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Topic: Vietnamese French (dialect)

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	French language - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The earliest extant text in French is the Oath of Strasbourg from 842; Old French became a literary language with the chansons de geste that told tales of the paladins of Charlemagne and the heroes of the Crusades.
		From the 17th to the 19th centuries, French was the lingua franca of educated Europe, especially with regards to the arts and literature, and monarchs such as Frederick II of Prussia and Catherine the Great of Russia could both speak and write in French.
		French is an official language of New Brunswick, the Northwest Territories, and Nunavut, and is the sole official language of Quebec.
	open-encyclopedia.com /French_language (2510 words)

	French language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		French (French: français) is the third of the Romance languages in terms of number of speakers, after Spanish and Portuguese, being spoken by about 67 million people as a mother tongue, and altogether by some 128 million people, which includes second-language speakers who use French for daily communication.
		Following a period of unification, regulation and purification, the French of the 17th to the 18th centuries is sometimes referred to as Classical French (français classique), although many linguists simply refer to French language from the 17th century to today as Modern French (français moderne).
		French has been the only official language of Quebec since 1974, although it is commonly (and incorrectly) believed that the designation of French as the sole official language occurred in 1977 with the adoption of the Charter of the French Language (which is popularly referred to as Bill 101).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/French_language (3916 words)

	Vietnamese language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Vietnamese is generally said to be part of the Viet-Muong (or Vietic) grouping of the Mon-Khmer branch of the Austroasiatic language family, a family that also includes Khmer, spoken in Cambodia, as well as various tribal and regional languages, such as the Munda languages, spoken in northeastern India, and others in southern China.
		Vietnamese in the form of chữ nôm was used for administrative purposes during the brief Tay Son Dynasty.
		Vietnamese vowels are all pronounced with an inherent tone (thanh or thanh điệu).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vietnamese_language (3320 words)

	Encyclopedia article: Vietnamese language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Vietnamese (tiếng Việt, less commonly tiếng Việt Nam or Việt ngữ), formerly known as Annamite, is the national and official language of Vietnam (A communist state in Indochina on the South China Sea; achieved independence from France in 1945) (Việt Nam).
		Vietnamese is the official language of Vietnam (A communist state in Indochina on the South China Sea; achieved independence from France in 1945).
		Vietnamese extensively uses a system of classifiers (A word or morpheme used in some languages in certain contexts (such as counting) to indicate the semantic class in which an item belongs) to indicate word classes of nouns.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/v/vi/vietnamese_language.htm (2697 words)

	French Translation: Canadian French, Parisian, Dialects, Software to translate French, Translator, Language, French (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Cajun French is a dialect of the French language, spoken primarily in the state of Louisiana and is considered the native langauge by over 250,000 people.
		Vietnamese French is an extinct French pidgin spoken in Vietnam.
		The language was influenced by Vietnamese, French, English, Javanese, Cantonese dialect of Chinese, and Portuguese.
	translationsoftware4u.com /french/french-dialects.shtml (632 words)

	theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Although Quebec French is sometimes thought of as an almost exclusively non-standard variant, and certain aspects of it are sociolinguistically stigmatized, most aspects of Quebec French that distinguish it from the French of France are found throughout the different registers of speech and writing, including standard and formal usage.
		Quebec French is substantially different in pronunciation and vocabulary from the other varieties of French spoken throughout the world, just as the Portuguese, Spanish, and English languages of the Americas differ from the corresponding European dialects.
		In the French of France, people favour oi in the three persons of the singular as well as in the 3rd person of the plural ("je m'assois", "ils s'assoient"), but ey is favoured in the 1st and 2nd persons of the plural ("nous nous asseyons" "vous vous asseyez").
	thegeneralelectric2.blogspot.com (4314 words)

