or disputes.
	jurist.law.pitt.edu /world/vietnam.htm (657 words)

	Religious Control in Vietnam Increases
		All levels of Party and government, the Vietnamese Fatherland Front and its member organizations, social and religious associations have the responsibilities of carrying out well the task of mobilizing the masses and implementing properly the religious policy of the Party and government.
		All levels of the Party and government, the Vietnamese Fatherland Front and grassroots organizations, and social associations must actively propagandize, distribute, and explain the religious policy of the Party and government among the masses, particularly among believers and officials of the religions.
		The Vietnamese Fatherland Front, the grassroots organizations, and the social associations must intensify their campaigning of religious believers and officials to join the people in the reform effort.
	www.fva.org /0798/story01.htm (1540 words)

	Fatherland -- Recommendations and Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Use of the word "fatherland" (or rather, its cognates in languages like German and Russian--though Russia also has "motherland") certainly does not by itself imply that anyone using it is an ethnic nationalist or even slightly supports ethnic nationalist views.
		''Fatherland'' is a 1992 thriller novel by the English writer and journalist Robert Harris which doubles as a work of virtual history and postulates a world in which Nazi Germany was triumphant in World War II.
		Fatherland's Home (''Dom Ojczysty'') is a small political group in Polish parliament, MPs elected from the Liga Polskich Rodzin electoral committee.
	www.becomingapediatrician.com /health/53/fatherland.html (1243 words)

	Encyclopedia: Communist Party of Vietnam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		At the same time, a Comintern congress in Moscow adopted a policy towards a popular front against fascism and directed Communist movements around the world to collaborate with anti-fascist forces regardless of their orientation towards socialism.
		In politics a common front is an alliance between different groups, forces or interests in pursuit of a common goal or in opposition to a common enemy.
		Hanoi (Vietnamese: quá»‘c ngá»¯ HÃ Ná»™i; chá»¯ nÃ´m æ²³å†…), estimated population 4,100,000 (2004), is the capital of Vietnam and was the capital of North Vietnam from 1954 to 1976.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Communist-Party-of-Vietnam (1838 words)

	Loyal Opposition: The Rise of Vietnamese Dissidents (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Vietnamese leaders were cognizant that a multi-party system, albeit one in which the communist party remained a dominant political force, had emerged in Hungary when opposition parties developed from less formal reform "circles" founded by regional officials who banded together.
		In the short-run, the Vietnamese believe the Chinese are too focused on building up their economy to pose a major threat.
		That leaves the Vietnamese to focus their attentions on the second threat, subversion through "peaceful evolution." This is the threat created by the growth of democratization, human rights and other Western values which will cause the dissipation of Marxist-Leninist-Ho Chi Minh ideology and the VCP’s monopoly of power.
	www.fas.harvard.edu /~asiactr/haq/200002/0002a006.htm (5343 words)

	[No title]
		As noted, WGAD was not able to obtain official data from the Vietnamese authorities, neither on the number of prisoners detained in the pre-trail detention camps, nor on the number of detention camps in Vietnam.
		The relevant provision of the Vietnamese legislation is "The Vietnam Fatherland Front [i.e.
		After her death the Vietnamese police then fired her husband from the job. In the early 1990s the communist authorities conducted sterilizations using an acid chemical “quinicrine,” in pellet form which when inserted into the uterus, the pellet would dissolve and burn the uterus shut.
	www.radicalparty.org /vietnam/report_ginevra.doc (9127 words)

	Reporters sans frontières - Vietnam
		Three Vietnamese cyberdissidents were expected to go an appeal trial on 28 November after a lower court sentenced them to jail terms of three to five years for defending religious freedom, in email, fax and telephone messages abroad.
		They are accused of "taking advantage of democratic freedoms and rights to damage the interests of the government, social organisations and citizens." Amnesty International has said that the charge sheet against them includes a precise list of all their communications abroad.
		After an extraordinary meeting, the presidium of the central committee of the Vietnam Fatherland Front - a satellite organisation of the Vietnamese Communist Party - on 27 November denounced the US and European resolutions, which it said "misrepresented religious reality in Vietnam".
	www.rsf.org /article.php3?id_article=8623 (753 words)