	Frenchculture.org \| News \| March 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		French President Jacques Chirac asked his national library and culture ministry last week to devise a plan to make European literature available on the Internet, after the head of the library expressed fears that a similar plan announced by Google last year would result in a dominance of English-language texts, Reuters reported.
		President Bush quoted the French existentialist Albert Camus in Brussels last month, and in the same speech noted that Benjamin Franklin had arrived on the continent to such acclaim two centuries before that his reputation was deemed even greater than that of Voltaire's.
		French author Jules Verne - prolific author, prophet, genius, the "father of science fiction", the first and greatest mythmaker of the machine age - was buried in Amiens 100 years ago this month.
	www.frenchculture.org /news/archive/0503.html (7074 words)

	Vets With A Mission - History of Vietnam - Ethnic people
		Vietnamese legend accounts for this fundamental split between lowlanders and highlanders as follows: the Dragon King of the south married Au Co, a beautiful northern princess, and at first they lived in the mountains where she gave birth to a hundred strong, handsome boys.
		Despite their different origins, languages, dialects and hugely varied traditional dress, there are a number of similarities among the highland groups that distinguish them from Viet people.
		The new government pursued a policy of forced assimilation of the minorities into the Vietnamese culture and glossed over their pre vious anti-Viet activities: all education was conducted in the Vietnamese language, traditional customs were discouraged or outlawed, and minority people were moved from their dis persed villages into permanent settlements.
	www.vwam.com /vets/tribes/ethnicminorities.html (2365 words)

	The Vietnamese Language Program at UGA
		Vietnamese is a monosyllabic, non-inflected and tonal language.
		The presence of tones (the Northen dialect is said to have six tones) in Vietnamese is the main linguistic barrier to a non-native speaker learning Vietnamese.
		The language teaching and learning are designed to help the learners reach oral proficiency (to be able to convey a meaningful and socially-acceptable message, to be able to carry on a conversation) in the target language.
	www.uga.edu /umlaut/VietLang.htm (348 words)

	Zhuang 020
		French goods had earlier been relatively unimportant to China and were simply classified as "other" in import statistics until 1909.
		By 1900 French coins constituted about half of those in circulation, and in some border districts, the currency was entirely foreign.
		It is difficult to assess the impact of the displacement of native currencies, but the destruction of the copper coinage which had earlier constituted the primary money in rural districts must have damaged the small producer and laborer.
	mcel.pacificu.edu /as/resources/zhuang/zhuang20.htm (8541 words)

	schafer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		He deserves to be better known, however, because as Vietnamese literary historians all agree, he played an important role in the literary life of his country, particularly in the development of prose fiction, and no doubt would have contributed more if he had not died of consumption at the age of 43.
		When the French solidified their hold to Tonkin, he became a merchant and sold oil (which at that time was used primarily for lamps).
		Many of the Vietnamese who were willing to collaborate were lazy and incompetent individuals who abused the peasants and used their positions to achieve a life of luxury for themselves (28).
	kicon.com /phamduy/Pdton/schafer.html (9748 words)

	Page_Diary_ChuDreh.html
		During their war, the French had moved men and materiel around the country by way of large troop and vehicle convoys.
		In between French, pidgin Vietnamese and a very few words of Rhade I was able to convince the old man to take us to the site of the ambush.
		Most Vietnamese roadside restaurants are open to the air allowing all sorts of people and animals to become part of your dining experience.
	home.earthlink.net /~gt3d/Page_Diary_ChuDreh.html (5044 words)

	#F# "I love you" in various languages
		Dhivehi -> language spoken in the Maldives and in the Minicoy Island of India Dusun -> language spoken by the Dusun tribe, one of the largest in North Borneo Dutch -> language spoken in the Netherlands and the provinces of East- and West-Flanders, Antwerp, Limburg, and Flemmish-Brabant, Belgium Esperanto -> The International Language.
		Dialects of Farsi spoken in Pakistan and Afghanistan.
		A mixture of French and German, with the emphasis on German.
	www.faqs.org /faqs/romance-faq/part3/section-1.html (1129 words)