	Bo Y te (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		All ministries, sectors and People's Committees at all levels in collaboration with the Fatherland Front and socio-political organizations should mobilize people, in particular young people, not to start smoking and encourage smokers to reduce and give up smoking.
		The Vietnamese Fatherland Front; Vietnamese Confederation; Farmers' Organization; Women's Union; Youth Union; Veterans' Association should assign representatives to participate in the Steering Committee of the Program.
		The Vietnamese Fatherland Front and other socio-political organizations should collaborate with the health sector and concerned Government bodies to mobilize the whole population to actively support and participate in tobacco control activities to protect people's health so as to improve the quality of people's life and promote the socio-economic development of the country.
	www.moh.gov.vn /English?act=5 (1401 words)

	Fatherland Front - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		There have been at least two organisations known as the Fatherland Front.
		For the Vietnamese organisation, see Vietnamese Fatherland Front.
		For the historic Bulgarian organisation, see Fatherland Front (Bulgaria).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fatherland_Front (96 words)

	La Lutte and the Vietnamese Trotskyists
		One of the slogans of the journal is for the adoption of Vietnamese (but it is still called `Annamite') as the official language in the colonial legislatures, and as the language of education.
		In June the Vietnamese Trotskyists made a similar analysis of the Indochinese situation in their illegal papers and then, only a little later, in their legal journal Le Militant, the first four numbers of which were issued between I and 21 September 1936.
		He participated in the first activities of the Vietnamese Trotskyists in Paris (he was arrested in the course of the demonstration outside the Elysee), and he was active in the Comité d'amnistie aux Indochinois.
	www.revolutionary-history.co.uk /backiss/Vol3/No2/Hemery.html (7947 words)

	Vietnamese-American.org website is about empowering Vietnamese-Americans
		By the end of the Second World War the Vietnamese were already in violent conflict with the representatives not only of France, but also of England and the United States, a conflict in which they could turn the wartime political rhetoric against the governments that had casually written it.
		Until general elections, the Vietnamese and French respectively were to exercise civil authority above and below the demarcation line, and it was France alone that had responsibility for assuring conformity to its terms on a political level.
		An estimated 40,000 Vietnamese were in jail for political reasons by the end of 1958, almost four times that number by the end of 1961.
	www.vietnamese-american.org /a3.html (12650 words)

	Letter from Ven. Thich Phuoc Vien to Leaders of VCP
		Thich Phuoc Vien to the leaders of the Vietnamese Communist Party and its government to protest the harassment of Buddhist clergies in Hue after their attempt to visit the detained Patriarch of the Church on July 6, 2001.
		This BCV is led by the Communist Party of Vietnam as stated in Article 9 of the 1992 Constitution: "The Vietnamese Fatherland Front and its member organizations are the political foundation of the People’s Government...
		Let the Buddhist Church operates freely according to the wishes of the Vietnamese Buddhists and not to the doctrine of Marxism-Leninism, which themselves contradict the Vietnamese tradition and culture as evidenced by the 50 years of building socialism in Vietnam.
	www.fva.org /200108/story11.htm (1082 words)

	OnlineWomen: Vietnam
		The Chinese conquered the Red River Delta in the 2nd century and their 1,000-year rule, marked by tenacious Vietnamese resistance and repeated rebellions, ended in 938 AD when Ngo Quyen vanquished the Chinese armies at the Bach Dang River.
		There have been opportunities for women to add to the gains they have made in the last five decades, but on the other hand, there is a danger that they may be marginalized and even lose ground on their past achievements.
		Only the Vietnamese Fatherland Front, a front of the communist Dang Cong San Viêt Nam (Communist Party of Vietnam), mass organizations and its affiliates, and some non-partisans were allowed to participate during elections.
	www.onlinewomeninpolitics.org /vietnam/vietmain.htm (1381 words)

	Laos 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Unification (the Lao counterpart to the Vietnamese Fatherland Front and the
		Chinese United Front Department) maintained that the central government's ability to protect religious freedom was hampered by its lack of political influence over the provincial governors who have more direct administrative control over the villages where religious problems have occurred.
		These same officials claimed that the lack of political control has been exacerbated by the central government's difficulty in gaining physical access to many villages because of the lack of roads and vehicles.
	www.hrwf.net /html/laos_2004.html (1860 words)

	Vietnamese Poetry
		Vietnamese poets, eager for modernization, wasted no time to adopt French versification and prosody rules, and in the process began to sever their ties to the old classical poetic tradition.
		Today's Vietnamese poetry owes its characteristics and power to the seminal works of these pioneers, whose signal contribution to the shaping of the country's literary tradition in the modern era cannot be overemphasized.
		Normally, Vietnamese poets instinctively vary the tone pattern of verse endings according to received prosodic practices or according to an intuitive sense of tonal harmony, specifically to avoid the deadening drone of a languishing monotone.
	www.geocities.com /tdl.geo/vietpoet.html (12188 words)