	Plan of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission for Improving Access to Services for Persons with Limited English ...
		Due to the dedication and assistance of the CLDO Hispanic staff, the District is working to meet the needs of the Spanish-speaking populations in Ohio, especially in the Greater Cleveland and Lorain areas.
		The largest populations of Asians are concentrated in the Columbus and Cleveland MSAs, with a large population also located in the Cincinnati MSA and the Akron MSA.
		An array of Asian dialects comprise the second bilingual language group that the District Office will have to address via internal office staff bilingual skills or depend on known external community wide language resources.
	www.eeoc.gov /abouteeoc/plan/lep/lep-a.html (1525 words)

	DXing.info :: Radio Broadcasting in Laos
		French, English, Chinese and Vietnamese are also spoken in the principal urban centres.
		In the Thai and Vietnamese border areas, a common dialect is widespread.
		This is registered with the ITU from 0100-1800, with the target area designated as Laos, with programming in English, Thai, Vietnamese, French, and Khmer.
	www.dxing.info /articles/laos.dx (1002 words)

	VietnamJournal - Vietnam Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The appearance of the French power in Indochina [6] enforced the Vietnamese people to experience the new political power from Western society, and further reconsidering their relationship with the traditional feudal China.
		Spoken Vietnamese and Quoc Ngu were still subordinated to French and Chinese until the establishment of Democratic Republic of Viet Nam in 1945.
		Since the majority of Vietnamese were illiterates, and only a few elites were skilled in Han writing or French during the promotion of Quoc Ngu, it was clear that romanized Vietnamese would be favored by the majority, and thus win the literacy campaign.
	www.vietnamjournal.org /article.php?sid=26 (10561 words)

	Voices Of Vietnam
		Through the Musicians' Association, an arm of the Ministry of Culture, I was given unprecedented access to their more than four hundred composer, performer, and musicologist members, allowed to travel freely, and had privileged access to the extensive (but decaying) musical research archives.
		Few Vietnamese had ever had a chance to speak to an American (certainly not without fear of reprisal) and fewer with one not connected to the militia or business, so many that I met were curious about how my lifestyle fit their image.
		Few Vietnamese and fewer Americans are aware of this style of music which has been passed down through family members of this region.
	www.rootsworld.com /rw/feature/vietnam.html (3677 words)

	Vietnamese Translations – Vietnamese-English-Vietnamese Translators (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		All our English to Vietnamese translators are exclusively native speakers of Vietnamese and often specialize in translations from other major languages (e.g.
		A number of our English to Vietnamese and Vietnamese to English translators hold diplomas in Medicine, Law, Economics, Accounting and etc., and therefore we are able to provide our clients with Vietnamese to English and English to Vietnamese translations related to medical, legal, business, accounting, technical and many other fields.
		Many of our Vietnamese translators are also web-designers, so we are able to provide you with a complete localization (translation) of your website into Vietnamese.
	www.amtrans.co.uk /vietnamese-translators.htm (252 words)

	20 Dec History: This Date (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Negotiations between Ho Chi Minh and the French began in late October 1945, leading to an agreement on 06 March 1946 for Vietnam to be a free state within the French Union.
		Historians have found no real evidence that the French of Orleans Territory resented their transfer to American control, though one witness claimed that when the French tri-color was replaced by the Stars and Stripes in New Orleans, the citizens wept.
		The French did resent that their new governor was appointed rather than elected, and they bridled when the American government tried to make English the official language and discouraged the use of French.
	www.jcanu.hpg.ig.com.br /history/h4dec/h4dec20.html (12074 words)

	CAP Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Some Vietnamese men chewed betel, but it was more often used by women, especially in the countryside.
		At 10.5 pounds the M-1 was nearly as big and heavy as the M-14, many of these were used by the South Vietnamese army, various RF and PF units, and even the Viet Cong.
		A shitbird was a guy who slept on watch, stole from his buddies, offended the Vietnamese and generally shirked his duties.
	www.capmarine.com /cap/glossary.htm (6502 words)