	CITY OF SALUZZO-- Minute of The Town-Council Meeting Resolution
		Vietnam is still a country with a one-party regime, where the “Vietnamese Fatherland Front” keeps a very tight control over all aspects of the political, economic, social and institutional life;
		The UN sub-committee for the minorities (in its 75th session) has pointed out “its concern about the constraints suffered by the media...” and “lack of detailed information on the native populations, especially the Montagnards (ethnic minorities living in the Highlands of Central Vietnam), who are not recognized their right to cultural, ethnic and religious identity”;
		To take appropriate steps, at any international high-level meeting, so as to guarantee that the Vietnamese government respects the national and international laws on the fundamental human rights, including the civil and political rights of the people.
	www.montagnard-foundation.org /BHIAU/mkan-03-0110.asp (352 words)

	Partnership to help Habitat for Humanity’s work in Vietnam -- Habitat for Humanity Int'l
		The Danang Fatherland Front, part of a nationwide welfare organization, is also a partner.
		Some 192 families in the city and a similar number in the outlying rural district of Hoa Vang are expected to benefit.
		In Danang, the Fatherland Front has agreed to supplement the savings of each participating family with a (Vietnamese dollars) 2 million grant.
	www.habitat.org /newsroom/2004archive/insitedoc006067.aspx (540 words)

	Nhan Dan --- News
		Jose Chachado Ventura, Politburo member of the Communist Party of Cuba told a delegation of the Vietnam Fatherland Front (VFF) on September 27 that he hoped the VFF will increase the exchange of experiences and boost bilateral co-operation with Cuba's Committee for Defence of Revolution (CDR).
		VFF Vice President Le Truyen expressed admiration for the bravery of the Cuban people and highly valued the leadership of the Communist Party of Cuba over the past four decades.
		During its stay there, the Vietnamese delegation held working sessions with CDR leaders and met with experts from the CPC CC's Department of Religious Affairs and the Foreign Ministry's Department of Overseas Cubans.
	www.nhandan.com.vn /english/news/290905/cuban.htm (140 words)

	Vietnam: Independent Investigation of Easter Week Atrocities Needed Now (Human Rights Watch, 27-5-2004)
		Vietnamese officials and civilians acting on their behalf beat and killed dozens of Montagnards during Easter week demonstrations in the Central Highlands, when thousands of people gathered to protest confiscation of ancestral lands and religious repression, according to new eyewitness testimony obtained by Human Rights Watch.
		The Vietnamese government has charged that “anti-government” and “counter-revolutionary” elements are inciting the Montagnards to seek an independent state.
		The Vietnamese government claims that the protesters started the violence during the April protests, and backed this up during an April 26-27 visit to the highlands by western media and diplomats by showing carefully edited videos of the demonstrations and showcasing villagers who seemingly confessed that the protesters were the ones who started throwing rocks.
	hrw.org /english/docs/2004/05/27/vietna8625.htm (4014 words)

	Vietnam - The Vietnamese Communist Party
		The state Constitution adopted in 1980 terms the party "the only force leading the state and society and the main factor determining all successes of the Vietnamese revolution." The party's role is primary in all state activities, overriding that of the government, which functions merely to implement party policies.
		Member parties were instructed to join in popular fronts with noncommunist parties to preserve world socialism in the face of fascism's new threat.
		Although the Vietnamese party subsequently adopted the strategy, the timing of the two meetings dictated that the Vietnamese in Macao wait until after their meeting for directions from Moscow.
	countrystudies.us /vietnam/52.htm (1305 words)

	Vietnamese (Kinh) People Expanded Profile (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Vietnamese differ from most Westerners in their belief in a real causal relationship between the stars and their lives—who they will marry, what kind of marriage they will have, how many children they will have, how and when they will die, and so on.
		In the minds of Vietnamese, if someone is born when the stars are lined up in a particular way, then he is fated or destined to be a particular kind of person and live a particular kind of life.
		Vietnamese Christians would select, prepare, administer and support their own pastors and property, and even work as peers with the foreigners as missionaries to unreached minority peoples.
	www.infomekong.com /p_group_Vietnam_2.htm (13109 words)

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