	[No title]
		The Vietnamese are known as the Quing people, and they were at one time delivered from Chinese domination by the Le sisters, similar to the story of the three Hmong brothers.
		The Chinese Hmong may have raised no objection because they are not aware of the ambiguous meanings of the term, or have not been ridiculed by the use of such a name unlike their brothers and sisters in Thailand or Laos.
		This resistance was crushed by Vietnamese troops in 1978, but remnants of the movement continued to carry on their political struggle in Laos from refugee camps in Thailand or from their hiding places in the jungles of Laos, firmly believing in their messianic mission.
	members.aol.com /hmongstudiesjrnl/HSJ-v1n1_Lee.html (8671 words)

	April 24, 2003; \| www.sdreader.com
		Larry spoke Korean; a little Vietnamese; a little French; a bit of Rhadé, a Montagnard language; and a bit of Jarai, another Montagnard dialect.
		We had a one-month "survival" language program in several languages: Vietnamese and French for Vietnam; Thai; Tagalog for the Philippines; Malay.
		The French word for rabbit wasn't in that phrase book, and I had no memory of having learned it elsewhere.
	www.sdreader.com /php/cityshow.php?id=C042403C (1435 words)

	vB Easy Archive - Saigoniste To Remove Ho Chi Mama PETITION !
		My Grandmother told us stories about the French using Vietnamese as slaves on rubber plantations, capturing and killing runaways, then burying their bodies underneath a tree to ensure that their very souls would be tied to labor even in the afterlife.
		BEV, as it is known in the anthropological literature, is a recognized DIALECT of English.
		You are actually speaking in different dialects, although the difference between "work suitable" speach and "home/friend" speech probably isn't as great as the difference between "work suitable" speech and BEV.
	www.howardforums.com /archive/topic/153015-1.html (5748 words)

	OSS in Asia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Against the wishes of America’s French and Chinese allies, OSS “Mission DEER” had briefly aided Communist insurgent leader Ho Chi Minh in his fight against the Japanese in northern Indochina.
		Other OSS officers, such as Maj. Aaron Bank, arrived in Laos and in southern Vietnam as the war ended, and tried to make sense of the bewildering and violent nationalist and colonial rivalries among the French and Vietnamese factions there.
		OSS’s Col. Peter Dewey in Saigon tragically became the first American killed in Indochina when his jeep was ambushed by Communist guerrillas (apparently in a case of mistaken identity) in September 1945.
	www.cia.gov /cia/publications/oss/art09.htm (1408 words)

	Jump-Gate :: View topic - Which of the French dialects do you prefare ?
		Which of the French dialects do you prefare ?
		Posted: Wed Mar 02, 2005 7:57 am Post subject: Which of the French dialects do you prefare ?
		Acadian-, African-, Belgian-, Cambodian-, Cajun-, Quebec-, Swiss-, Parisian-, Marseillais-, Lyonnais-, Maghreb- and Vietnamese french.
	www.jump-gate.com /forum/viewtopic.php?p=328 (202 words)

	yourDictionary.com • Instajob Translation • French
		Fill in all the blanks; leave none empty.
		Enter any special instructions here, including dialect requirements.
		Would you like to be added to our translator database?
	www.yourdictionary.com /translate/instajob_french.html (103 words)

	California Courts: Programs: Court Interpreters: FAQ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The U.S. Census Bureau counts 224 languages and innumerable dialects.
		Filling the needs of non-English-speaking persons who use the courts is crucial because any failure on their part to understand the system or the law could result in severe injustice.
		The tested languages may change periodically, depending on the results of studies of language use in the courts.
	www.courtinfo.ca.gov /programs/courtinterpreters/infopack.htm (5841 words)

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